Submitted by Angela Maria de Oliveira (amolivei@uepg.br) on 2018-09-11T12:53:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Bruna Fortes Bittencourt Cunha.pdf: 3130140 bytes, checksum: d90679fac0607e3ac4941f81ab5cda09 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-11T12:53:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Bruna Fortes Bittencourt Cunha.pdf: 3130140 bytes, checksum: d90679fac0607e3ac4941f81ab5cda09 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-17 / O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar 1) o efeito do co-iniciador alternativo 4,4’bisdimetilaminobenzidrol (BZN) no grau de conversão (GC) e nas propriedades mecânicas e biológicas de resinas compostas experimentais e 2) a correlação entre metodologias empregadas para o teste de GC de resinas compostas. Para o Experimento 1, o co-iniciador BZN foi utilizado em três concentrações (0,2, 0,5 e 1,2), e o co-iniciador DMAEMA como controle, nas mesmas concentrações acima. A concentração molar entre canforoquinona (CQ) e os co-iniciadores foi mantida constante (1:1). As resinas compostas foram manipuladas e submetidas aos testes de microdureza (VHN), resistência à compressão e flexural (em MPa), módulo de elasticidade (em GPa), GC (em %, por meio de espectroscopia micro-Raman e FTIR com KBr), citotoxicidade in vitro (frente às células fibroblásticas 3T3) e avaliação in vitro da aderência de Candida albicans e Streptococcus mutans sobre as resinas experimentais. Para o Experimento 2, foram utilizadas as três resinas experimentais com DMAEMA (DMAEMA0,2, DMAEMA0,5 e DMAEMA1,2) foram submetidas a três testes para avaliação de GC: espectroscopia micro-Raman, Infravermelho por transformada de Fourier com aparelho de refletância total atenuada (FT-IR ATR) e FT-IR com confecção de pastilhas de KBr (FT-IR KBr). Os resultados do Experimento 1 foram submetidos ao teste ANOVA 1 fator e pós-teste de Tukey (α=0,05) e os dados do Experimento 2 foram analisados por ANOVA 2 fatores (concentração do co-iniciador x metodologia) e pós-teste de Tukey (α=0,05), e a correlação entre as três metodologias foi analisada por regressão linear múltipla. A significância da regressão e das variáveis independentes foi estimada por teste F e t, respectivamente, com 95% de confiança. Os resultados do Experimento 1 mostraram que as resinas compostas experimentais com o BZN apresentaram GC e propriedades mecânicas satisfatórias, além de serem consideradas atóxicas a fibroblastos 3T3. Ainda, a avaliação de aderência de Candida albicans e Streptococcus mutans revelou que as resinas com BZN apresentaram alto grau de inibição em diluição, comparado ao controle DMAEMA; para o Experimento 2, o GC das resinas compostas com o co-iniciador DMAEMA em diferentes concentrações não apresentou diferenças; porém, as três metodologias estudadas apresentaram forte correlação positiva (r2:0,95). Conclui-se que a inclusão do co-iniciador BZN fornece potencial antimicrobiano à resina composta, sem comprometer o grau de conversão e as propriedades mecânicas da mesma. E que as três metodologias estudadas influenciaram os valores obtidos de GC, na sequência: micro-Raman > FT-IR ATR > FT-IR com KBr. / The aim of this study was to examine 1) the effect of the alternative coinitiator 4,4'bis dymethilaminobenzydrol (BZN) in degree of conversion (DC) and mechanical and biological properties of experimental resin composites and 2) the correlation between methods used to analyze DC of resin composites. In Experiment 1, the coinitiator BZN was used in three concentrations (0.2, 0.5 and 1.2), and the coinitiator DMAEMA as control at the same concentrations as above. The molar concentration of camphorquinone (CQ) and coinitiators was kept constant (1:1). The composites were manipulated and submitted to microhardness test (VHN), flexural and compressive strength (in MPa), elastic modulus (GPa), DC (in %, by micro-Raman spectroscopy and FT-IR), in vitro cytotoxicity (against 3T3 fibroblastic cells) and in vitro evaluation of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans adhesion on the experimental resins. In Experiment 2, the three experimental resins with DMAEMA (DMAEMA0.2, DMAEMA0.5 and DMAEMA1.2) were used. The groups were subjected to three tests to assess DC: micro-Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (FT-IR ATR) and FT-IR with preparation of KBr pellets (FT-IR KBr). The results of Experiment 1 were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-test (α = 0.05) and data from Experiment 2 were analyzed by two-way ANOVA (coinitiator concentration versus methodology) and Tukey post-test (α = 0.05). The correlation between the three methods was analyzed by multiple linear regression. The significance of the regression and the independent variables was estimated by F and t tests, with 95% of confidence. The results of Experiment 1 showed that the experimental composite resin with BZN showed satisfactory DC and mechanical properties, and was considered nontoxic against 3T3 fibroblasts. Also, the evaluation of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans adhesion revealed that BZN resins exhibited a high degree of inhibition compared to control resins with DMAEMA; for Experiment 2, DC of composites with DMAEMA at the three different concentrations did not show significant differences; however, the three methodologies analyzed showed a strong positive correlation (r2: 0.95), It was concluded that the inclusion of the coinitiator BZN provides antimicrobial potential to resin composites, without compromising degree of conversion and mechanical properties. Also, the three methodologies influenced DC values, as follows: micro- Raman > FT-IR ATR > FT-IR with KBr.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho, dividido em dois estudos, foi avaliar: (1) a influência dos tipos de ponteiras (fibra óptica e polímero) utilizadas em um aparelho fotoativador à base de LED (Ultrablue IS - DMC) sobre o grau de conversão e dureza de uma resina composta microhíbrida (FiltekTM Z250) e uma nanoparticulada (FiltekTM Supreme XT); e (2) a influência dos tipos de ponteiras (fibra óptica e polímero) utilizadas em um aparelho fotoativador à base de LED (Ultrablue IS - DMC) sobre a resistência à compressão de uma resina composta microhíbrida (FiltekTM Z250) e uma nanoparticulada (FiltekTM Supreme XT). No primeiro estudo, para os testes de grau de conversão (GC) e dureza, cinco corpos-de-prova com 4 mm de diâmetro e 2 mm de espessura (ISO 4049), foram confeccionados para cada grupo avaliado. O grau de conversão foi analisado pelo Espectrofotômetro Nexus - 470 FT-IR. Para o teste de dureza Vickers, os corpos-de-prova foram levados ao Durômetro Micromet 2100 (Buehler, EUA) onde foi utilizada uma carga de 50 gramas força (gf) e tempo de 30 segundos. Para cada corpo-de-prova oito medidas foram realizadas nas superfícies de topo e base. Os dados obtidos para o GC e dureza foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste de Análise de Variância (ANOVA) e Tukey. No segundo estudo, para o teste de resistência à compressão foram confeccionados oito corpos-de-prova com 8 mm de altura e 4 mm de diâmetro. O teste foi realizado na máquina de ensaio universal EMIC com célula de carga de 5 kN à velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste ANOVA e o teste Tamhane. Os resultados demonstraram que o GC e dureza foram influenciados pelas ponteiras, sendo a dureza também influenciada pelo tipo de resina composta utilizada. A resina composta microhíbrida fotoativada com a ponteira de fibra óptica apresentou maiores valores do GC e dureza... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this work, divided into two studies, was evaluate: (1) the influence of types of light guide tips (fiber optic and polymer) used in a photo-activation based on LED (Ultrablue IS - DMC) on the degree of conversion and hardness one microhybrid FiltekTM Z250 and one nanofilled FiltekTM Supreme XT composite resins; and (2) the influence of types of light guide tips (fiber optic and polymer) used in a photo-activation based on LED (Ultrablue IS - DMC) on the compressive strength of one microhybrid FiltekTM Z250 and one nanofilled FiltekTM Supreme XT composite resins. In the first study, to test the degree of conversion (GC) and hardness, five samples 4 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness (ISO 4049) were made for each group evaluated. The degree of conversion was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). For the Vickers hardness test, the samples were brought to the durometer Micromet 2100 (Buehler, USA) where was used a load of 50 gram force (gf) and time of 30 seconds. For each sample test measurements were performed eigth measures on the surfaces of top and bottom. The data obtained for the GC and hardness test were statistically analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test. In the second study to test the compressive strength eight samples (4 mm in diameter and 8 mm in thickness) were made for each group evaluated, and the test was conducted in a universal testing machine EMIC with load cell 5 kN and speed of 0,5 mm/min. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA test and Tamhane's test. The results showed that the GC and hardness were influenced by the light guide tip, and the hardness also influenced by the type of resin used. The microhybrid composite resin photo-activated with the fiber optic light tip had higher values of GC and hardness. The lowest values of GC and hardness were observed with nanofilled composite resin photoactivated... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Marcelo Ferrarezi de Andrade / Coorientador: Alessandro Nara de Souza Rastelli / Banca: Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona / Banca: José Roberto Cury Saad / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:30:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Jovito_Adiel_Skupien.pdf: 8297294 bytes, checksum: 72ce694b2bb9e499cf0353c4c4b8df4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-14 / Glass fiber posts and composite resins are widely used materials in restorative dentistry. The various forms of presentation and technical approach, as well as different handling prior to their use, can result in diverse outcomes, which can determine the success or failure of the restorative procedure. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of glass fiber posts and composite resins in front of several factors related to it uses in dentistry. For this, the study was divided into three parts: An in vitro study, an in vivo study and a systematic review. The in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of cementation delay of indirect composite resin restorations in previously hybridized dentin. Three strategies of cementation were tested through different protocols. Beam-shaped specimens from tooth/restoration were obtained and submitted to microtensile testing to evaluate the bond strength and types of failures, where the results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey s post hoc tests and linear regression. Regular cement and adhesive threestep etch-and-rinse adhesive system showed the highest values of bond strength, followed by the same cement and two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system and the lowest values for self-adhesive cement groups. Linear regression showed an improvement in the bond strength values when three-step adhesive system was used, however, all groups had adequate values of bond strength, even in unfavorable situations. The randomized clinical trial evaluated the longevity of metal-ceramic crown and composite resin restorations performed in endodontically treated teeth that received a glass fiber post. Fifty-six severely damaged teeth but with at least one entire wall were randomly allocated into two groups according to the type of restoration. The longevity was assessed through Kaplan-meier and clinical evaluation by descriptive analysis. The recall rate was 100%, fifty-six teeth were re-evaluated with no absolute failure. However, eight composite resin restorations had failed (all reparable). A significant difference between type of restoration was found. Indirect restorations provided higher acceptable clinical performance after two-year of followup, although composite failures were liable to repair. The systematic review compared factorts that can influence retention of glass fiber posts to intraradicular based on in vitro studies which compared the bond strength of resin cements. Searches were carried out in Pubmed and Scopus database up to December 2013. Thirty-four studies were included in the review and several variables were extracted. The presence of endodontic treatment significantly decrease the bond strength, meanwhile other variables can influence according to the type of resin cement. Thus, factors as type of cement application and pretreatment of post can influence glass fiber post retention, however, self-adhesive resin cements are less sensitive to luting procedures / Pinos de fibra de vidro e resinas compostas são materiais amplamente utilizados em odontologia restauradora. As diferentes formas de apresentação e técnicas de emprego, bem como diferentes manobras prévias às suas utilizações podem implicar em desfechos clínicos mais ou menos favoráveis, que podem determinar o sucesso ou falha de um procedimento restaurador. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho de pinos de fibra de vidro e resinas compostas frente a diversos fatores relacionados ao seu uso em odontologia. Para isso, o estudo foi dividido em três partes: estudo in vitro, estudo in vivo e revisão sistemática. O estudo in vitro objetivou avaliar o efeito do retardamento da cimentação de restaurações indiretas de resinas compostas em dentina previamente hibridizada. Três estratégias de cimentação foram testadas com diferentes protocolos. Palitos do conjunto dente/restauração foram obtidos e submetidos ao teste de microtração para avaliação da resistência de união e padrão de fratura, onde os valores foram analisados através de ANOVA e teste post hoc Tukey (!=0,05) e regressão linear. Cimento convencional e sistema adesivo de 3 passos apresentaram os maiores valores de resistência de união, seguidos do mesmo cimento e sistema de 2 passos, sendo os menores valores para o grupo do cimento auto-adesivo. A regressão linear demonstrou uma melhora significativa nos valores de resistência quando o sistema de 3 passos foi utilizado, entretanto, todos os grupos tiveram resultados adequados, mesmo em condições desfavoráveis. O ensaio controlado randomizado avaliou a longevidade de restaurações metalo-cerâmicas e de resinas compostas confeccionadas em dentes tratados endodonticamente que receberam um pino de fibra de vidro. Cinqüenta e seis dentes com a coroa danificada, porém, com uma face intacta, foram alocados em dois grupos aleatoriamente, de acordo com o tipo de restauração. A longevidade das restaurações foi avaliadas através de Kaplan- Meier e critérios clínicos foram analisados de forma descritiva. Com uma taxa de rechamada de 100%, 56 dentes foram reavaliados e nenhum foi perdido. Porém, 8 restaurações de resina composta falharam e sofreram reparos. Houve uma diferença significativa para o tipo de restauração em relação ao sucesso. Assim, restaurações indiretas apresentaram uma melhor performance clínica após 2 anos de acompanhamento, embora as falhas apresentadas no grupo que recebeu resinas diretas tenham sido reparáveis. A revisão sistemática comparou fatores que podem influenciar na retenção de pinos de fibra de vidro em dentina intra-radicular baseado em estudos in vitro que compararam a resistência de união de cimentos resinosos. Após uma busca realizada nos bancos de dados Pubmed e Scopus até dezembro de 2013, trinta e quatro estudos foram incluídos na revisão e diferentes variáveis foram extraídas. A presença de tratamento endodôntico diminuiu significativamente a resistência de união, enquanto que demais variáveis variam sua influência de acordo com o tipo de cimento resinoso. Assim, fatores como método de aplicação do cimento e pré-tratamento do pino podem influenciar a retenção de pinos de fibra de vidro, porém, cimentos auto-adesivos são menos sensíveis à técnica de cimentação

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:30:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Fabio Herrmann.pdf: 2352205 bytes, checksum: a6bcc0f4e7708f23fde2f31a66c02b83 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-23 / The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the effect of composite resin restoration techniques, bevel and storage time on the fracture strength, restoration retention and gap formation. For the fracture strength test, standard MOD cavities were prepared in 100 upper premolars, which were divided in two storage times (24 hours and 6 months with 1000 thermocycles), and in each group, sub-groups were randomly formed as follow: group 1 direct composite resin restoration(Filtek Z250 and Adper Single Bond 3M/ESPE) without bevel (butt joint); group 2 beveled direct composite resin restoration; group 3 indirect composite resin inlay (Z250 and Rely X ARC 3M/ESPE) without bevel(butt joint); group 4 beveled indirect composite resin inlay; group 5 sound teeth; group 6 teeth with MOD preparations (no restorations). For the retention test, the incisal edge of 90 lower incisors was sectioned, and divided in the same restorative groups as described above (except group 6). To evaluate gap presence or absence, proximal box cavities were prepared in 24 human third molars, which were restored with direct or indirect composite restorations, with or without bevel, similar to above described and examined under SEM evaluation. Data was statistically analysed by A NOVA, Tukey and t-student tests for fracture strength and retention tests, and Fisher s exact test for gap formation (=0,05). At the 24 hours, beveled restorations exhibited higher fracture strength values than non beveled restorations and most of the tested groups showed resistance similar or superior than sound teeth. After 6 months, the best results were obtained for beveled inlays and the worst values were observed for butt joint direct restorations. In the retention test,beveled restorations had superior performances than non-beveled restorations, in both periods of time. For both tests, a 6-month storage time and thermal cycling produced significant properties decrease in groups 1, 2 and 4 showed. Under SEM examination, no difference was observed among groups after 24 hours. However,after 6 months, beveled restotations remained without gap formation and they had better performance than butt joint restorations. Pearson correlation test showed positive correlation between fracture strength and retention tests. Within the limitations of the study, it was concluded that aging impaired adhesive properties, bevel improved the performance in all tests and generally indirect restorations were not superior to direct restorations. / O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar in vitro o efeito da técnica restauradora, da confecção de bisel e do tempo de armazenamento de restaurações de resina composta sobre a resistência à fratura dental, resistência à fratura de restaurações (resistência adesiva) e formação de fenda marginal. Para o teste de resistência à fratura dental, foram utilizados 100 pré-molares superiores, submetidos a preparos cavitários MOD, divididos em 2 tempos de armazenamento (24 horas e 6 meses com termociclagem 1000 ciclos), subdivididos nos seguintes grupos: grupo 1 restaurados com resina composta direta (Filtek Z250 e Adper Single Bond 3M/ESPE) sem bisel; grupo 2 resina composta direta com bisel; grupo 3 resina composta semi-direta (Z250 e Rely X ARC 3M/ESPE) sem bisel; grupo 4 resina composta semi-direta com bisel; grupo 5 dentes hígidos; e grupo 6 dentes apenas preparados (n=10). Para o teste de resistência à fratura de restaurações, foram utilizados 90 incisivos inferiores, que receberam desgaste do bordo incisal e foram divididos nos mesmos grupos citados acima (exceto o grupo 6). Para a avaliação de presença ou ausência de fenda marginal,foram empregados 24 terceiros molares, que receberam preparos proximais, divididos nos mesmos grupos acima (exceto os grupos 5 e 6). Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística (=0,05) através dos testes ANOVA, Tukey e t-student para resistência à fratura dental e resistência à fratura de restaurações e teste exato de Fisher para formação de fenda marginal. Os resultados mostraram que, para resistência à fratura dental, no tempo de 24 horas, as restaurações com bisel foram superiores às demais, enquanto as sem bisel não diferiram dos dentes hígidos. Após 6 meses, as restaurações semi-diretas com bisel foram superiores às demais, não diferindo das semi-diretas sem bisel; as restaurações diretas sem bisel foram inferiores às demais. Para resistência à fratura de restaurações, as restaurações com bisel foram superiores às demais para ambos os tempos de armazenamento, e não diferiram dos dentes hígidos em 24 horas. Para os 2 testes citados, os grupos 1, 2 e 4 apresentaram redução significativa do seu desempenho após 6 meses de armazenamento e termociclagem. A avaliação de fenda em esmalte mostrou que em 24 horas não houve diferença entre os grupos. Após 6 meses, as restaurações com bisel continuaram livres de fenda, enquanto as sem bisel apresentaram fenda na maioria dos espécimes. A análise de correlação de Pearson mostrou resultado significativamente positivo para os 2 testes de resistência. Concluiu-se que o tempo de armazenamento e termociclagem foram fatores significativos na redução da performance adesiva; a realização de bisel influenciou de forma positiva na melhora do desempenho das restaurações em todos os testes empregados; as restaurações semi-diretas de resina composta, de modo geral, não foram superiores às diretas.

Objetivo: Comparar in vitro la rugosidad superficial de resinas Bulk Fill sometidos a diferentes sistemas de pulido. Materiales y métodos: Noventa especímenes de resinas compuestas: Tetric® N-Ceram Bulk Fill (TNC), Filtek™ Bulk Fill (FB) y Opus Bulk Fill (OBF) fueron divididos en 9 grupos (n=10). Cada grupo fue sometido a un sistema de pulido: Cauchos Politip (CP), Discos Sof-lex™ (DS) y Discos Diamond Pro (DDP). La rugosidad superficial inicial y final fue evaluada mediante un rugosímetro. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva (media ± d.e) y para la comparación de diferencias de rugosidad inicial y final se utilizó la prueba de Kruskal Wallis (p<0.05). Resultados: La rugosidad superficial inicial (media + d.e, CP/DS/DDP) fue: TNC (1.23± 1.30µm/0.94±0.53µm/0.90±0.57µm); FB (0.53±1.29µm/0.59±0.54µm/0.63±0.26µm) y OBF (0.74±0.50µm/0.96±0.62µm/0.65±0.25µm). La rugosidad final fue: TNC (0.19± 0.04µm/0.32±0.23µm/0.28±0.22µm); FB (0.29±0.17µm/0.22±0.19µm/0.25±0.19µm) y OBF (0.15±0.05µm/0.26±0.24µm/0.20±0.14µm). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la rugosidad inicial y la rugosidad final TNC (p=0.479); FB (p=0.163) y OBF (p=0.919). Conclusión: Existe una disminución en los valores de rugosidad superficial de las resinas Bulk Fill evaluadas después de ser sometidas a tres sistemas de pulidos. / Aim: To compare in vitro the surface roughness of Bulk Fill resins using different polishing systems. Materials and methods: Ninety specimens: Tetric® N-Ceram Bulk Fill (TNC), Filtek™ Bulk Fill (FB) and Opus Bulk Fill (OBF) were divided into 9 groups (n=10). Each group was polished using a different polishing system: Politip Polishers (PP), Sof-lex Polishing Discs™ (SPD) and Diamond Pro Sandpaper Disk (DPSD). The initial and final roughness were assessed using a profilometer. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean ±s.d) and for the comparison of differences in initial and final roughness was analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test (p<0.05). Results: The initial surface roughness (mean ± s.d, PP/SPD/DPSD) was: TNC (1.23 ±1.30um/0.94±0.53um/0.90±0.57um); FB (0.53±1.29um/0.59±0.54um/0.63±0.26um) and OBF (0.74±0.50um/0.96±0.62um/0.65±0.25um). The final surface roughness was: TNC (0.19±0.04um/0.32±0.23um/0.28±0.22um); FB (0.29±0.17um/0.22±0.19um/0.25±0.19um) and OBF (0.15±0.05um/0.26±0.24um/0.20±0.14um). There were no significant differences between the initial and the final roughness measurements: TNC (p=0.479); FB (p=0.163) and OBF (p=0.919). Conclusion: There is a minor decrease in the surface roughness measurements of the Bulk Fill resins after using three different polishing systems. / Tesis

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Purpose: Dental sealant forms a physical barrier to prevent pit and fissure caries; therefore, the retention rate becomes a main factor of the sealant’s effectiveness. Electrospun nylon-6/N6 nanofibers have shown good mechanical properties, such as high tensile strength and fracture toughness. Chitosan/CH has received significant attention due to properties such as antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study was to synthesize and evaluate the effect of incorporating N6 and CH electrospun nanofibers on the physical-mechanical and antibacterial properties of an experimental resin-based sealant. Methods and Materials: Nanofiber synthesis: N6 pellets were dissolved in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol at a concentration of 10wt%. Practical-grade chitosan was dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid and dichloromethane (60:40 TFA/DCM) at 7 wt%. Electrospinning parameters were optimized in order to fabricate defect-free N6 and chitosan nanofiber mats. Morphological and chemical characterizations were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, respectively after vacuum drying the mats for 48 h. The average fiber diameter was determined from SEM images by measuring the diameter of 120 fibers using ImageJ software. Experimental Sealant: N6 and CH electrospun mats (3×3cm2) were immersed into a resin mixture of BIS-GMA/TEGDMA. Once no bubbles were seen, the resin-modified N6 and CH mats were put on a glass plate, light-cured (“TRIAD 2000”) for 2 min and then submitted to a cryomilling process to obtain a fine micron-sized powder. Three different filler levels (1 wt%, 2.5 wt%, 5 wt%) were used to prepare the N6 and CH incorporated resin-based sealants. Additionally, a commercially available resin-based sealant and the experimental resin mixture (unfilled) were used as controls. Three-point flexural testing, Vickers microhardness testing, and agar diffusion testing were performed on the experimental sealants and the commercial sealant. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Fisher's Protected Least Significant Differences Pair-wise comparisons between groups (5%). Results: The average fiber diameter for N6 was found to be 503±304 nm and 595±411 nm for CH. No significant difference was found between fiber diameter (p = 0.0601). FTIR confirmed the characteristic peaks for N6 ((CO-NH and [-(CH2)5-].) and CH (N-H and C2F3O2-). CH-5% group had significantly higher (p = 0.0000) FS (115.3±4.5 MPa) than all other groups. CH-1% and CH-2.5% groups had significantly higher FS than the control (unfilled) (p = 0.0016 and p = 0.0033 respectively); Helioseal Clear (p = 0.0000), and nylon groups. N6-5% had significantly higher flexural strength than Helioseal Clear (p = 0.0013) and N6-2.5% (p = 0.0250). CH-1% had significantly higher hardness values than all other groups, and CH-5% (p = 0.0414) had significantly higher values than N6-2.5%. No antibacterial inhibition was seen in any of the tested groups. Conclusions: CH and N6 nanofibers were successfully prepared via electrospinning and used to modify the experimental resin-based dental sealants. The overall results indicated that CH-containing sealants presented the highest flexural strength and hardness; however, none of the CH groups displayed antimicrobial properties. Further investigation is needed to enhance the physico-mechanical properties of the experimental resin-based sealants using nylon-6 and CH.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Repair is an alternative treatment option in many cases to replacement of resin matrix composite restoration. However, aged resin matrix composites have a limited number of carbon-carbon double bonds to adhere to a new layer of rein. Therefore, surface treatments of the aged resin matrix composite surface prior to repairing could improve the repair bond strength. The objectives of this study were to: 1) To evaluate various surface treatments on shear bond strength of repair between aged and new microhybrid resin matrix composite, and 2) To assess the influence of applying a silane coupling agent after surface treatments. Eighty disk-shaped resin matrix composite specimens were fabricated and thermocycled 5000 times prior to surface treatment. Specimens were randomly assigned to one of the three surface treatments (n = 20): 1) Airborne abrasion with 50 μm aluminum oxide, 2) Tribochemical silica coating (CoJet), or 3) Er,Cr:YSGG laser and control group (n = 20). Specimens were cleaned with 35-percent phosphoric acid, rinsed, and dried. Each group was assigned into two subgroups (n =10): a) no silanization, and b) with silanization. Adhesive agent was applied and new resin matrix composite was bonded to each conditioned surface. Bond strength was evaluated by shear test. Data were analyzed with a two-way ANOVA model. The interaction between conditioning and silanization was significant(p = 0.0163), indicating that comparisons of silanization must be evaluated for each conditioning method, and that comparisons of conditioning methods must be evaluated separately with and without silanization. Airborne particle abrasion showed significantly higher repair bond strength than Er,Cr:YSGG laser without silanization (p < 0.0001) and with silanization(p = 0.0002), and higher repair bond strength than the control without silanization (p < 0.00001) and with silanization (p < 0.00001). Airborne particle abrasion did not have significantly different in repair bond strength than Tribosilica coating without silanization (p = 0.70) or with silanization (p = 0.33). Tribosilica coating had significantly higher repair bond strength than Er,CR:YSGG laser without silanization (p < 0.0001) and with silanization (p < 0.0001), and significantly higher repair bond strength than control without silanization (p < 0.0001), but not with silanization (p =0.16). Er,CR:YSGG laser and control did not have significantly different repair bond strength without silanization (p = 1.00) or with silanization (p = 0.11). There was no effect of silanization on repair bond strength overall (p = 0.34) for any of the surface conditioning methods (p = 0.76 for airborne particle abrasion; p = 0.39 for tribosilica coating; p = 1.00 for Er,Cr:YSGG laser, or p = 0.39 for control). Airborne particle abrasion with 50-μm aluminum oxide particle and tribochemical silica coating followed by the application of bonding agent provided the highest shear bond strength values, suggesting that they might be adequate methods to improve the quality of the repairs of resin-matrix composites.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Monomers like triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) leach from dental composites and adhesives due to incomplete polymerization or polymer degradation. The release of these monomers causes a variety of reactions that can lead to cell death. This death can be either necrotic, which is characterized mainly by inflammation and injury to the surrounding tissues, or apoptotic, which elicits little inflammatory responses, if any at all. TEGDMA-induced apoptosis in human pulp has been reported recently. However, the molecular mechanisms and the apoptotic (pro and anti) proteins involved in this process remain unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the apoptotic proteins expressed or suppressed during TEGDMA-induced apoptosis. Human pulp fibroblasts (HPFs) were incubated for 24 hours with different TEGDMA concentrations (0.125-1.0 mM). Cytotoxicity was determined using the cytotoxicity Detection KitPLUS (Roche Applied Science, Mannheim, Germany). TEGDMA was shown to cause cell cytotoxicity at concentrations of 0.50 mM and up. The highest concentration with no significant cytotoxicity was used. Cells were incubated with or without 0.25 mM TEGDMA for 6 h and 24 h. Cell lysates were then prepared and the protein concentrations determined using the Bradford protein assay. A Human Apoptosis Array kit (Bio-Rad Hercules, CA ) was utilized to detect the relative levels of 43 apoptotic proteins. The results of this study showed statistically significant increases of multiple examined pro-apoptotic proteins. The anti-apoptotic proteins were also altered. Pro-apoptotic proteins involved in the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways were increased significantly. The results indicated that TEGDMA has effects on both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / PURPOSE: To assess the long-term effect of a 2% aqueous chlorhexidine (CHX) solution on bond strength to artificially eroded dentin compared to sound dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Flat mid-coronal dentin surfaces of extracted third molars (n = 28) were subjected only to grinding with a 600-grit SiC paper for 1 min (sound dentin S, n = 14) or additionally to erosive pH cycling with a cola-based soft-drink (eroded dentin E, n = 14). After acid etching, rinsing, and air drying, S and E were rehydrated with 1.5 μl of 2% CHX (S2%, n = 7; E2%, n = 7) or of distilled water (control SC, n = 7; EC, n = 7). Composite buildups were incrementally constructed with Filtek Z350 following Adper Single Bond 2 application. Specimens were sectioned into beams, which were subjected to microtensile testing immediately or after 6 or 12 months of aging. Fractured surfaces were observed under a digital microscope (50X magnification). Microtensile bond strength (μTBS) (MPa) was analyzed by three-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = 0.05) and failure mode by the Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Compared to sound dentin, eroded dentin was consistently related to lower μTBS. Immediately and after 12-month aging, the effect of CHX was insignificant, but it was significant after 6-month aging, when it conserved the bond strength to both eroded and sound dentin. The percentage of adhesive and mixed failures were equivalent, and significantly more frequent than cohesive failures, whether in dentin or in composite. CONCLUSION: The 2% CHX effect on bond strength conservation to both eroded and sound dentin was not found to be persistent. / Revisión por pares

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / PURPOSE: To assess the influence of simulated oral erosive/abrasive challenges on the bond strength of an etch-and-rinse two-step bonding system to enamel using an in situ/ex vivo protocol. METHODS: Bovine enamel blocks were prepared and randomly assigned to four groups: CONT - control (no challenge), ABR - 3x/day-1 minute toothbrushing; ERO - 3x/day - 5 minutes extraoral immersion into regular Coca Cola; and ERO+ABR - erosive protocol followed by a 1-minute toothbrushing. Eight blocks were placed into an acrylic palatal appliance for each volunteer (n = 13), who wore the appliance for 5 days. Two blocks were subjected to each of the four challenges. Subsequently, all the blocks were washed with tap water and Adper Single Bond 2/Filtek Z350 were placed. After 24 hours, 1 mm2 beams were obtained from each block to be tested with the microtensile bond strength test (50 N load at 0.5 mm/minute). The data were statistically analyzed by one-way RM-ANOVA and Tukey's tests (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS: No difference was detected among the ABR, ERO, and CONT groups (P > 0.05). ERO+ABR group yielded lower bond strengths than either the ABR and ERO groups (P < 0.0113). / Revisión por pares