Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-06-03T13:28:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Silva Pedroso.pdf: 13766488 bytes, checksum: 37ecabfe92aa6148f03f2706b88a2681 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-03T13:28:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Silva Pedroso.pdf: 13766488 bytes, checksum: 37ecabfe92aa6148f03f2706b88a2681 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-31 / Nenhuma / A pesquisa se inscreve no âmbito dos estudos acerca da midiatização, descrevendo e problematizando as formas de interação entre a televisão e o telespectador, no contexto da Sociedade em vias de Midiatização. Desenvolve-se por meio do estudo de caso do quadro A empregada mais cheia de charme do Brasil, exibido pelo programa Fantástico da Rede Globo de Televisão, no período de junho a julho de 2012. Examinam-se, portanto, as marcas dessas novas relações que são instituídas mediante a inserção da atividade discursiva do telespectador na produção televisiva, através de um conjunto de vídeos enviados ao programa que materializam instruções e regras sobre as quais funciona certo tipo de contrato de leitura. A análise do caso abarcou como foco principal a constituição e o funcionamento de uma zona de contato enquanto instância interacional, que é acionada pela televisão por meio de protocolos de indução e de incursão, que estimulam a atividade discursiva e a participação do ator social, no sistema produtivo televisivo. Tais estratégias são verificadas no âmbito relacional - produção e recepção - a partir de operações tecnodiscursivas que são engendradas pelo Fantástico, tanto em sua versão televisiva, quanto em sua página na Internet. Como resultado, apontou-se que a participação do ator social na textualidade do programa é consequência de um complexo processo de indução, por meio do qual se gera um novo tipo de relação e de acesso do ator social ao sistema midiático. A pesquisa propõe como conclusão que os processos sociotécnicos evidenciados pela midiatização - como as novas condições de circulação e os novos dispositivos técnicos convertidos em meios de comunicação - ao serem transformados em estratégias de contato e de interação pela televisão, redesenham as formas de geração de vínculos com a sociedade. Nessa perspectiva, o telespectador é inserido de outra forma no processo de interação, gerando marcas de uma nova textualidade, a qual tem como base as coenunciações e as novas formas de acesso do ator social ao sistema midiático. / The research is concerned about studies of mediatization, describing and discussing the ways of interaction between television and viewer, in the Society context in Mediatization. It was developed through the study case of A empregada mais cheia de charme do Brasil (The charmest maid of Brazil) broadcasted by the program Fantático by Globo Network, from June to July of 2012. It is examined, therefore, the marks of these new relations stablished on this new interactional apparatus, by means of inserting the viewer discursive activity on the television production, through a set of videos sent to the program that bring instructions and rules about which certain type of reading contract work. The case analysis approached as main focus the constitution and the functioning of a contact zone while interactional instance, that is actuated by the television through induction and incursion protocols which stimulate the discursive activity and the social actor participation on the television production system. Such strategies are verified on relational range – production and reception – from techno-discursive operations which are produced by Fantástico, as much on its televised version as on its Internet webpage. As a result, it was pointed that the social actor participation in the program textuality is a consequence of a complex induction process, by which is created a new type of relation and access of the social actor to the mediatization. The research suggests as a conclusion that the sociotechnical process evidenced by the mediatization process – as the new circulation conditions and the new technical devices converted into means of communication - by being converted into contact and interaction strategies by the television, they redraw the ways of connection generation from the television to the society. On this perspective, the viewer is inserted in a different way in the interaction process, producing marks of a new textuality, which has as base the co-enunciations and the new ways of access of the social actor to the mediatization.

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram verificar a influência das taxas de aplicação superficial das zonas de separação e de contato e da concentração de micro bolhas de ar na eficiência da remoção de partículas em unidades de flotação aplicadas ao tratamento de água para abastecimento público e, caracterizar a estrutura de escoamento no interior da zona de separação, com a utilização de uma planta piloto de flotação por ar dissolvido. Os trabalhos relativos à pesquisa foram divididos em duas etapas: a primeira delas contemplou a operação de unidade piloto alimentada com água sintética, utilizando três valores de taxa de aplicação superficial na zona de separação associadas a duas taxas de aplicação superficial na zona de contato, cada qual com três concentrações de ar fornecido à flotação. Foram mantidos fixos os parâmetros: tempo de contato na zona de contato, tempo de floculação, gradiente médio de floculação e velocidade cross-flow. Os resultados desta etapa foram monitorados com base na eficiência de remoção de cor e turbidez. As maiores eficiências de remoção, 87,5% para turbidez e 96,8% de cor aparente foram obtidos para as menores taxas de aplicação superficial nas zonas de contato e separação estudadas, associadas à concentração de ar de 4,90 g/\'CM POT.3\' de água. Este, entre outros resultados, levou à conclusão de que tal concentração de ar fornecida à flotação forneceu sempre os menores residuais de cor e turbidez nas condições investigadas. Quanto à taxa de aplicação superficial na zona de contato, 136,3 m/h resultou em maiores eficiências de clarificação, sendo que o aumento para 172,8 m/h causou ligeira queda na eficiência. Finalmente, quanto à taxa de aplicação superficial na zona de separação, a menor taxa (9,8 m/h) foi aquela onde as maiores eficiências de clarificação foram obtidas, as quais decresceram à medida que a taxa foi aumentada. Na segunda etapa utilizou-se a sonda microADV na caracterização do escoamento no interior da zona de separação. Foram realizadas caracterizações para as três concentrações de ar fornecidas para a flotação estudadas na etapa I, mantendo-se fixos a taxa de aplicação superficial e o tempo na zona de contato (136,3 m/h e 53 s, respectivamente), a taxa de aplicação superficial na zona de separação (12,3 m/h), a vazão de entrada e a velocidade cross-flow, conforme a etapa I. Para as três condições estudadas, adotou-se uma malha virtual de coleta de dados de duas dimensões, composta por 98 pontos igualmente espaçados, sendo 14 na altura e 7 paralelos ao comprimento. O tempo de coleta de dados em cada ponto foi de 2 min com uma freqüência de amostragem de 50 Hz. Os vetores de velocidade resultantes foram plotados em esquemas ilustrativos, afim de se comparar os três perfis obtidos. Observou-se em todos os casos um fluxo em curto-circuito na região superior da zona de separação e logo abaixo desta, um fluxo descendente no sentido dos coletores ao fundo da unidade. Quando comparadas, apenas pequenas diferenças quanto à espessura da região de curto circuito superior foram verificadas entre as três situações abordadas, as quais não explicam as diferentes eficiências de clarificação obtidas na etapa I da pesquisa, relacionadas à concentração de ar fornecida à flotação. / The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of hydraulic surface loading of contact and separation zones and of the air micro bubbles concentration in the particle removal efficiency in flotation units applied to water treatment for public supply and also characterize the flow structure into the separation zone. The works were divided into two stages: the first included the operation of the pilot plant fed with synthetic water, using three values of hydraulic surface loadings in the separation zone associated with two hydraulic surface loadings in the superficial zone of contact, each one with three concentrations of air supplied to the flotation. Were kept fixed parameters: contact time in the contact zone, flocculation time, mean flocculation gradient and cross-flow velocity. The results of this step were monitored based on the removal efficiency of color and turbidity. The higher removal efficiencies, 87.5% of turbidity and 96.8% apparent color were obtained for the lower hydraulic surface loading of contact and separation zones studied, associated with air concentration of 4.90 g/\'CM POT.3\' of water. This, among other results, led to the conclusion that this air supplied to the flotation concentration always provided the lowest residual color and turbidity values, under the conditions investigated. As for the hydraulic surface loading in the contact zone, 136.3 m/h resulted in higher efficiencies for clarification and when increasing to 172.8 m/h slight drop in efficiency was caused. Finally, regarding separation zone hydraulic surface loading, the lowest rate (9.8 m/h) was the one in which the highest efficiencies of clarification were obtained, which decreased, as the hydraulic surface loading was increased. In the second step, the probe microADV was used to characterize the flow inside the separation zone. Characterizations were carried out for the three air concentrations supplied to the flotation studied on the first step, fixing contact zone hydraulic surface loading and time (136.3 m/h and 53 s, respectively), the separation zone hydraulic surface loading (12.3 m/h), the input flow and cross-flow velocity as step I. For the three conditions studied, we adopted a of two-dimensional virtual data collection grid with 98 equally spaced points, 14 in height and 7 parallel to the length. The data collection time at each point was 2 min with a sampling frequency of 50 Hz. The resulting velocity vectors were plotted on illustrative diagrams in order to compare the three profiles obtained. A short-circuit flow in the upper part of the separation zone and below this, a downward flow toward the bottom of the collector unit were observed in all cases. In comparison, only small differences in the thickness of the upper region of short circuit were observed between the three situations discussed, which do not explain the different efficiencies of clarification obtained in the first step of the research related to the air bubble concentration.

As the world shifts and changes, so do its people, and every day, more refugees are forced out-of-place, out of their homelands, and into a foreign and unfamiliar context. Many of these refugees are women, single mothers, who along with their children, are set to face many challenges in the process of re-settling into a new cultural landscape. This project is a study on how the design of an interior can aid in the difficult process of transitioning between lands and cultures. Within it, I explore the making of place through the design of a transitional residence for women and children refugees, set within the dynamic urban landscape of West Broadway in Winnipeg, Manitoba. I proceed through this project through an exploration of four conceptual frameworks and examine the project and its users in relation to movement and migration, to boundaries, to the contact zone, and finally to weaving.

As the world shifts and changes, so do its people, and every day, more refugees are forced out-of-place, out of their homelands, and into a foreign and unfamiliar context. Many of these refugees are women, single mothers, who along with their children, are set to face many challenges in the process of re-settling into a new cultural landscape. This project is a study on how the design of an interior can aid in the difficult process of transitioning between lands and cultures. Within it, I explore the making of place through the design of a transitional residence for women and children refugees, set within the dynamic urban landscape of West Broadway in Winnipeg, Manitoba. I proceed through this project through an exploration of four conceptual frameworks and examine the project and its users in relation to movement and migration, to boundaries, to the contact zone, and finally to weaving.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a influência do gradiente médio de velocidade (Gzc), associado ao tempo de detenção hidráulico (tzc) e à taxa de aplicação superficial (TASzc), na zona de contato, na eficiência de clarificação de uma unidade retangular de flotação por ar dissolvido, em escala piloto, tratando água para abastecimento. Foram estudadas duas configurações da Unidade Piloto de Flotação por Ar Dissolvido (UPFAD) (A e B), as quais diferem no comprimento da zona de contato A (90 mm) e B (140 mm). A TASzc - A (133 ± 3 m/h) e B (86 ± 1 m/h) - e o tzc - A (54 ± 1s) e B (84 ± 1 s) - são diferentes. Foram avaliados três valores do Gzc A (1,8; 6,5;10,2) e B (0,9; 4,7; 6,3), através da inserção de telas com características diferentes no interior da zona de contato. E, Para cada valor de Gzc, foram investigados três valores de A/V (3,73; 4,90; 6,41). Em todos os ensaios realizados, foram fixados os seguintes parâmetros: vazão da água bruta preparada (5,4 m³/h); temperatura da água bruta preparada (26 ± 1ºC); pH de coagulação (6,5 ± 0,1); tempo de floculação (17,2 min); gradiente médio de velocidade de floculação (110 s-1); vazão de descarte após a floculação (0,8 m³/h); vazão de entrada para a flotação (Qe) (4,6 m³/h); velocidade de entrada para a flotação (ve) (180 m/h); velocidade cross-flow (45 m/h); TASzs (14,6 ± 0,2 m/h); pressão de saturação (4,5 ± 0,1 Kgf/cm²). A unidade piloto FAD foi alimentada com água preparada, que apresentou turbidez em torno de 7,4 ± 0,6 UNT, e cor aparente, em torno de 39,4 ± 4,3 UH. A fração removida dos parâmetros analisados para cada Gzc é menos sensível a variações de A/V na configuração A que na configuração B. Na configuração A, a tela que apresentou Gzc em torno de 6,5 s-1 gerou melhores resultados para cada A/V analisado. Na configuração B, a tela que gerou Gzc em torno de 4,7 s-1 proporcionou melhor fração removida de turbidez e cor para cada A/V estudado. Além disso, na configuração B, a fração removida de turbidez e cor foi menos sensível a variações de A/V, para Gzc de 4,7 s-1 que para os demais valores de Gzc. A tela que gerou resultados mais eficientes na configuração A foi a mesma para a configuração B. Portanto o uso da referida tela favoreceu o desempenho das configurações A e B. Comparando todas as situações estudadas nas duas configurações, o ensaio com a configuração A (com tzc de 54 s) com Gzc de 6,3 s-1 e A/V de 4,9 g/m³, apresentou as maiores frações de remoção de cor e turbidez. / The present work aimed to study the influence of velocity gradient (Gzc) associated with the hydraulic detention time (tzc) and the rate of surface application (TASzc) in the contact zone in the efficiency of clarification of a unit rectangular dissolved air flotation pilot scale, treating water supplies. Two different kinds of configurations of the reactor dissolved air flotation in pilot scale (UPFA) (A and B) were studied, which differ in the length of the contact zone - A (90 mm) and B (140 mm). The TASzc - A (133 ± 3 m/h) and B (86 ± 1 m/h) - and tzc - A (54 ± 1 s) and B (84 ± 1 s) were different. Three different values of Gzc were analysed - A (1.8, 6.5, 10.2 s-1) and B (0.9, 4.7, 6.3 s-1) by insertion of grilles with different characteristics within the zone contact. And for each value of Gzc, three values of A/V (3.73, 4.90, 6.41 g/m³) were investigated. In all trials, the following parameters were set: flow of synthetic raw water (5.4 m³/h), synthetic raw water temperature (26 ± 1ºC), coagulation pH (6.5 ± 0.1); flocculation time (17.2 minutes), the speed gradient flocculation (110 s-1); flow disposal after flocculation (0.8 m³/h), input flow to the flotation (Qe) (4, 6 m³/h), input speed for flotation (ve) (180 m/h), cross-flow velocity (45 m/h), TASzs (14.6 ± 0.2 m/h), saturation pressure (4.5 ± 0.1 kgf/cm ²). The pilot plant was fed with synthetic water, which showed turbidity of approximately 7.4 ± 0.6 NTU, and apparent color, about 39.4 ± 4.3 HU. The removal efficiency of the analyzed parameters for each Gzc is less sensitive to variations in the A/V in the configuration A than in the configuration B. In configuration A, the grille that showed Gzc about 6.5 s-1 gave better results for each A/V analysis. In configuration B, the grille that has generated Gzc around 4.7 s-1 provided the best removal efficiency of turbidity and color for each A/V studied. Furthermore, in the configuration B, the removal efficiency of color and turbidity was less sensitive to variations in A/V for Gzc 4.7 s-1 than for other values of Gzc. The grille that generated the best results in the configuration A was the same for the configuration B. Therefore the use of that grille favored the performance of configurations A and B. Comparing all the situations studied in two configurations, the test with the configuration A (with tzc the 54 s) with Gzc of 6.3 s-1 and A/V of 4.9 g/m³, had the highest removal efficiencies of color and turbidity.

O desempenho de unidades de flotação por ar dissolvido (FAD) depende significativamente do projeto da zona de contato (ZC) dessas unidades, situada na entrada das mesmas e responsável por promover condições adequadas para que ocorram taxas satisfatórias de colisão entre as microbolhas de ar e os flocos formados na etapa antecedente de floculação da água para abastecimento. Os dois principais parâmetros de projeto da ZC são o tempo de detenção hidráulico ou tempo de contato (Tzc) e o gradiente médio de velocidade na ZC (Gzc). A presente dissertação apresenta os resultados de estudo sobre a influência do Tzc e do Gzc na ZC de uma unidade piloto de flotação por ar dissolvido (UPFAD) com escoamento contínuo aplicada ao tratamento de água para abastecimento. Foram utilizados módulos contendo tela metálica em seu interior com malha de #25 mm com diferentes dimensões, de modo a se obterem diferentes valores de Gzc e Tzc. Foram investigadas duas configurações na unidade de FAD (Configurações A e B), nas quais o comprimento (Lzc) e a altura (Hzc) da ZC foram variados, permitindo a alteração do Tzc e mantendo-se controlados os valores de Gzc (com a introdução ou não de diferentes módulos de tela metálica na ZC) e vice versa. Os demais parâmetros do processo de FAD não sofreram variações, tais como taxa de aplicação superficial (TAS) na zona de separação, tempo de floculação, entre outros. Para a configuração A, foram estudadas três alturas diferentes na ZC e para a configuração B, quatro alturas diferentes na ZC, o que acarretou, para cada valor de Gzc variação do Tzc. Para cada configuração da ZC, também foram testados três valores de vazão de recirculação de água saturada com ar de modo a se obterem três diferentes concentrações de ar (A/V) no processo de flotação. Para todos os parâmetros analisados (Turbidez, Cor, Absorbância), as maiores eficiências de remoção foram obtidas nos ensaios realizados com o uso da tela #25 mm tanto na configuração A (TASzc = 136 m/h e G = 6,1 s-1) quanto na configuração B (TASzc = 87 m/h e G = 3,2 s-1). Os resultados permitem concluir que o par de valores (Tzc, Gzc) é mais apropriado para o projeto da zona de contato de unidades FAD do que o par (Tzc, TASzc) usualmente adotado pelos projetistas, sendo que, na faixa de valores investigados a UPFAD apresentou melhor desempenho para o par: Tzc de 41 s e Gzc de 6,1 s-1. / The performance of units dissolved air flotation (DAF) depend significantly of design on the contact zone (CZ) of these units, situated at the entrance thereof and responsible for promoting appropriate conditions to occur satisfactory collision rates between air microbubbles and the flocs formed in the step of flocculation of potable water. The two main design parameters of the CZ are the hydraulic detention time or contact time (Tcz) and the velocity gradient in the CZ (Gcz). This work presents the results of study of the effects of varying the Tcz and Gcz at the contact zone of pilot unit DAF with continuous flow applied to the treatment of potable water. Were used modules containing metal grille with mesh of #25 mm, with different dimensions in order to obtain different values of Gcz and Tcz. Were investigated two configurations in the unit FAD ( configurations A and B) where the length (Lcz) and height (Hcz) of contact zone were varied, allowing the variation of Tzc and keeping the values of Gcz controlled (with the introduction or not of different modules in the metal grille in CZ) and vice versa, without changes in other process variables FAD, such as rate of surface application (TAS) in the separation zone, flocculation time, among others. For the configuration A were studied three different heights in the CZ and in configuration B, four different heights in the CZ, which resulted, for each value of Gcz (relative to the chosen value of Lcz) the variation of Tzc. For each configuration of CZ were also tested three values of recirculation flow of air saturated in order to obtain three different values of concentration in air (A/V) in the flotation process. For all parameters analyzed (turbidity, color, absorbance), the highest efficiencies were obtained in assays performed using the grille #25 mm, both in configuration A (TAScz = 136 m/h and L = 6,1 s-1) and configuration B (TAScz = 87 m/h and G = 3,2 s-1). The results indicate that the pair of values (Tcz, Gcz) is more suitable for project of the CZ of units FAD than the pair (Tcz, TAScz) usually adopted by the designers, and values in the range investigated in UPFAD showed performed better for Tcz of 41 s and Gcz of 6,1 s-1.

Die vorliegende Dissertation bietet eine Ethnographie über die Musealisierung der Migration in Paris und Berlin an. Die Autorin stellt fest, dass trotz klarer Unterschiede zwischen den beiden nationalen, politischen Landschaften, viele Differenzen verschwinden, wenn die Kolonialgeschichte berücksichtigt wird. Die Arbeit kombiniert Ethnographien und Theorien und zeigt auf, wie die Repräsentation der Migration an die Kolonial – und Imperialgeschichte gebunden ist. Dies bedeutet, dass ältere Repräsentationen der „Anderen” (wie “Eingeborenen/Primitiven“) immer noch präsent sind, und zwar als Teil der Repräsentationen von „Immigranten“. Aus dieser Perspektive werden Bilder von “Europa” und den “Anderen” neu konfiguriert. Die Arbeit zeigt weiterhin, dass in Frankreich und Deutschland die jeweiligen Repräsentationen der „Anderen/Immigranten“ sehr ähnlich sind, denn in beiden Ländern steht die Migrationsmusealisierung für eine selektive Integration von Diversität und Mobilität in den jeweiligen nationalen Gemeinschaften. Dennoch, und auch das zeigt die Arbeit, werden die Bilder des „nationalen/Eigenen“ in beiden Ländern unterschiedlich gestaltet. Aufgrund dessen emergieren zwei Felder: eine Europäische Zone (von EU-Mitgliedern) und eine Nichteuropäische Zone (von sog. „Immigranten“). Die Disertation analysiert das konfliktive Aufeinandertreffen der beiden Felder im Museum mit Hilfe des Konzepts der Kontaktzonen. Dieses Konzept ermöglicht eine ethnographische Annäherung an komplexe Diskussionen über Moderne, Gender, Rassismus, Nationalismus und Staatsbürgerschaft, welche immer in Debatten zum Thema Migration auftauchen. Darüber hinaus reflektiert die Arbeit den Impact dieser Konflikte auf das Europäische und nationale Kollektivgedächtnis aus einer Machtperspektive. Somit bietet sie eine Reflextion über Europäische und nationale Erinnerungslandschaften an und schlägt vor, dass diese aus verschiedenen formen kollektiver Gedächtnisse zusammengesetzt werden können. / This dissertation is an ethnography about the field of the museumization of migration in Paris and Berlin. After having begun with a recognition of the visible differences between the national landscapes of France and Germany, the ethographer’s conclusion shifted into the opposite direction: the differences at the level of the “national” actually blur when colonial and imperial history are taken into account. Based on a combination of ethnographies and theory, this thesis shows how the representation of migration is historically connected with colonial history. This means that former representations of the “other” (the “indigenous” and the “primitive”) continue to exist today, but now attached to the figure of the “immigrant”. From this perspective, images of “Europe” and its “others” emerge anew in the present context. This thesis shows how, in both France and Germany, respective representations of the “others/immigrants” are very similar. In both countries, official representations of migration stand for how each nation selects and integrates diversity and mobility into the national narrative. On the other hand, images of the “national self” differ drastically between France and Germany. In this way, two distinctive fields emerge, namely: the European zone (made up of EU-nationals) and the non-European zone (made up of so called “immigrants”). In this thesis, the (conflicting) coming together of both fields at the museum is approached through the concept of the contact zone. This concept allows an ethnographic approach towards complex discussions about modernity, gender, racism, nationhood and citizenship – all of which emerge through the topic of migration. Finally, this thesis reflects on the impact of these conflicts on the making of “European” and “national” collective memories by looking at these debates from a power perspective and thus opening the path for the coexistence of collective memories in the public spaces of national and European landscapes.

艾薩卡•丹尼森 (Isak Dinesen) 的回憶錄《遠離非洲》(Out of Africa) 記載了她在英屬非洲殖民地──肯亞停留長達 17 年的心路歷程。在居留肯亞期間，丹尼森經營農場，並嘗試融入當地生活。然而，最後由於大自然災難衝擊，導致農場經營失敗，迫使她離去這個她賴以印證、再造自我的異地天堂。失意之餘，她在 1942 年重返丹麥，將這 17 年的經歷在回憶錄中娓娓道來。 本論文以雅克 • 德希達 (Jacques Derrida)「悅納異己」(hospitality) 的理論探討丹尼森的「虛構自我」(fictional I)──凱倫 • 布莉克森 (Karen Blixen) 在異地與他者相處的細節。她以客人的姿態進入肯亞，卻以農場主人的身份停留 17 年。由於身份的尷尬與模糊，使她自始至終都必須在罪惡感與焦慮中掙扎。這樣的模糊身份也直接影響了她身為農場主人所展現的待客之道。她一方面希望給予當地人「無條件待客之道」(unconditional hospitality)，但另一方面又礙於殖民情境下的種種因素，迫使她不得不實行「有條件待客之道」(conditional hospitality)。布莉克森的模糊身份、處在異地的心境，以及與他者相處的細節都和這兩種待客之道的更迭交替息息相關。 布莉克森的農場是個「交會區」(contact zone)，充滿不同文化的衝突與交融，也隱約存在著殖民情境下的階級氛圍。在此交會區中，布莉克森與農場上的當地人皆努力將其轉化為「安全地帶」(safe house)，以農場的合諧為最終目標，企圖弭平因文化差異而造成的緊張與衝突。在對於流亡白人的接待上，布莉克森又試圖將其轉化為德希達式的「新城市」(New City)，開放接受流亡到肯亞的白人。雖然最後「安全地帶」與「新城市」的理想都因農場經營的失敗告終，布莉克森的努力仍具有其價值；而理解殖民情境下種種理想的不可能性，也成為她旅行後的成長。 / Isak Dinesen’s Out of Africa, written in the beginning of the 20th century, is one of the modernist travel narratives which manifest the white settlers’ experiences in a foreign land. Dinesen spent 17 years of her prime time in Kenya, searching for a life answer only to find its ungraspability in the end. She returned to Denmark in 1942—a defeated homecoming—and rearranged her exotic experiences in the structure of a tragedy, a five-act play, and “telling a play” in front of her readers (Trousdale 171). With Jacques Derrida’s theory of hospitality, this thesis aims to trace how Blixen’s days in Kenya is characterized by her struggles over her own ambiguous identities as both the guest of the country and the host of the farm. As her stay in Kenya and her running of the farm are under the control of the colonial law, she hopes to compensate it with the unconditional hospitality to the Natives. However, under the colonial context, the hospitality she practices is constantly rendered conditional due to the possible problems dwelling in this “contact zone” (Pratt 6). Instead of focusing only on her possible imperial attempts in Kenya, this thesis hopes to explore more aspects of her role by tracing her interactions with the Natives. Although her farm is rifled with diverse cultural conflicts, Blixen strives to turn the contact zone into a “safe house,” a social space where all the members try to ignore the hierarchical system rooted prior to their encounters. She also tries to change it into a Derridian New City to welcome the white wanderers, and practice the two imperatives of hospitality in harmony. This ideal New City is an embodied projection of Blixen’s life pursuit as a colonial Odysseus, yet her struggles prove to be futile in the end. Dinesen’s act of writing—rearranging the memories in an elegiac tone—records her illusion in the beginning and her disillusionment in the end of the travel. Narcissistic as her ideal may seem, her efforts of bridging the cultural gaps and integrating with the native land cannot be ignored.

The silence and invisibility of Puerto Rican soldiers in fictional and non-fictional representations of U.S. Wars has motivated me to look for alternative spaces in which these unaccounted voices and images are currently being produced, stored, circulated, and memorialized. Within this framework, my dissertation explores the self-representation of Puerto Rican servicemen and women in social networking sites (SNS), (i.e. as MySpace and Facebook), in user-generated content (UGC) platforms, (i.e. YouTube), and also in web memorials. I am interested in understanding how Puerto Rican soldiers self-represent their ethnonational identity online within the overlapping of second-class citizenship. The theoretical framework proposed for this research will apply theories such as 1) articulation; 2) the notion of contact zone; and 3) colonial/racial subjectivities. To complete this goal, my research method draws on online ethnography, textual, and critical discourse analysis. Firstly, I will discuss the limited repertoire of images of Puerto Rican soldiers in TV and film. My argument is that, besides the massive omission of this history, the images and motifs that do escape de facto social censorship will be in conversation with the self-representations. The second chapter is the result of four years of the process of online ethnography on which I analyze the instances of self-representation of Puerto Rican soldiers in SNS. My interest was seeing how those spaces were inflected by an ethnonational subjectivity. The third chapter explores the ways Puerto Rican soldiers, embedded in mash-up cultures, uses UGCs platforms to upload videos that transform the soldiers from passive consumers of images to active producers of content, which tend to disrupt dominant narratives of power. The last chapter explores the emergence of web memorials dedicated to the Puerto Rican soldiers. My main argument is that these instances of self- representation in online spaces are in conversation with the moments of silences and misrepresentations of Puerto Rican soldiers in traditional media, but also have become acts of enunciation in which the particular Puerto Ricanness of the Puerto Rican soldier is affirmed within complex, layered histories of imperialism, racism, heterosexism, and second-class citizenship. / text

O desempenho de unidades de flotação por ar dissolvido (FAD) depende significativamente do projeto da zona de contato (ZC) dessas unidades, situada na entrada das mesmas e responsável por promover condições adequadas para que ocorram taxas satisfatórias de colisão entre as microbolhas de ar e os flocos formados na etapa antecedente de floculação da água para abastecimento. Os dois principais parâmetros de projeto da ZC são o tempo de detenção hidráulico ou tempo de contato (Tzc) e o gradiente médio de velocidade na ZC (Gzc). A presente dissertação apresenta os resultados de estudo sobre a influência do Tzc e do Gzc na ZC de uma unidade piloto de flotação por ar dissolvido (UPFAD) com escoamento contínuo aplicada ao tratamento de água para abastecimento. Foram utilizados módulos contendo tela metálica em seu interior com malha de #25 mm com diferentes dimensões, de modo a se obterem diferentes valores de Gzc e Tzc. Foram investigadas duas configurações na unidade de FAD (Configurações A e B), nas quais o comprimento (Lzc) e a altura (Hzc) da ZC foram variados, permitindo a alteração do Tzc e mantendo-se controlados os valores de Gzc (com a introdução ou não de diferentes módulos de tela metálica na ZC) e vice versa. Os demais parâmetros do processo de FAD não sofreram variações, tais como taxa de aplicação superficial (TAS) na zona de separação, tempo de floculação, entre outros. Para a configuração A, foram estudadas três alturas diferentes na ZC e para a configuração B, quatro alturas diferentes na ZC, o que acarretou, para cada valor de Gzc variação do Tzc. Para cada configuração da ZC, também foram testados três valores de vazão de recirculação de água saturada com ar de modo a se obterem três diferentes concentrações de ar (A/V) no processo de flotação. Para todos os parâmetros analisados (Turbidez, Cor, Absorbância), as maiores eficiências de remoção foram obtidas nos ensaios realizados com o uso da tela #25 mm tanto na configuração A (TASzc = 136 m/h e G = 6,1 s-1) quanto na configuração B (TASzc = 87 m/h e G = 3,2 s-1). Os resultados permitem concluir que o par de valores (Tzc, Gzc) é mais apropriado para o projeto da zona de contato de unidades FAD do que o par (Tzc, TASzc) usualmente adotado pelos projetistas, sendo que, na faixa de valores investigados a UPFAD apresentou melhor desempenho para o par: Tzc de 41 s e Gzc de 6,1 s-1. / The performance of units dissolved air flotation (DAF) depend significantly of design on the contact zone (CZ) of these units, situated at the entrance thereof and responsible for promoting appropriate conditions to occur satisfactory collision rates between air microbubbles and the flocs formed in the step of flocculation of potable water. The two main design parameters of the CZ are the hydraulic detention time or contact time (Tcz) and the velocity gradient in the CZ (Gcz). This work presents the results of study of the effects of varying the Tcz and Gcz at the contact zone of pilot unit DAF with continuous flow applied to the treatment of potable water. Were used modules containing metal grille with mesh of #25 mm, with different dimensions in order to obtain different values of Gcz and Tcz. Were investigated two configurations in the unit FAD ( configurations A and B) where the length (Lcz) and height (Hcz) of contact zone were varied, allowing the variation of Tzc and keeping the values of Gcz controlled (with the introduction or not of different modules in the metal grille in CZ) and vice versa, without changes in other process variables FAD, such as rate of surface application (TAS) in the separation zone, flocculation time, among others. For the configuration A were studied three different heights in the CZ and in configuration B, four different heights in the CZ, which resulted, for each value of Gcz (relative to the chosen value of Lcz) the variation of Tzc. For each configuration of CZ were also tested three values of recirculation flow of air saturated in order to obtain three different values of concentration in air (A/V) in the flotation process. For all parameters analyzed (turbidity, color, absorbance), the highest efficiencies were obtained in assays performed using the grille #25 mm, both in configuration A (TAScz = 136 m/h and L = 6,1 s-1) and configuration B (TAScz = 87 m/h and G = 3,2 s-1). The results indicate that the pair of values (Tcz, Gcz) is more suitable for project of the CZ of units FAD than the pair (Tcz, TAScz) usually adopted by the designers, and values in the range investigated in UPFAD showed performed better for Tcz of 41 s and Gcz of 6,1 s-1.