This study seeks to understand how horror urban legends undergo changes over time and the possible reasons for their alterations. Past researchers have yet to analyze the shifts that have occurred within the retellings of these dark tales, and through this analysis, light will be shed onto what truly affects the media's storytelling behavior. Building upon meme theory, this study will use narrative and historical context analyses to uncover the objectives, narrative elements and temporal environments surrounding 10 replications of three horror urban legend memes over the past century. This research will uncover how these memes have mutated over time and inform the world as to how context plays a role. A total of 30 horror urban legend artifacts (10 per meme) were analyzed using qualitative research methods in order to uncover the similarities and differences that appeared in the replications of each of the memes. Also, the contemporary thoughts, attitudes and values of the various time periods in which each of the retellings existed were analyzed to understand how historical events and movements may have led to a change in the story. The findings revealed that social movements played a large role in the alteration of horror urban legend memes, particularly in regards to the second wave of Feminism. Additionally, the findings showed that memes that heavily portrayed racism were altered in more recent decades to include leading actors and characters of various ethnic backgrounds. Because of these findings, this research aligns with and expands upon the work completed by Joel Best and Gerald Horiuchi (1985). / Master of Arts / This study looks at how three icon horror urban legends have changed over the past century. Specifically, this study analyzes "Bloody Mary," "Sleepy Hollow" and the "Wendigo" in order to track the changes each tale has gone through, in addition to uncovering what might influence their change. Researchers have yet to understand this occurrence, and this study will serve as a way to answer why the media would be interested in revisiting and reviving older stories. Remakes of movies and TV shows are found in abundance within society, so this research will help assign a reason as to why ancient tales are dug back up from the grave. Using meme theory, this study examines how a story is able to be retold, remade and eventually changed by analyzing 10 remakes per urban legend, with each remake coming from a different decade between the 1920s and the 2010s. The findings reveal that history plays a role in the remaking and altering of previous tales, mainly due to the older versions of horror urban legends no longer being relevant or culturally appropriate. Occasionally, the older adaptation of a story will have material or revolve around a subject matter that is no longer acceptable within a more modern society, such as women being shown only as a damsel in distress. Because of this, in order for the story to not be forgotten, it must be remade and altered to align with where the world is today.

Semantic change is a phenomenon that has been subject to a lot of research during the past few decades. However, a large part of the existing research has been conducted with the goal of finding causes of change or creating typologies in order to classify different types of changes. The present study has been conducted with the aim to examine how a specific extra-linguistic factor has affected a select few words. The extra-linguistic factor that is the focal point of this study is the rapid technological change during what is known as the digital revolution. This essay explores how the digital revolution has affected the uses of four words: bug, web, mouse,and cloud. The first part of this study was a collocational analysis of these four words. The results of the collocational analysis indicated that changes occurred during certain time periods. A closer context analysis was performed for each of the words on the time period during which a semantic change was suspected to occur. The findings of this essay are that all the examined words have gotten new technological meanings during the past 70 years, thus exhibiting semantic widening. All four words are currently polysemous words. Replacive change, meaning a change in the primary meaning of a word, is only apparent in web. The remaining words keep their primary senses throughout the examined period, and the new senses are added as periphery senses. The trends in the usage of these words indicate that it is possible that more of them will undergo replacive change, however, it is too early to tell.

This thesis considers sentiment polarity analysis in Swedish. De-spite being the most widely spoken of the Nordic languages less re-search in sentiment has been conducted in this area compared toneighboring languages. As such this is a largely exploratory projectusing techniques that have shown positive results for other languages.We perform a comparison of techniques applied to a CNN to existingSwedish and multilingual variations of the state of the art BERTmodel. We find that the preprocessing techniques do in fact bene-fit our CNN model, but still do not match the results of fine-tuned BERT models. We conclude that a Swedish specific BERT modelcan outperform the generic multilingual ones, but only under certainconditions.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

This thesis deals with the definition of numerals and its position in the system of words classes. First, briefly describes the history and current attitudes to general issue of parts- of- speech classification in the context of foreign and Czech linguistics. Subsequently, a different theoretical concepts Czech linguistics devoted to the issue of speech numerals from the mid-20th century to the present. Based on the contextual analysis of data from the database of the Czech National Corpus then verifies the current classification criteria of parts-of-speech classification. At the same time tests on a prototypical numerals new approach to the definition of numerals as separate species, based on the context units surveyed. Finally submits proposals that are based on statistically processed outputs of contextual analysis. Key words: numerals, classification of numerals, context analysis, Czech National Corpus, corpus analysis

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

This thesis is an analysis of Endre Nemes’ art and how he was received in Sweden. It will also cover his eight years as an art teacher at Valand art school. The timespan has been limited to his first eighteen years in Sweden. The thesis uses mainly Pierre Bourdieu’s The Rules of Art as a theoretical approach. Nemes was from Central European and a modern painter, he was regarded as cubist, surrealist and in the last years of the period as abstract. The first part concentrates on how his art evolved during the eighteen years and how the art critics described him. Especially four artworks have been analyzed. Context analysis is used to examine art criticism in Swedish newspapers from eight exhibitions. One result from the analysis is that during the years 1940 up until 1955 Nemes is regarded as avantgarde, a forerunner in Sweden and tended to shock the audience with his art. Even if he was very productive and had solo exhibitions, he mostly sold to other artists and early adopters. In the last years, especially after he left his job as a teacher, and became more abstract, he was just one of several artists and cannot any longer be regarded as avantgarde. The second part of the thesis covers Nemes as teacher at Valand art school in Gothenburg. Nemes was a precursor in modern art teaching. The period at Valand is interesting as it influenced both Swedish and Nemes own art. The thesis investigates what method he used as a teacher, how he was appreciated as a teacher both by his art students and by art critics in Swedish newspapers. The thesis also analyzes how Nemes impacted the student’s future way of painting. The result is that he had an impact on some of the students, but not on others. Most impact did he have on a group of students that was close to him, while other did not fully appreciate his teaching. Nemes’ method was to leave the students and their individual development as much freedom as possible, while still being strict on teaching different techniques and the importance of a careful composition. Another result was that all studied students used this knowledge in their future as independent artists.

Citations allow researchers to define relationships across articles and develop arguments by building on the work of others. This study explores citation of theory symbols in Instructional Design and Technology (IDT) academic articles. The term theory symbol is used to define a concept that, after its original publication, is subsequently incorporated by later writers through citation. Exploring the citation history of the seminal publications makes it possible to trace theory symbol use over time and thus to trace its dissemination in the field. A typology of theory symbol use in IDT academic publication is developed through a citation context analysis (CCA) of a sample of articles published in Educational Technology Research and Development (ETRD) and its predecessor journals (1953–2012) which incorporate theory symbols through citation. This analysis contributes to an understanding of how theory has shaped IDT disciplinary knowledge and augments discourse analysis and bibliometrics by examining the context in which theory is incorporated into academic publication. / Ph. D. / This study explores the citation of theory symbols in Instructional Design and Technology (IDT) academic articles. A <i>theory symbol</i> is a concept that is included in a publication deemed to be foundational to a theory’s creation or development and subsequently incorporated by later writers through citation. Exploring the relationships between these cited and citing documents, with specific attention to the content of prior work passed from one to the other, makes it possible to trace the dissemination of theory symbols in the field and develop a typology of theory symbol use in IDT academic publication. This process is called citation context analysis (CCA) (Ritchie, 2008). A sample of articles published in <i>Educational Technology Research and Development</i> (ETRD) and its predecessor journals (1953–2012) serves as the foundation of the study. This analysis contributes to an understanding of how theory has shaped IDT disciplinary knowledge by examining the context in which theory is incorporated into academic publication. As Baskerville and Dulipovici (2006) argue, it is valuable to understand the application of theory because theory is used to support research arguments, methodology and in turn the development of other theories.

<p><strong>Title</strong>:      Kriskommunikation på 140 tecken; En kvantitativ innehållsanalys om media och myndigheters traditionella roller vid pandemikrisen A(H1N1) via SVT Rapport och Krisinformation.se:s twitterflöden.</p><p><strong>Author</strong>:                         Arne Wetterholm & Petter Westlund</p><p><strong>Tutor</strong>:                         Mats Eriksson</p><p><strong>Course</strong>:                         Medie- & Kommunikationsvetenskap C, inriktning PR</p><p><strong>Semester</strong>:                         Autumn 2009</p><p><strong>Purpose</strong>:      The purpose of this study is to analyse how twitter-feeds has been reporting the A(H1N1) pandemics. Do authorities and media keep their classical approach towards new crisis in a new media channel like Twitter.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Method & material</strong>:      The analysis is conducted through a quantitative research method where two Twitter feeds will be used as the main source of the material. The 50 latest messages of the feeds in both Twitter microblogs Krisinformation.se and SVT PlayRapport will be represented in the material.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Theories</strong>:      The theoretical background consists of Jan van Dijk and Manuel Castells theories of the network society. The theories of classical approach on authorities and media are also a part of the theoretical background along with theories about the modern web.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Main results</strong>:      The main results of this study points towards a continuous approach of both authorities and media in the Twitter feeds. That means that new opportunities of crisis information don’t mean new approaches for authorities and media when reporting a crisis.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>:     crisis information, crisis communication,  Twitter, SVT, Rapport, Krisinformation.se, kriskommunikation, A(H1N1), nya influensan, svininfluensan, swine inluenza, microblog, mikroblogg, kvantitativ, quantitative, innehållsanalys, context analysis.</p>

Title:      Kriskommunikation på 140 tecken; En kvantitativ innehållsanalys om media och myndigheters traditionella roller vid pandemikrisen A(H1N1) via SVT Rapport och Krisinformation.se:s twitterflöden. Author:                         Arne Wetterholm &amp; Petter Westlund Tutor:                         Mats Eriksson Course:                         Medie- &amp; Kommunikationsvetenskap C, inriktning PR Semester:                         Autumn 2009 Purpose:      The purpose of this study is to analyse how twitter-feeds has been reporting the A(H1N1) pandemics. Do authorities and media keep their classical approach towards new crisis in a new media channel like Twitter.   Method &amp; material:      The analysis is conducted through a quantitative research method where two Twitter feeds will be used as the main source of the material. The 50 latest messages of the feeds in both Twitter microblogs Krisinformation.se and SVT PlayRapport will be represented in the material.   Theories:      The theoretical background consists of Jan van Dijk and Manuel Castells theories of the network society. The theories of classical approach on authorities and media are also a part of the theoretical background along with theories about the modern web.   Main results:      The main results of this study points towards a continuous approach of both authorities and media in the Twitter feeds. That means that new opportunities of crisis information don’t mean new approaches for authorities and media when reporting a crisis.   Keywords:     crisis information, crisis communication,  Twitter, SVT, Rapport, Krisinformation.se, kriskommunikation, A(H1N1), nya influensan, svininfluensan, swine inluenza, microblog, mikroblogg, kvantitativ, quantitative, innehållsanalys, context analysis.