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以往諸多研究兩岸軍事互信機制（Military Confidence-Building Measures, MCBMs），始終糾結於兩岸主權之議題，於是陷入兩岸各自堅持「一中原則」或「九二共識」及「維持現狀」的「非此即彼」胡同中，甚而忽略此問題的癥結是兩岸共同的安全問題。因為兩岸「我執」的關係，於是化約成國家主權而不見，或犧牲全球或次國家社會及群體個人的共同安全利益，故本文主張超越國家主權的思維，以兩岸共同安全為前提，透由第三選擇之安全治理的格局，融入第三者美國或區域國家來共同推動兩岸軍事互信機制，方能突破僵局，共創兩岸安全、穩定與和平。 / Many studies in the past cross-strait Military Confience-Building Measures, always entangled in the issue of cross-strait sovereignty, then caught the two sides adhere to their "one China principle" or the "1992 consensus" and "status quo" in "either-or" alley, and even ignore this the crux of the problem is on both sides of common security problems. Because cross-strait "ego" relationship, so for about a country's sovereignty and not see, or at the expense of common security interests of the global or national community and groups of individuals, therefore we advocate supranational sovereignty of thinking, cross-strait common security as a precondition, through the pattern third choice of security governance, into the United States or other countries in the regin to jointly promote cross-strait Military Confience-Building Measures to break the deadlock and create a cross-strait security, stability and peace.

In the study, Cross-Domain analysis is used for ¡§Factual judgement, Value judgement and Interpersonal judgement.¡¨ The result of Factual judgement is made by the interviews of seven retired officers, scholars and experts. And it proceeds as ¡§true¡¨ judgement. Value judgement is indicated by in-depth intervuews with 3 representatives to obtain the ¡§good¡¨ judgement. Interpersonal judgement is based on overall strategies of the ¡§interactive management research group¡¨ and combines it with the perpectives of all patrties, as individuals and as groups, to conclude the ¡§beautiful¡¨ judgement. All the judgements are correspomded to the analysis of the analysis of the constitution, cognitive and conditions of the research topics. In order to have effective controls of all judgement factors, the interview topics are designed from the study of Mainland China1978 reform, and the rapid economic development, the double digit military spending, and the discussion of ¡§China threat theory¡¨, and the discussion by both sides leaders, academia to establish ¡§Military Confidence Building Measures (MCBMs)¡¨ in the PAM Framemork. The 10 steps of Cross-Domain analysis are used to clarify all studied objects and factors in order to obtain the recognition of experts. The practical policy suggestions are expected. Under PAM Framework, factual judgement perspective, majority of scholars and retired officers agree the necessary to establish ¡§Military Confidence Building Measures (MCBMs)¡¨. However due to the lack of political trust, time is not yet ripe. Retired officers suggest communication through media may solve the obstacles that impacted by the political environment in southern regions. Scholars have proposed that the southern people are affected by their own political inclinaitions, as well as the idea of their supported parties. From non-government exchange to government exchange, the recognition by people can be achieved by understanding the cultural difference and proceed to political and military trust. In vaule judgement, representatives realized the topic is involved in cross-strait relationship, political and military aspect and the uncertainty of policy. Therefore, they all took a more conservative point of view. However, they all agree that MCBMs should be based on the removal of missiles, and follow by the current policy ¡§economy first, political after¡¨ to establish non-government exchange. Due to state of hostility, it is recommended to start from oversea activities such as sea rescue and anti-piracy project. Work from political trust toward military trust. In interpersonal judgemant, a NGT and ISM two stages seminar is held by the ¡§interactive management research group¡¨. The participants voted through a weighted method to conclude 12 specific strategies to establish MCBMs. The strategies are summarized as follow: 1. Removed the missile targeting Taiwan from Mainland China to show the premise of MCBMs. 2. Provide National defense information for each party, to promote cross-strait arms information transparence, and eliminate ideological confrontation. 3. The establishment of cross-strait joint rescue mechanism. 4. The establishment of hotline for leader on both side. 5. The establishment of regular exchange visits of high level military decision makers on both sides. 6. The establishment of cross-strait military information interaction and communication platform. 7. The establishment of oversight system for MCBMs, such as supervised NGO consists of globally well-known and remarkable Cninese accepted by both sides. 8. From civil to government organization to held cross-strait military academic exchange and conference. 9. Showing grace by military budget and arm reduction. 10. Clarify the content of MCBMs. Develop cross-strait affairs negotiators. 11. Signing peace treaty to end hostile confrontation. 12.A nuclear, chemical and biological regulation treaty signed by both sides. In short, use the cross-domain analysis result to study the possibilities and challenges that might happen during the establishment of MCBMs. The following 5 recommendations can be used for future policy execution reference: 1. Strengthen the policy advocacy, public forums and policy discussion to enhance citizens¡¦ identity. 2. Strengthen cross-strait economic and cultural exchanges to relieve hostile condition. 3. Use ¡§1992 Consensus¡¨ as framework to establish political mutual trust. 4. Establish communication platform to eliminate speculations on both sides. 5. Deepen collaborative platform and signed a peace treaty.

Abstract Chinese civil war broke out in 1949. The Nationalist government moved to Taiwan (Chiang Kai-shek regime) and proposed "The legitimate government does not coexist with rebels" and vowed to "retake the mainland China" and also brought up other slogans as well. They also took Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu as counterattack base. Therefore, the tensions of cross-strait relations were at daggers drawn. Our government hasn¡¦t lifted the ban to the mainland China to visit relatives until 1987. In 1992, "Koo-Wang talks" for each session made a significant progress in establishing cooperation premise of the "1992 consensus". Gradually, the cross-strait relations have become moderate, but the regime of the mainland China still doesn¡¦t give up forcing against Taiwan. Since the Ma government took office in 2008, they have devoted to promoting the peaceful progress of cross-strait relations and restarting cross-strait economic cooperation and contact channels for cultural exchanges as well. The government even signed Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) with the mainland China to prevent Taiwan from the Asian market marginalization on June 29, 2010. The new government is actively reflecting on the impasse between the two sides resulting in Taiwan's development of the stagnant status quo and brainstorm for a breakthrough in the Road; on the other hand, continued economic development of the mainland China will make their influence in the global much dramatically. In particular, Chinese President Hu Jin-Tao in Beijing proposed six new advocates to Taiwan to commemorate <Compatriots in Taiwan> in 30th anniversary commemorative meeting on December 31, 2008. The sixth point mentioned that the two sides can explore the establishment of a military security mechanism of mutual trust. They also called for the two sides to include the full range of military and other exchange, and thus achieve the signing of a peace agreement. Owing to the fact that confidence building measures is the process and catalyst for signing a peace agreement with two sides, we can accumulate experiences from cross-strait interaction and establish mutual trust by the confidence building measures. Furthermore, we can lay the foundation for further engaged in peace talks. Consequently, in the turning point of history, it goes without saying that the importance of confidence building measures.

China and India relations changed tremendously after the Cold War. Economic development is the utmost priority at the end of the Cold War, deriving from recognition that international competition is shifting from military confrontation to overall economic, scientific, and technological capabilities. Therefore, the two countries appeared to recognize the futility of confrontation, and moves to rebuild confidence proceeded apace. With an emphasis on seeking co-operation in other areas of mutual benefit, both sides agreed to break the impasse on the boundary question and to maintain peace and stability along the Line of Actual Control (LAC). This positive spirit was reflected in the signing of Confidence-building measures (CBMs) and Trade Protocol which helped develop better mutual understanding. But India feels uneasy to observe China's rising economic and military capability across East Asia, because the 1962 War had cast long shadows in their elite¡¦s memory. New Delhi is concerned about China¡¦s assistance to Pakistan¡¦s nuclear and missile program, and offer military weapons to Sri Lanka, Nepal and Myanmar by far. New Delhi has always viewed any China, Pakistan and Myanmar¡¦s relationship as a scheme to strangle or restraint India¡¦s strategic throughout the Indian Ocean. Thus India drive for defense modernization focuses on strategic forces, especially its acquisition of certain high-profile naval ships and systems, and prepared to assert its interests to counter the rise in Chinese interest there. Moreover, India spreads China threat when China rising across East Asia that reinforced the worry of China¡¦s neighbors about China¡¦s power spread through their countries. It is obvious that one of the reasons why ASEAN was keen to bring India into the regional affairs was the concern with China. Therefore, India proceeds to more bilateral exchanges and boost economic, even military exercises with each Southeast Asian country. Furthermore, Indian continued hosting of the Tibetan government in exile to counter China support of the Pakistan. The study focuses on : India and China, the two most populous nations on earth, how these two emerging great powers manage their cooperation and competition in the coming years will have a major impact on regional security. The purpose of this research is from the perspective realism of geopolitics approach to analyze the factors of Sino-Indian competition and cooperation, as well as analysis the two countries historical conflict and evolution toward potential cooperation and quiet competition currently.

Spartėjant globalizacijos procesams, formuojasi atviros rinkos ir jose stiprėja konkurencija. Pasitikėjimas organizacija ir geras organizacijos įvaizdis tampa vienas esminių veiksnių, padedančių konkuruoti rinkoje. Sėkmingas organizacijos tikslų siekimas priklauso nuo visuomenės nuomonės apie ją. Visuomenės nuomonei formuoti pasitelkiama tikslingai nukreipta veikla, vadinama ryšiais su visuomene. Pagrindinės sąvokos, apibūdinančios ryšius su visuomene, yra patikimumas, pasitikėjimas, komunikacija bei abipusio supratimo siekimas. Ryšiai su visuomene yra vienas iš būdų, kuriais visuomenė prisitaiko prie pokyčių ir juos priima, suderina skirtingus ir konfliktuojančius požiūrius, vertybes, idėjas, institucijas ir individus. Ryšių su visuomene technologijos bei organizacijų įvaizdžio formavimo metodai aprašyti marketingo, komunikacijos ir kitų specialistų, tačiau praktinis jų pritaikymas analizuotas mažai. Taigi atsižvelgiant į problemos aktualumą, šiame darbe bus nagrinėjamos teorinės ryšių su visuomene veiklos priemonės bei analizuojamas jų praktinis taikymas pelno ir nepelno organizacijose. / Facing the rapidity of globalization processes, open markets form and competition increases. The trust of an organization and good image of an organization becomes one of the main factors, which helps to compete in the market. Successful pursuit of the aims of an organization depends on the public opinion. In order to form the opinion of the public, purposefully targeted activities are invoked named as the public relations. The main concepts, defining the public relations are credibility, trust, communication and endeavour for mutual understanding. The public relations is one of the means by which the society adapts to the changes and accepts them, coordinates different and feuding approaches, values, ideas and individuals. The technologies of the public relations and methods of image formation of an organization are described by the professionals of marketing, communications and other areas; however, their practical application is little analyzed. Therefore, considering the relevance of the question, theoretical means of the public relations activities shall be examined, and their application in profit and non-profit organizations shall be analyzed.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Miami University, Dept. of Political Science, 2004. / Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 203-225).

<p>Det är ofta man får höra och läsa om att barn och ungdomar ses som ett problem i samhället utifrån deras handlingar och beteende.  Under de senaste åren har ungdomsorganisationer ökat i antal vilket har gjort att ungdomarna har fler ställen att gå till och tillbringa sin lediga tid på.</p><p>Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka några ungdomsorganisationer genom att intervjua anställda inom organisationerna och på så sätt få en uppfattning om deras syn på arbetet, filosofin och utvecklingen i organisationen.</p><p>De teorier vi har valt att använda oss av i vårt arbete är human resource management (organisations uppbyggnad), grupp processer samt samspel inom relationella perspektiv. För att på bästa sätt kunna undersöka det har vi valt att utgå från kvalitativa intervjuer på grund av vår undersökning präglas av de anställdas känslor och tankar som är svåra att beräkna i kvantitativa undersökningar.</p><p>Det vi fått fram under vår tid med uppsatsen är att samarbete mellan organisationer är något som uppskattas och visar en framgång i arbetet med barn och ungdomar. Där det brister i de organisationer vi varit ute på är i den ekonomiska delen som till exempel visar sig i för få anställda. Det positiva är att man ständigt ser en positiv utveckling inom ungdomsorganisationerna som i sin tur påverkar samhället</p> / <p>It is often we hear and read about the children and young people are seen as a problem in society based on their actions and behavior. In recent years youth organizations have increased in number which has led to that the young people have more places to go and spend their leisure time on.</p><p> The aim of this work is to investigate some youth organizations by interviewing employees in organizations and thus get an idea of their approach to work, philosophy and development of the organization.</p><p>The theories we have chosen to avail ourselves of our work is human resource management (organizational structure), group processes and interactions within the relational perspective. To best way to explore it, we have chosen to rely on qualitative interviews as a result of our investigation is marked by the employees' feelings and thoughts that are difficult to calculate in quantitative studies.</p><p>What we come up during our time with the essay is that collaboration between organizations is appreciated and shows a success in work with children and adolescents. There are weaknesses in the organizations we have been looking at, and it is the economic aspect such as is found in too few employees.  The good thing is that you always see a positive development in youth organizations, which in turn affects society.</p>

Det är ofta man får höra och läsa om att barn och ungdomar ses som ett problem i samhället utifrån deras handlingar och beteende.  Under de senaste åren har ungdomsorganisationer ökat i antal vilket har gjort att ungdomarna har fler ställen att gå till och tillbringa sin lediga tid på. Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka några ungdomsorganisationer genom att intervjua anställda inom organisationerna och på så sätt få en uppfattning om deras syn på arbetet, filosofin och utvecklingen i organisationen. De teorier vi har valt att använda oss av i vårt arbete är human resource management (organisations uppbyggnad), grupp processer samt samspel inom relationella perspektiv. För att på bästa sätt kunna undersöka det har vi valt att utgå från kvalitativa intervjuer på grund av vår undersökning präglas av de anställdas känslor och tankar som är svåra att beräkna i kvantitativa undersökningar. Det vi fått fram under vår tid med uppsatsen är att samarbete mellan organisationer är något som uppskattas och visar en framgång i arbetet med barn och ungdomar. Där det brister i de organisationer vi varit ute på är i den ekonomiska delen som till exempel visar sig i för få anställda. Det positiva är att man ständigt ser en positiv utveckling inom ungdomsorganisationerna som i sin tur påverkar samhället / It is often we hear and read about the children and young people are seen as a problem in society based on their actions and behavior. In recent years youth organizations have increased in number which has led to that the young people have more places to go and spend their leisure time on.  The aim of this work is to investigate some youth organizations by interviewing employees in organizations and thus get an idea of their approach to work, philosophy and development of the organization. The theories we have chosen to avail ourselves of our work is human resource management (organizational structure), group processes and interactions within the relational perspective. To best way to explore it, we have chosen to rely on qualitative interviews as a result of our investigation is marked by the employees' feelings and thoughts that are difficult to calculate in quantitative studies. What we come up during our time with the essay is that collaboration between organizations is appreciated and shows a success in work with children and adolescents. There are weaknesses in the organizations we have been looking at, and it is the economic aspect such as is found in too few employees.  The good thing is that you always see a positive development in youth organizations, which in turn affects society.

This research project studies the military exchanges between the United States and People's Republic of China. US-PRC relations have experienced uneven developments over the last decadeas the two major powers have grappled with the evolving post-Cold War international security Environment as well as shifting domestic agendas and foreign policy priorities. While the October 2002 Crawford summit between Presidents Bush and Jiang, and the resumption of the Defense Consultation Talks in December 2002 offer the prospect for restoring bilateral military exchanges. For a more stable bilateral military relationship to develop and be sustained, longer-term strategies must be formulated that emphasize engagement, exchanges, and better understanding of each other's common interests, priorities, and policy options. Among the key features of this relationship are high-level exchange visits of defense ministers and military leaders; confidence-building measures, including the Military Maritime Consultative Agreement, annual Defense Consultation Talks, and port visits; and regular contacts at the functional level between the two countries' national defense universities and military academies. The EP-3 incident raised the importance of China in the Bush Administration's immediate policy agenda. The resolution of the incident has pointed to the need for dialogue. The 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks provided additional impetuses for rebuilding the bilateral relationship, including efforts to restore military-to-military exchanges.