Heightened impulsivity and compulsivity are often found in association with both dysfunctional everyday behavior and with psychopathology. Impulsivity and compulsivity are also linked to alterations in behavioral response inhibition and its electrophysiological correlates. However, they are rarely examined jointly and their effect outside of clinical samples is still disputed. This study assesses the influence and interaction of impulsivity and compulsivity as measured by questionnaires (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale, and Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory-Revised) on behavioral performance and event-related potentials (N2, P3a, and P3b) in a visual Go/Nogo task. Data from 250 participants from the general population (49% female; age M = 25.16, SD = 5.07) were collected. We used robust linear regression as well as regression tree analyses, a type of machine learning algorithm, to uncover potential non-linear effects. We did not find any significant relationship between the self-report measures and behavioral or neural inhibition effects in either type of analysis, with the exception of a linear effect of the lack of premeditation subscale of the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale on behavioral performance. The current sample size was large enough to uncover even small effects. One possibility is that inhibitory performance was unimpaired in a non-clinical sample, suggesting that the effect of these personality traits on inhibition and cognitive control may require a clinical sample or a more difficult task version. Further studies are needed to uncover possible associations and interactions to delineate when impulsivity and compulsivity lead to dysfunctional everyday behavior and psychopathology.

La stimulation cérébrale profonde (SCP) est actuellement un traitement efficace pour la maladie de parkinson. Cette approche est maintenant fortement envisagée pour le traitement des addictions. Elle consiste à délivrer des impulsions électriques au sein d’une structure cérébrale : le noyau subthalamique. Nous avons montré dans le noyau subthalamique l’existence de signatures associée à la transition vers l’addiction et la prise compulsive de drogue, ainsi que le potentiel thérapeutique de la SCP pour réduire la consommation pathologique et compulsive de cocaïne chez des rats. Nous avons également montré le contrôle spécifique du noyau subthalamique sur la motivation pour la nourriture sucrée et les drogues d’abus. Dans l’ensemble, cette thèse devrait permettre une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de la SCP, de son potentiel thérapeutique pour les addictions et de ses éventuels effets secondaires. / Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is currently one form of effective treatment for Parkinson’s disease. This approach is currently considered for the treatment of addiction. It consists in the delivery of small electric impulses inside a brain structure: the subthalamic nucleus. We have shown in the subthalamic nucleus the existence of signature associated with the transition to addiction and compulsive drug abuse, as well as the therapeutic potential of DBS to reduce pathological intake and compulsive cocaine abuse in rats. We also established the specific control exerted by the subthalamic nucleus on the motivation for sweet food and drug of abuse. Overall this thesis could allow a better understanding of the mechanisms of DBS, its therapeutic potential in addiction and possible side effects.

Sexmissbruk inom frikyrkan har länge varit ett tabubelagt ämne, präglat av skam och spår från en tid i Sverige då kyrka och stat var tätt sammankopplade och lagar kring utomäktenskapligt sex existerade. År 2022 belystes problemet i en artikel från Dagen, författad av representanter från den kristna stödorganisationen "Starta Om," som uppmanade till förlåtelse för den historiska skambeläggningen. Stigmatiseringen av sexmissbruk har varit en understuderad fråga, där den tidigare forskningen antyder att kristna individer ser pornografi som en beroendeframkallande faktor och en huvudsaklig orsak till sexmissbruk, i motsats till mindre religiösa personer. En studie från 2021 visade även att män med sexmissbruk mötte strängare bedömningar än kvinnor. Syftet med vår studie var att analysera attityder inom frikyrkan kring sexmissbruk, med frågor om förklaringar, förståelse, acceptans samt synen på män och kvinnor i relation till sexmissbruk. Metoden innefattade semistrukturerade intervjuer med ledare inom frikyrkan, där vi använde delar av analysmetoden grundad teori. Resultaten visade att frikyrkan kopplade sexmissbruk till pornografi som både en öppning samt en huvudsaklig orsak. Okunskap, från brist på diskussion om sexmissbruk både inom frikyrkan och samhället i stort, framkom också. Dessutom visade resultaten att kvinnor med sexmissbruk möttes med mindre förståelse än män med samma problem. Vidare indikerade resultaten en skillnad i synen på manligt och kvinnligt sexmissbruk, där män tillskrevs hög sexuell lust medan kvinnor associerades med emotionella problem och möjliga psykiska svårigheter. / Sex addiction within the Swedish free church has historically been a taboo subject, characterized by shame and remnants of a period when the church and the state were closely intertwined with strict laws on extramarital sex. In 2022, the issue gained attention in a Dagen article by representatives from the Christian support organization "Starta Om," advocating forgiveness for the shame-induced stigmatization. The stigmatization of sexual addiction remains a neglected topic, with past research indicating that Christians often view pornography as an addictive factor and a primary cause of sexual addiction, in contrast to less religious individuals. A 2021 study highlighted that men facing sexual addiction encounter harsher judgments than women. Our study aimed to explore the Swedish free church attitudes toward sexual addiction, covering explanations, understanding, acceptance, and perceptions of men and women in relation to this issue. Conducted through semi-structured interviews with church leaders, the results revealed that the free church associated sexual addiction with pornography as both an entry point and a significant cause. The findings also uncovered ignorance resulting from a lack of discourse on sexual addiction within the church and society, with women receiving less understanding than men with the same problem. Moreover, the results hinted at a disparity in the perception of male and female sexual addiction, attributing high sexual desire to men while associating women with emotional and potential mental challenges.