Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:54:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Barbosa Morais.pdf: 2217506 bytes, checksum: 42dfb2afb5e35c9eadffdd32c9016771 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-18 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / La thèse parle de l histoire de la cocaïne dans la ville de Benjamin Constant (Brésil, État de l Amazonas) ; il y est question de la manifestation du pouvoir écologique qui est en rapport avec la politique de la cocaïne et aussi celles de la discipline et de la biopolotique. Les trois modalités de pouvoir sont attachés les uns aux autres dans le quadre d une politique planetaire des ressources naturelles, appellée gouvernementalité de l Amazonie. Celle-ci représente un nouveau sujet historique sous la forme d un pouvoir global, agissant surtout dans la dimention planetaire de la politique avec la prétention de controler et regulamenter l humannité mediant la raison écologique. Cette raison, elle s est été constituée au cours des processus d extension et d occupation des économies du cautchouc, du bois et de la cocaïne. Associées aux formes globale et locaux, ces régimes ont dessiné une politique mondiale de l environnement, conduite par des brésiliens, des colombiens et péruviens, parmi d autres, desquels les actes ont impact sur les villes de Benjamin Constant et Tabatinga, au Brésil, et Leticia, en Colombie. Ces villes sont vues comme dispositifs de l État ayant pour fonction de donner à l exploitation de la Coca un caractére institutionel. Avec le trafique, on fait les exchanges de l Amazonie au marché international de drogues. Sur les territoires Solimoes-Maranon, Içá-Putumaio, Japura-Caqueta et, au plus recent, le Val du Javari et le territoire de Loretto, les plantations de Coca avance vers l Amazonie brésilienne. À cause de cela, les huttes de farine du manioc se sont tournées en laboratoire de pate de cocaïne. En contrepartie, les taux de criminalité associées au trafique sont plus baisses que celles de la violence contre les femmes, dans la région, et aussi moindre que celles des cambriolages et des vols et mêmes celles des attaques à main levée. À propos des tendances de la criminalité, tout mène à croire que depuis des années 1980 le plus marqué parmi des périodes aux années 2003-2013, il est en train d avoir une espèce de banalisation de l usage de la cocaïne, ce que n explique plus la dépendance chimique, crée, au passé, par le pouvoir des disciplines et des biopolotiques. La banalisation de la cocaïne est corrélatif au désenchantement du monde, de l appareil policier-pénal et de la législation de la drogue / A presente tese trata da manifestação do poder na história da cocaína na cidade de Benjamin Constant, marca pela manifestação do poder ecológico relacionado à política da matéria-prima da cocaína, em conjunto com a política da disciplina e da biopolítica. Os três tipos de poder estão correlacionados em torno de uma política planetária dos recursos da Amazônia, chamada de governamentalidade da natureza, que representa um novo sujeito histórico na forma de um poder global, com predominância para a política planetária com pretensões de controlar e regular a humanidade através da racionalidade ecológica, constituída no processo de expansão e ocupação da economia da borracha, da madeira e da cocaína, correlacionada com as formas do global e com as formas do local, formatou-se em uma política ambiental mundial, através da presença do que podemos chamar de brasileiros, colombianos e peruanos entre outros, com incidência para a realidade da cidade de Benjamim Constant e com os fluxos com Letícia e Tabatinga. A institucionalização dessas cidades pelo dispositivo do Estado é correlata à institucionalização do extrativismo de coca cujo tráfico faz o intercâmbio entre a cocaína amazônica e o mercado internacional das drogas. O território Solimões-Marañon, Içá-Putumaio e o Japurá-Caquetá, mais recente o Vale do Javari e o território de Loreto a plantação da coca avança em direção da Amazônia brasileira, transformando casas de farinha em laboratório de pasta de cocaína, em contra partida, o índice do crime de tráfico de cocaína local está abaixo da violência contra a mulher, abaixo da soma dos roubos e dos furtos e perdendo forças para o assalto à mão-armada, tendência da criminalidade recente, pelo que tudo indica dos anos 80, período áureo, aos anos 2009-2013 está havendo uma banalização da cocaína, que não responde pela dependência química, outrora criada pelo poder das disciplinas e das biopolíticas. A banalização da cocaína é um correlato do desencantamento do mundo do aparelho policial-penal e da legislação dos tóxicos

Cholera is an epidemic infectious diarrhoeal disease that for centuries has proven its frightening ability to cause rapid and widespread loss of human life. All symptoms associated with cholera are a result of rapid dehydration due to infection by pathogenic strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The damaging effects associated with cholera are mainly attributed to the toxin, which is secreted by the bacterium and infects cells lining the gastrointestinal tract. A sialidase, also secreted by the bacterium, is believed to facilitate toxin uptake by the gastrointestinal epithelium. V. cholerae sialidase is therefore a potential target for therapeutic intervention. A survey of the literature reveals that sialidases from different species share common features with respect to their structure, substrate specificity and catalytic mechanism. The unsaturated sialic acid, Neu5Ac2en, inhibits most exosialidases with a dissociation constant of inhibitor of -10-4 to-10-6 M and has frequently been used as a template in the design of more potent sialidase inhibitors. In the case of V. cholerae sialidase, there have been no inhibitors reported to date that are significantly more potent than Neu5Ac2en itself The present research aimed to develop a range of mimics of Neu5Ac2en, which contain various substituents to replace the C-6 glycerol side chain, as potential inhibitors of V cholerae sialidase. The x-ray crystal structure of V cholerae sialidase was used to explore potential interactions between active site residues and C-6 modified Neu5Ac2en mimetics of known inhibitory potency. Opportunities for interactions within the glycerol side chain pocket in the active site of V cholerae sialidase are discussed. A novel synthetic strategy was developed for the synthesis of a series of glucuronidebased Neu5Ac2en mimetics starting from readily available GIcNAc. This approach was employed for the preparation of Neu5Ac2en mimetics that contained an ether or thioether substituent as replacement of the glycerol side chain of Neu5Ac2en. Progress was also made towards the synthesis of a series of C-6 acylamino Neu5Ac2en mimetics. Analysis by 1H NMR spectroscopy showed that the acylamino derivatives adopted a half-chair conformation that was similar to the conformation of Neu5Ac2en but different to the conformation adopted by the ether and thioether derivatives prepared. The inhibitory activity of the C-6 ether and thioether Neu5Ac2en mimetics prepared was evaluated in vitro using an enzyme assay. It was found that most of the derivatives inhibited V. cholerae sialidase with a K1 of approximately 1O-4 M. The derivatives containing a hydrophobic side chain were found to be slightly more potent compared to derivatives with more hydrophilic side chains. A more detailed study of binding interactions between the C-6 thioether Neu5Ac2en mimetics and V cholerae sialdiase was carried out using STD 1H NMR spectroscopy and computational molecular modelling.

<p>This thesis is performed at Saab Bofors Dynamics in Karlskoga and investigates a technique for ranging with laser pulses. The investigated technique is called Constant Fraction Detection (CFD). Described briefly, the received laser pulse is split into two equal parts, where one part is delayed half the pulse width and inverted. This signal is added to the original pulse. The resulting curve has the shape of a laying S and the detection of the zero level is used to stop the time measurement. The time measurement will be independent of the incoming signal’s amplitude. The CFD technique has the advantage of collecting accurate data for each send pulse, which results in an ability to collect values of measurement with a high frequency. The theses investigates a measurement frequency of 10 kHz that will give an opportunity to implement a scanning function with the possibility to, for example, reproduce a ground structure from a flying object. </p><p>The theses include both digital and analog electronics, which makes it a complex design task. The detector was constructed using analog circuits, from the signal processing of the incoming reflected pulse to the generation of a voltage level as a representation of the distance. The analog part is controlled by digital signals generated by a FPGA, which also performs calculations to convert the voltage level into a distance displayed on a LCD. </p><p>A large part of the work was dedicated to designing a layout and constructing a surface mounted printed circuit board (PCB) and therefor the report treats the whole development process, from technical requirement to construction and verification of a prototype. </p><p>The conclusion states that the CFD technique is a suitable technique for ranging with demands on fast collection of data. The prototype has sufficient accuracy at constant amplitude and was at the time of presentation shown as a prototype for demonstration. The independence of amplitude on the incoming signal was never accomplished and the reason for this is stated in the report. However, further development should solve the problem.</p>

This thesis investigates the various techniques to achieve large time constants and the ultimate limitations therein. A novel circuit technique for the realization of large time constants for high pass corners in switched-capacitor filters is also proposed and compared with existing techniques. The switched-capacitor technique is insensitive to parasitic capacitances and is area efficient and it requires only two clock phases. The circuit is used to build a typical switched-capacitor front end with a gain of 10. The low pass corner is fixed at 200 Hz. The high pass corner is varied from 0.159Hz to 4 Hz and various performance parameters, such as power consumption, silicon area etc., are compared with conventional techniques and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique are demonstrated. The front-ends are fully differential and are chopper stabilized to protect against DC offsets and 1/f noise. The front-end is implemented in AMI0.6um technology with a supply voltage of 1.6V and all transistors operate in weak inversion with currents in the range of tens of nano-amperes.

No description available.

This thesis is performed at Saab Bofors Dynamics in Karlskoga and investigates a technique for ranging with laser pulses. The investigated technique is called Constant Fraction Detection (CFD). Described briefly, the received laser pulse is split into two equal parts, where one part is delayed half the pulse width and inverted. This signal is added to the original pulse. The resulting curve has the shape of a laying S and the detection of the zero level is used to stop the time measurement. The time measurement will be independent of the incoming signal’s amplitude. The CFD technique has the advantage of collecting accurate data for each send pulse, which results in an ability to collect values of measurement with a high frequency. The theses investigates a measurement frequency of 10 kHz that will give an opportunity to implement a scanning function with the possibility to, for example, reproduce a ground structure from a flying object. The theses include both digital and analog electronics, which makes it a complex design task. The detector was constructed using analog circuits, from the signal processing of the incoming reflected pulse to the generation of a voltage level as a representation of the distance. The analog part is controlled by digital signals generated by a FPGA, which also performs calculations to convert the voltage level into a distance displayed on a LCD. A large part of the work was dedicated to designing a layout and constructing a surface mounted printed circuit board (PCB) and therefor the report treats the whole development process, from technical requirement to construction and verification of a prototype. The conclusion states that the CFD technique is a suitable technique for ranging with demands on fast collection of data. The prototype has sufficient accuracy at constant amplitude and was at the time of presentation shown as a prototype for demonstration. The independence of amplitude on the incoming signal was never accomplished and the reason for this is stated in the report. However, further development should solve the problem.

High performance, energy efficient logic style has always been a popular research topic in the field of very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits because of the continuous demands of ever increasing circuit operating frequency. The invention of the dynamic logic in the 80s is one of the answers to this request as it allows designers to implement high performance circuit block, i.e., arithmetic logic unit (ALU), at an operating frequency that traditional static and pass transistor CMOS logic styles are difficult to achieve. However, the performance enhancement comes with several costs, including reduced noise margin,charge-sharing noise, and higher power dissipation due to higher data activity. Furthermore, dynamic logic has gradually lost its performance advantage over static logic due to the increased self-loading ratio in deep-submicron technology (65nm and below) because of the additional NMOS CLK footer transistor. Because of dynamic logic's limitations and diminished speed reward, a slowly rising need has emerged in the past decade to explore new logic style that goes beyond dynamic logic. In this thesis a constant delay (CD) logic style is proposed. The constant delay characteristic of this logic style regardless of the logic expression makes it suitable in implementing complicated logic expression such as addition. Moreover, CD logic exhibits a unique characteristic where the output is pre-evaluated before the inputs from the preceding stage is ready. This feature enables performance advantage over static and dynamic logic styles in a single cycle, multi-stage circuit block. Several design considerations including appropriate timing window width adjustment to reduce power consumption and maintain sufficient noise margin to ensure robust operations are discussed and analyzed. Using 65nm general purpose CMOS technology, the proposed logic demonstrates an average speed up of 94% and 56% over static and dynamic logic respectively in five different logic expressions. Post layout simulation results of 8-bit ripple carry adders conclude that CD-based design is 39% and 23% faster than the static and dynamic-based adders respectively. For ultra-high speed applications, CD-based design exhibits improved energy, power-delay product, and energy-delay product efficiency compared to static and dynamic counterparts.

In 1970,China carry out economic reform policy, development export-oriented agriculture, because of having the advantage of low-cost labor and land resource, loosen economic control and attract foreign capital investment gradually. In 1980, Taiwan entrepreneur start to investment agriculture related industry in China, and to bring in technology improved seed. but reviews the home, because environmental consciousness, the factory moves gradually toward the Southeast Asian country and China.Comparatively speaking, our country competitive power has the drop tendency. Separately, Taiwan and China joined one after another in WTO about in 2002, affect product wish of our country farmer because possible the low price to rob the market. We discuss bilateral in international market sales situation, the export market comparison from the Taiwan ten main aquatic products, the result discovered that the Taiwan most aquatic products all substitute by China, the government must propose in accordance to the plan and achieves the industry to continue forever to manage.

We study the properties of m-plane GaN structure on LiAlO 2 substrate grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy (PAMBE). Lattice parameters of LiAlO 2 are close to GaN, the interface between LiAlO 2 and GaN showed a good lattice matching. Low lattice mismatch can reduce the defect generation, improve crystal quality. However, lattice mismatch still exist, more or less density of defect still can be observed. The density of defect was reduced in the sample at high temperature. In this study, we investigate GaN on LiAlO 2 by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), photoluminescence (PL) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for different growth temperatures.

This thesis consists of two topics: A 2.45 GHz ZigBee Receiver Frontend design for home energy-saving systems and a Delta-Sigma ADC with constant-gm amplifier for Battery Management Systems (BMS). A 2.45 GHz ZigBee Receiver Frontend for home energy-saving systems is pre-sented in the first part of this thesis. The proposed ZigBee receiver can be used in areas where wireline solutions are hard to be realized. By employing an LNA at the very frontend of the receiver, the gain is simulated to be 17.376 dB at 2.45 GHz. Besides, by using the double-balanced Gilbert mixer with a current bleeding MOS transistor, the NF and the IIP3 of the mixer are only 5.074 dB and -7.234 dB, respectively. To reduce the phase noise of the receiver, a fractional-N frequency synthesizer with a complementary cross-coupled VCO is adopted. The phase noise of the fractional-N frequency synthe-sizer is 137.7 dBc/Hz. The proposed circuit is carried out and measured on silicon using the standard TSMC 0.18 £gm CMOS process. In the second topic, a Delta-Sigma ADC with constant-gm amplifier is presented. The proposed ADC is particularly designed for the voltage detection circuit in BMS. A constant-gm amplifier is also presented to resolve the nonlinearity of the amplifier de-grading the performance of Delta-Sigma modulator, which is the frontend of the Del-ta-Sigma ADC. With the 4 KHz signal bandwidth, 512 KHz sampling frequency, and 128 oversampling rate, it shows a 85.2 dB SNR, and 12-bit resolution. The backend of the ADC is the decimator, which reduces the sampling frequency compliant with the Nyquist rate rule. The decimator is realized by Verilog code and verified by FPGA. By following the mixed-signal flow, the ADC is realized on a single chip using the standard TSMC 0.25 £gm 60V HV CMOS process.