Wood wastes are mainly originated from forestry, wood industry and construction and demolition sites activities. Among them, three types of wood waste can be identified: untreated wood waste (raw wood considered as biomass), slightly treated wood wastes (issued from coating or gluing treatments) and highly treated wood wastes (issued from impregnation treatments with CCA and creosote, and considered as hazardous wastes).  According to the regulation, management of wastes in Europe is oriented towards more recycling and less elimination. However, among the French requirements, three main trends can be observed in regards of wood waste recovery: only treated wood wastes can be recovered in combustion units, no extensive technologies are allowed to recover highly treated wood wastes, which must then be eliminated by incineration, and slightly treated wood wastes can be either recovered as particle boards or eliminated.  However, in this context, the amount of wood wastes from construction and demolition sites reach 7 million of tons in France. Among them, 5% correspond to raw wood, and 25% are slightly treated. The high combustion potential of wood wastes is moreover an opportunity to replace conventional fuel used in combustion units.  The four main methods used to treat wood wastes are recycling as particleboards, combustion, incineration and land filling. Due to the various typologies of wood wastes, a conditioning step is needed before recovery. Then, if combustion seems to present advantages because of its neutral carbon impact, life cycle analysis demonstrates that emissions of other pollutants are observed. In addition, it is proved that controlled elimination methods are less impacting than unequipped recovery ones. Recycling is then not always the best practice in regards of the impacts considered in the study.  Competition among the different methods treatment and low prices of wood wastes are specific economical aspects that could influence the development of the field. Moreover, the increasing acceptance of people for recovery and local waste treatment methods, as well as the need for energetically independency are factors that can likely promote wood waste derived fuel. These driving forces are evolving in a very rapid way. Regulation is moving towards implementation of standards to promote the development of slightly treated wood waste derived fuel. Technological and social improvement such as sorting at source, and the development of end of pipe treatment methods are also likely to have positive effects.  An integrated solution to develop wood waste derived fuel would be to implement strong financial incentives in favour of clean technologies for wood wastes recovery methods. This enhancement could then be the mean to answer the double challenge of wood waste treatment and fossil fuel replacement.  Wood wastes are mainly originated from forestry, wood industry and construction and demolition sites activities. Among them, three types of wood waste can be identified: untreated wood waste (raw wood considered as biomass), slightly treated wood wastes (issued from coating or gluing treatments) and highly treated wood wastes (issued from impregnation treatments with CCA and creosote, and considered as hazardous wastes).  According to the regulation, management of wastes in Europe is oriented towards more recycling and less elimination. However, among the French requirements, three main trends can be observed in regards of wood waste recovery: only treated wood wastes can be recovered in combustion units, no extensive technologies are allowed to recover highly treated wood wastes, which must then be eliminated by incineration, and slightly treated wood wastes can be either recovered as particle boards or eliminated.  However, in this context, the amount of wood wastes from construction and demolition sites reach 7 million of tons in France. Among them, 5% correspond to raw wood, and 25% are slightly treated. The high combustion potential of wood wastes is moreover an opportunity to replace conventional fuel used in combustion units.  The four main methods used to treat wood wastes are recycling as particleboards, combustion, incineration and land filling. Due to the various typologies of wood wastes, a conditioning step is needed before recovery. Then, if combustion seems to present advantages because of its neutral carbon impact, life cycle analysis demonstrates that emissions of other pollutants are observed. In addition, it is proved that controlled elimination methods are less impacting than unequipped recovery ones. Recycling is then not always the best practice in regards of the impacts considered in the study.  Competition among the different methods treatment and low prices of wood wastes are specific economical aspects that could influence the development of the field. Moreover, the increasing acceptance of people for recovery and local waste treatment methods, as well as the need for energetically independency are factors that can likely promote wood waste derived fuel. These driving forces are evolving in a very rapid way. Regulation is moving towards implementation of standards to promote the development of slightly treated wood waste derived fuel. Technological and social improvement such as sorting at source, and the development of end of pipe treatment methods are also likely to have positive effects.  An integrated solution to develop wood waste derived fuel would be to implement strong financial incentives in favour of clean technologies for wood wastes recovery methods. This enhancement could then be the mean to answer the double challenge of wood waste treatment and fossil fuel replacement. / Träavfall kommer från skogsbruk, trä‐ och byggbranschen och rivningsplatser. Bland dem kan tre typer av träavfall identifieras: obehandlat träavfall (obehandlat trä betraktas som biomassa), lätt behandlat träavfall (från beläggning eller limning) och högbehandlat träavfall (från impregnering med CCA och kreosot, betraktas som farligt avfall). Enligt avfallsförordningen, är hantering av avfall i Europa inriktad mer mot återvinning och mindre mot eliminering. Bland de franska kraven, kan tre huvudsakliga tendenser iakttas för återvinning av träavfall: endast behandlat avfall kan behandlas i förbränningsanläggningar för energiutvinning, högbehandlat träavfall måste elimineras genom förbränning och lätt behandlat avfall kan antingen återvinnas som spånskivor eller elimineras. I detta sammanhang uppgår mängden träavfall från bygg‐ och rivningsplatser till 7 miljoner ton i Frankrike. Bland dem, motsvarar 5% obehandlat trä, och 25% är lätt behandlat. Den höga förbränningspotentialen för träavfall ger dessutom en möjlighet att ersätta konventionellt bränsle som används i förbränningsanläggningar. De fyra huvudsakliga metoder som används för att behandla träavfall är återvinning i spånskivor, förbränning med energiutvinning, förbränning och deponering. På grund av olika typer av träavfall, krävs ett konditioneringsteg innan återvinning. Även om förbränningen är fördelaktigt på grund av sitt neutrala kol, visar livscykelanalyser utsläpp av andra föroreningar. Dessutom visas att kontrollerade elimineringsmetoder har mindre miljöpåverkar än återvinningsmetoder som ej har rätt utrustning. Återvinning är alltså inte alltid att föredra om man beaktar de effekter som gjorts vid denna undersökningen. Konkurrensen mellan olika behandlingsmetoder och låga priser på träavfall är specifika ekonomiska aspekter som skulle kunna påverka utvecklingen inom området. Dessutom, den ökande acceptansen av människor för återvinning och lokala avfallshanteringsmetoder, liksom behovet av inhemska energikällor är faktorer som sannolikt kan främja bränsle från träavfall. Dessa drivkrafter utvecklas på ett mycket snabbt sätt. Avfallsförordningen är på väg mot införandet av standarder för att främja utvecklingen av lätt behandlat träavfalls bränsle. Tekniska och sociala förbättringar, exempelvis källsortering och utveckling av återvinningsmetoder ger också sannolikt positiva effekter. En integrerad lösning för att utveckla bränsle från träavfall skulle vara att genomföra starka ekonomiska incitament till förmån för ren teknik för återvinning av träavfall. Den här förbättringen kan sedan vara ett medel att anta den dubbla utmaningen av hantering av träavfall och ersättning av fossila bränslen.

Sammanfattning Medvetenheten kring miljöfrågor har i samhället växt sig stark, men fortfarande påverkas klimatet i stor utsträckning. Dessvärre finns det flera aspekter som påverkar att företag och människor inte har möjlighet att agera utefter vad som är bäst för klimatet. I uppsatsen utgår det teoretiska materialet från byggbranschen, då branschen tillför en tredjedel av Sveriges totala avfallsmängd. Ämnet cirkulär ekonomi har genom åren blivit mer aktuellt inom såväl politik, EU och företag. Arbetet med cirkulära ekonomi kan minska miljöpåverkan genom att sluta kretsloppet och minska resursanvändningen. Uppsatsen identifierar de utmaningar och drivkrafter som aktörerna inom byggbranschen ser med cirkulär ekonomi. Det empiriska materialet utgörs av lokala företag. Utöver utmaningarna och drivkrafterna studeras en intressant gren som ännu inte är speciellt utforskad. Det handlar om hållbar design, som är en del av den cirkulära ekonomin, och hur denna del kan minimera avfallsmängden genom att sluta kretsloppet. Syfte Syftet med uppsatsen är att belysa ämnet kring cirkulär ekonomi, genom att analysera drivkrafterna och utmaningarna som aktörerna upplever. Dessutom studeras hur hållbar design kan minska avfallsmängden inom byggbranschen. Metod En intervjustudie har genomförts med kvalitativ karaktär. Genom sex semistrukturerade intervjuer har det empiriska materialet samlats in digitalt samt på arbetsplatser. Empirin grundas på respondenternas kunskap och erfarenheter, och har varit relevant för att besvara forskningsfrågorna. / Abstract The awareness of environmental issues has increased a lot in society, but the climate is still affected to a large extent. Unfortunately, there are several aspects that affect that companies and people do not have the opportunity to act according to what is best for the climate. In the study, the theoretical material is based on the construction industry, since the industry contributes a third of Sweden's total amount of waste. Over the years, the subject of circular economy has become more current within politics, the EU and companies. Working with circular economy can reduce the environmental impact by closing the cycle and reducing the use of resources. The study identifies the challenges and driving forces that the actors in the construction industry experience with circular economy. The empirical material consists of local companies. In addition to the challenges and driving forces, an interesting section is studied that has not yet been particularly explored. It is sustainable design, which is a section in the circular economy, and the study analyzes how this section can minimize the amount of waste by closing the loop. Purpose The purpose of the study is to illuminate the topic of circular economy, by analyzing the driving forces and challenges experienced by the actors. In addition, how sustainable design can reduce the amount of waste in the construction industry is studied. Methodology An interview study has been conducted with qualitative character. Through six semistructured interviews, the empirical material has been collected digitally and at workplaces. The empirical data is based on the respondent’s knowledge and experience and has been relevant to answer the research questions.

Emissions of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from construction and demolition (C & D) landfills can result in odors that are a significant nuisance to nearby neighborhoods and businesses. As Florida’s population continues to grow and create development pressures, housing is built closer to existing landfills. Additionally, new landfills will be created in the future. This research project was undertaken to develop a detailed modeling methodology for use by counties and other landfill owners to provide them with an objective and scientifically defensible means to establish odor buffer zones around C & D landfills. A technique for estimating methane (and odorous gas) emissions from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills was recently developed by researchers at the University of Central Florida. This technique was based on measuring hundreds of ambient methane concentrations near the surface of the landfill, and combining that data with matrix inversion mathematics to back-solve the dispersion equations. The technique was fully documented in two peer-reviewed journal articles. This project extends that methodology. In this work the author measured ambient H2S concentrations at various locations in a C & D landfill, and applied those same matrix inversion techniques to determine the H2S emission rates from the landfill. The emission rates were then input into the AERMOD dispersion model to determine H2S odor buffer distances around the landfill. Three sampling trips to one C & D landfill were undertaken, data were taken, and the modeling techniques were applied. One problem encountered was that H2S emissions from C & D landfills are typically about 1000 times smaller than methane emissions (from MSW landfills). Thus, H2S iv ambient concentrations often are near the detection limits of the instruments, and the data may not be as reliable. However, this approach could be used for any particular C & D landfill if the appropriate amount of data were available to characterize its emissions with some certainty. The graphical tool developed in this work shows isopleths of "H2S" concentrations at various distances, and color codes the isopleths into a "green-yellow-red" scheme (analogous to a traffic signal) that depicts zones where private landowners likely will not detect odors, where they may experience some odors, or where they likely will experience odors. The "likelihood" can be quantified by selecting the Nth highest hourly concentrations in one year to form the plot. In this study, N was conservatively selected as 8. Requiring that concentrations be at or below the 8 th highest concentration in a year corresponds to a 99.9% probability of not exceeding that concentration at that distance in any future year. The graphical tool can be applied to any C & D landfill but each landfill is different. So this technique depends on having a fairly good estimate of the rate of emissions of H2S from the landfill in question, and at least one year’s worth of hourly meteorological data (wind speed, direction, and stability class) that is representative of the landfill location. The meteorological data can be obtained with relative ease for most locations in Florida; however, the emission data must be obtained from on-site measurements for any given landfill.

The focus of the project is recycling of the insulation material mineral wool. The aim is to investigate the potential of using post-consumer wool from landfill as fiber reinforcement in a polymer matrix. Information gathering is conducted by a literature study on previous research, with focus on sustainability, circular economy and waste management. Potential is evaluated by producing test specimens, test mechanical properties with tensile and flexural tests, and conducting a life cycle assessment and economic analysis of the material. Mechanical properties of interest in this study are maximum stress and stiffness. The conclusion is that the manufacturing methods selected in the project do not achieve sufficient quality in the material to determine whether the fibers have the desired effect. Rock wool fibers do blend well with both polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), but polymer composites with short fibers require control of fiber length, dispersion and direction, and the material needs to be free of pores which has not been achieved at this stage. As a result, unreinforced HDPE performs best in tensile tests (19,4 MPa in stress and 1,22 GPa Young’s modulus), in bending reinforced PP of virgin plastic achieves the highest stress and unreinforced PP the highest flexural modulus (74,1 MPa and 0,74 GPa respectively). The life cycle assessment shows that recycled rock wool fibers have potential to produce 60% less CO2 emissions than the equivalent glass fiber composite. In addition, stone wool fibers show the potential to save 30 000 SEK/ton compared to glass fiber, which corresponds to a 75% lower price. / Projektets fokus är återvinning av isoleringsmaterialet mineralull. Målet är att undersöka potentialen i att använda avfallet efter rivning eller renovering som fiberförstärkning i en polymermatris. Insamling av information sker genom att utföra en litteraturstudie på forskning, med fokus på hållbarhet, cirkulär ekonomi och avfallshantering. Materialets potential utvärderas genom att tillverka provstavar, testa mekaniska egenskaper med dragprov och böjprov, samt utföra livscykelanalys och ekonomisk analys av materialet. Mekaniska egenskaper av intresse i denna studie är maximal spänning och styvhet. Slutsatsen är att de valda tillverkningsmetoderna i projektet inte åstadkommer tillräcklig kvalitet i materialet för att kunna avgöra om fibrerna har önskad effekt. Fiber och matris blandar sig bra både i fallet med polypropen (PP) och hög-densitet polyeten (HDPE), men polymerkompositer med korta fibrer kräver kontroll av fiberlängd, spridning och riktning, och materialet behöver vara fritt från porer, vilket inte uppnåtts i detta stadie. Resultatet är att oförstärkt HDPE presterar bäst i dragprov (19,4 MPa i spänning och 1,22 GPa i E-modul), i böjning uppnår förstärkt PP av nyproducerad plast högst spänning och oförstärkt PP högst E-modul (74,1 MPa respektive 0,74 GPa). Livscykelanalysen visar att fibrer av återvunnen stenull har potential att bidra med 60% CO2-utsläpp än motsvarande komposit med glasfiber. Stenullsfibrer visar dessutom potential att spara 30 000 kr/ton jämfört med glasfiber, vilket motsvarar 75% lägre pris.

En esta investigación se estudia la prefactibilidad de una planta para producir ladrillos a partir de residuos de construcción y demolición en el distrito de Chiclayo, a raíz de que se observó grandes cantidades de desmonte ocasionando una contaminación visual y paisajística a los alrededores del distrito de Chiclayo, ocasionando problemas ambientales y sociales. Asimismo, tiene como objetivo general determinar la prefactibilidad de una planta de producción de ladrillo para el aprovechamiento de residuos de construcción y demolición. Los métodos del proyecto residieron en hacer un estudio de viabilidad comercial para calcular la demanda insatisfecha del proyecto, precio y características del producto, realizar un diseño técnico y tecnológico en el que se detalló paso a paso el proceso de rcd; también se hallaron indicadores y se utilizó el método de Guerchet para diseñar la planta, y una estimación económico-financiera de la propuesta para determinar la rentabilidad del proyecto. En los resultados se obtuvo que la mejor ubicación de la planta es a la salida de Chiclayo, camino al distrito de San José, a pesar de la viabilidad comercial y tecnológica, el proyecto no es viable financiera y económicamente obteniendo los siguientes resultados VAN (– S/362 286,23) y TIR (-21,8%), debido a la alta inversión de los equipos, maquinaria y costo del terreno implicado. / In this investigation, the prefeasibility of a plant to produce waste from construction and demolition waste in the Chiclayo district is studied, as a result of which large amounts of clearing were observed, generating visual and landscape contamination in the surroundings of the Chiclayo district. causing environmental and social problems. Likewise, its general objective is to determine the prefeasibility of a waste production plant for the use of construction and demolition waste. The methodology of the project consisted of carrying out a commercial feasibility study to determine the unsatisfied demand of the project, price and characteristics of the product, carry out a technical and technological design in which the RCD process was detailed step by step; indicators were also found and the Guerchet method was used to design the plant, and an economic-financial evaluation of the proposal to determine the profitability of the project. As results, it was obtained that the plant will be located at the exit of the highway to the San José district; despite the commercial and technological viability, the project is not financially and economically viable, obtaining the following results VAN (– S/362,286.23) and TIR (21.8%), due to the high investment of the equipment, machinery and cost of the land involved.

The concept of the circular economy has existed for a long time in various historical and political contexts. Still, it has gained significant popularity over the past decade, primarily due to the efforts of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation. Today, it is embraced by diverse stakeholders, including governmental bodies, influential forums, leading corporations, consulting firms, cities, and regions. This thesis details the development of narratives surrounding the circular economy and examines how contemporary university researchers perceive and define the concept. The findings reveal strong contrasts between different narratives, both in the literature and among interviewed researchers. The varied interpretations of the circular economy concept allow it to be adapted to different contexts, contributing to its widespread appeal. However, some view the circular economy as a consultant-driven concept that struggles to meet its promises, while others see it as the only viable alternative to the linear economy. Despite its name, the circular economy is primarily a model of material flows rather than an economic model. In the built environment, particularly in the construction and demolition sector, the principles of the circular economy—such as reduced resource use and increased recycling—are of higher interest due to the sector's substantial emissions and waste. / Cirkulär ekonomi som idé har funnits under lång tid i olika historiska och politiska sammanhang, men dess popularitet har ökat de senaste tio åren, främst till följd av Ellen MacArthur Foundations arbete. Idag har begreppet omfamnats av allt ifrån statliga organ, inflytelserika forum, ledande företag, konsultfirmor, till städer och regioner. Denna studie undersöker hur narrativen kring cirkulär ekonomi har utvecklats över tid och hur samtida universitetsforskare uppfattar och definierar begreppet. Resultatet visar att det finns en stark kontrast mellan de olika narrativen, både i litteraturen och bland de intervjuade forskarna. De varierande tolkningarna av begreppet cirkulär ekonomi gör att det kan anpassas till olika ändamål, vilket har bidragit till dess popularitet, även om synen på cirkulär ekonomi skiftar – vissa ser den som ett konsultdrivet koncept som har svårt att uppfylla sina löften, medan andra ser den som det enda hållbara alternativet till den linjära ekonomin. Trots sitt namn är cirkulär ekonomi främst en modell för materiella flöden snarare än en ekonomisk modell. Inom den byggda miljön, särskilt inom bygg- och fastighetssektorn, är grundprinciperna för cirkulär ekonomi såsom minskad resursanvändning och ökad återvinning av större intresse på grund av sektorns betydande utsläpp och avfall.

Os principais problemas enfrentados pelas cidades em relação aos resíduos de construção e demolição (RCD) estão associados à disposição irregular das enormes quantidades produzidas. O descarte clandestino dos RCD pode provocar a degradação dos ecossistemas água, ar e solo. O acúmulo de resíduos espalhados em diferentes locais das cidades leva à proliferação de vetores de doenças com danos à saúde pública. Além disso, provocam problemas nos sistemas de drenagem urbana. Do ponto de vista econômico, os custos de limpeza pública para remoção dos resíduos demonstram a não sustentabilidade do modelo corretivo. Essa situação pode ser explicada pela ausência de políticas específicas de gestão. Com a introdução do marco regulatório nacional para os RCD, vários municípios têm procurado implantar um modelo mais sustentável, mas as dificuldades para operação e manutenção têm inviabilizado sua continuidade. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os modelos de gestão dos resíduos de construção e demolição na Bacia Hidrográfica do Turvo Grande (BH-TG) pertencente a 15ª Unidade de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos (UGRHI-15) do Estado de São Paulo, bem como desenvolver um software para apoio à gestão municipal dos RCD - SISRCD. Ainda dentro da proposta do estudo, também são apresentados a situação dos RCD em Portugal e os resultados da experiência realizada em uma obra predial na cidade de Guimarães. Para estudo na UGHRI-15, foram coletados dados da situação dos entulhos nos 64 municípios integrantes, que permitiram fundamentar e sistematizar a metodologia. Os dados foram levantados nos anos de 2008 e 2009 com aplicação de questionário aos gestores e por meio de visitas aos municípios para levantamentos in loco das áreas de disposição final. Os principais itens avaliados foram os sistemas de manejo em operação, a produção de RCD, os custos com gestão, formas de tratamento e descarte. Com base nos resultados obtidos, dos municípios que fizeram parte desta pesquisa, foi possível concluir que apenas São José do Rio Preto possui um plano integrado de Gerenciamento de Resíduos da Construção Civil, conforme diretrizes da resolução n.º 307 do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente. Por esta razão, a implantação do sistema de apoio à gestão municipal dos resíduos da construção civil - SISRCD - pode ser transformada em excelente ferramenta para orientação e auxílio no controle municipal dessas atividades. O SISRCD é uma proposta original de uma ferramenta computacional cuja principal característica é a simplicidade de utilização pelos usuários a qual, após validação poderá ter ampla aplicação nos mais diferentes municípios do país. / The main problems faced by the cities related to construction and demolition wastes (CDW) are associated to the illegal disposal of huge quantities produced. The illegal CDW discharge may cause water and soil degradation problems. The accumulation of wastes scattered in different city locations leads to diseases caused by vectors proliferation with damage to public health. Moreover, they cause problems in urban drainage systems. From an economic perspective, the costs of public cleaning services for waste removal have indicated the nosustainability of the corrective model. This can be explained by the absence of specific policies for CDW management. By introduction of the national regulatory framework for the CDW, several municipalities have attempted to implement a more sustainable model, however difficulties related tosystem operation and maintenance have not allowed its continuance. So, the purpose of this study was to evaluate models for the management of construction and demolition wastes in Turvo Grande Watershed (RTG) which is included in the 15th Water Water Resources Unit Management (UGRHI-15) of São Paulo State, as well as to develop a prototype system to support municipal management of CDW - SISRCD. The work also includes and overview of Portugal CDW situation and the results of an experience carried out on a building location at Guimarães city - Portugal. Information and data related to construction and demolition wastes from 64 municipalities members of UGRHI-15 were collected in order to support and optimize the methodology. The data were collected for the years 2008 and 2009 based on a questionnaire applied to municipal managers and also technical visits to municipalities along with surveys of final disposal areas. The main evaluated issues encompassed management systems in operation, production of the CDW, management costs, and treatment and disposal models. Based on the results, it appears that only Sao Jose do Rio Preto has an Integrated Waste Management of Construction Plan, in accordance to guidelines of in the resolution 307 of the National Environmental Council. Thus, the implementation of a prototype system to support the management of municipal construction waste - SISRCD - may become an important tool for guidance and assistance to the control of municipal activities. The SISRCD is an original proposal for a computer tool based on a simple user interface. The system after is validation may have a broad application at different municipalities around the country.

Os Resíduos da Construção Civil (RCC) representam uma importante questão ambiental a ser considerada na gestão urbana dos Municípios. Os grandes volumes gerados e a sua destinação têm ocasionado diversos impactos ambientais ao meio urbano, com evidentes efeitos à saúde da população. Esta situação impõe aos gestores públicos a adoção de soluções mais eficazes para a gestão desses resíduos, sendo imprescindível o planejamento estratégico e integrado e a avaliação das ações implementadas. O objetivo desta tese é a proposição de um sistema de avaliação da gestão municipal dos RCC, de acordo com a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, Resolução CONAMA 307/2002 e demais resoluções pertinentes ao tema. A pesquisa exploratória foi desenvolvida em três etapas: i) revisão bibliográfica; ii) elaboração do sistema, considerando três eixos essenciais: universalidade dos serviços; proteção à saúde ambiental; e preservação dos recursos naturais, tendo como base a ferramenta FPEEEA (método de construção de indicadores) e iii) avaliação da gestão dos RCC de um município brasileiro utilizando o sistema proposto para verificar a sua aplicabilidade e identificação de fragilidades e potencialidades da gestão. Como resultado, é apresentado o Sistema de Avaliação da Gestão Integrada dos RCC denominado SAGI-RCC para apoiar a gestão no âmbito municipal. Este sistema propõe ações para a gestão integrada e os respectivos indicadores para monitorá-las, de forma que se constitui em uma ferramenta para ser inserida em processo de melhoria contínua da gestão municipal desses resíduos. Este sistema visa induzir os gestores municipais à reflexão a respeito da gestão de RCC e o SAGI-RCC permite avaliar o atendimento da gestão dos RCC às dimensões da sustentabilidade no âmbito municipal. Além disso, pode ser aplicado a distintas realidades, pois os valores para a avaliação são adaptáveis às condições locais. Quando aplicado a um município de médio porte (cerca de 500.000 habitantes), constatou-se que o conjunto de indicadores que compõe o SAGI-RCC é relevante, pois abrange as diferentes dimensões de sustentabilidade da gestão integrada, estabelecidas pela Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, além de identificar fragilidades e potencialidades da gestão de RCC deste município. / Construction and demolition waste (CDW) is an important environmental issue to be considered in Municipal Urban Management. The large volume generated and its disposal have caused several environmental impacts to the urban environment, with obvious effects on population health. This requires public managers to adopt more effective solutions to manage these wastes such as the implementation of integrated strategic planning and evaluation of actions which are extremely necessary. The aim of this work is to propose an evaluation system for municipal construction waste management, according to the premises of the National Policy for Solid Waste; Resolution 307 issued by the National Environmental Council (CONAMA) and other theme related resolutions. Exploratory research was carried out in three steps: i) literature review; ii) development of the system, considering three main pillars: scope of the service, environmental health protection and preservation of natural resources, based on the FPEEEA tool (methods for building environmental health indicators) and iii) assessment of CDW management in a Brazilian city using the proposed system to verify its applicability and identify its management strengths and weaknesses. As a result, the Evaluation System of Integrated CDW Management - called SAGI-CDW is presented to give support to management at a municipal level. This system proposes action towards integrated management and the respective indicators to monitorate, so that it becomes a tool to be inserted in CDW Municipal Management Continuous Improvement Processes. This system aims at inducing city managers to reflect on CDW management, and SAGI-CDW can assess the CDW management action strategies in terms of extension of sustainability at a municipal level. Moreover, it can be applied to different situations, because the parameters for evaluation are adapted to local conditions. When applied to a medium size city (approximately 500.000 inhabitants), it was found that the set of indicators that make up the SAGI-CDW is relevant as it covers the different dimensions of sustainability for integrated management established by the National Policy for Solid Waste, and also identifies weaknesses and strengths of this municipalitys CDW management.

A exploração dos recursos naturais e a degradação do meio ambiente têm sido fonte de preocupação no âmbito mundial. A busca por soluções alternativas que não causem ou que diminuam os impactos ambientais tornou-se comum na sociedade. Nesse contexto, a pavimentação vem contribuindo significativamente com soluções alternativas para destinação final de diversos tipos de resíduos, principalmente os oriundos da indústria da construção civil que sempre foi uma das maiores geradoras. Os resíduos da construção e demolição (RCD) podem ser transformados em agregados reciclados de ótima qualidade e podem ser aplicados em diversos serviços de engenharia. Os agregados reciclados, segundo a NBR 15116 (ABNT, 2004), são separados em misto e de concreto (ARC). No Brasil existem poucas pesquisas com o ARC, no entanto, as que existem e as pesquisas internacionais relatam que uma característica marcante do ARC é a cimentação própria. Portanto, o objetivo desta pesquisa é estudar o comportamento mecânico, ao longo do tempo de cura, do agregado reciclado de concreto proveniente da Usina de Reciclagem de São Carlos e de sua mistura com um solo laterítico, a fim de utilizá-los na construção de pavimentos. O estudo envolveu a análise dos resultados de resistência à compressão simples, módulo tangente, módulo de resiliência, deformação permanente e índice de suporte Califórnia (CBR) de corpos-de-prova de ARC e da sua mistura com solo laterítico, moldados em diferentes energias de compactação e ensaiados com tempos de cura variados. Ao final, concluiu-se que o agregado reciclado de concreto (ARC) é uma alternativa para construção de bases de pavimentos, podendo também substituir o agregado natural da mistura solo arenoso laterítico - brita descontínua, muito utilizada nas rodovias do interior de São Paulo. / Natural resources exploitation and the environmental degradation are a worldly problem nowadays. Searching for alternative solutions is something usual in most countries. Pavement systems are now contributing significantly with these alternative solutions by using the waste of construction demolition. This specific kind of waste can turn into mixed recycled aggregate or recycled concrete aggregate. There are just few researches in Brazil about the use of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), however international researches have shown that this aggregate has a very characteristic and positive mark: self cementation. This research has got the objective of studying the mechanic behavior of the recycled concrete aggregate and its mix with lateritic soil on the construction of base pavements with different analytic basis. The study involved the analysis of the laboratorial tests results of the unconfined compressive strength, tangent modulus, resilient modulus, permanent deformation and California Bearing Ration (CBR) of RCA specimens and its mix with lateritic soil, molded in different compaction energy and tested in different curing times. In conclusion, this kind of recycled aggregate has proved to be a sustainable alternative for the natural aggregate in the construction of many roads in small cities of the State of São Paulo - Brazil.

Os Resíduos da Construção Civil (RCC) representam uma importante questão ambiental a ser considerada na gestão urbana dos Municípios. Os grandes volumes gerados e a sua destinação têm ocasionado diversos impactos ambientais ao meio urbano, com evidentes efeitos à saúde da população. Esta situação impõe aos gestores públicos a adoção de soluções mais eficazes para a gestão desses resíduos, sendo imprescindível o planejamento estratégico e integrado e a avaliação das ações implementadas. O objetivo desta tese é a proposição de um sistema de avaliação da gestão municipal dos RCC, de acordo com a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, Resolução CONAMA 307/2002 e demais resoluções pertinentes ao tema. A pesquisa exploratória foi desenvolvida em três etapas: i) revisão bibliográfica; ii) elaboração do sistema, considerando três eixos essenciais: universalidade dos serviços; proteção à saúde ambiental; e preservação dos recursos naturais, tendo como base a ferramenta FPEEEA (método de construção de indicadores) e iii) avaliação da gestão dos RCC de um município brasileiro utilizando o sistema proposto para verificar a sua aplicabilidade e identificação de fragilidades e potencialidades da gestão. Como resultado, é apresentado o Sistema de Avaliação da Gestão Integrada dos RCC denominado SAGI-RCC para apoiar a gestão no âmbito municipal. Este sistema propõe ações para a gestão integrada e os respectivos indicadores para monitorá-las, de forma que se constitui em uma ferramenta para ser inserida em processo de melhoria contínua da gestão municipal desses resíduos. Este sistema visa induzir os gestores municipais à reflexão a respeito da gestão de RCC e o SAGI-RCC permite avaliar o atendimento da gestão dos RCC às dimensões da sustentabilidade no âmbito municipal. Além disso, pode ser aplicado a distintas realidades, pois os valores para a avaliação são adaptáveis às condições locais. Quando aplicado a um município de médio porte (cerca de 500.000 habitantes), constatou-se que o conjunto de indicadores que compõe o SAGI-RCC é relevante, pois abrange as diferentes dimensões de sustentabilidade da gestão integrada, estabelecidas pela Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, além de identificar fragilidades e potencialidades da gestão de RCC deste município. / Construction and demolition waste (CDW) is an important environmental issue to be considered in Municipal Urban Management. The large volume generated and its disposal have caused several environmental impacts to the urban environment, with obvious effects on population health. This requires public managers to adopt more effective solutions to manage these wastes such as the implementation of integrated strategic planning and evaluation of actions which are extremely necessary. The aim of this work is to propose an evaluation system for municipal construction waste management, according to the premises of the National Policy for Solid Waste; Resolution 307 issued by the National Environmental Council (CONAMA) and other theme related resolutions. Exploratory research was carried out in three steps: i) literature review; ii) development of the system, considering three main pillars: scope of the service, environmental health protection and preservation of natural resources, based on the FPEEEA tool (methods for building environmental health indicators) and iii) assessment of CDW management in a Brazilian city using the proposed system to verify its applicability and identify its management strengths and weaknesses. As a result, the Evaluation System of Integrated CDW Management - called SAGI-CDW is presented to give support to management at a municipal level. This system proposes action towards integrated management and the respective indicators to monitorate, so that it becomes a tool to be inserted in CDW Municipal Management Continuous Improvement Processes. This system aims at inducing city managers to reflect on CDW management, and SAGI-CDW can assess the CDW management action strategies in terms of extension of sustainability at a municipal level. Moreover, it can be applied to different situations, because the parameters for evaluation are adapted to local conditions. When applied to a medium size city (approximately 500.000 inhabitants), it was found that the set of indicators that make up the SAGI-CDW is relevant as it covers the different dimensions of sustainability for integrated management established by the National Policy for Solid Waste, and also identifies weaknesses and strengths of this municipalitys CDW management.