Le territoire a-t-il une influence sur le raisonnement politique des individus ? C'est à cette question, en apparence classique, de la science politique que cette thèse entend répondre. A partir d'une enquête menée dans le contexte de l'élection présidentielle française de 2007, nous proposons d'aborder les voies théoriques et méthodologiques d'une étude de l'effet du « territoire » sur les raisonnements et les arguments mobilisés par les individus lorsqu'ils « parlent » de politique. En prenant successivement en compte le territoire comme agrégat de données quantitatives (territoire objectif) puis comme construction sociale opérée par les individus (territoire subjectif), nous proposons de revenir sur les apports d'une approche « écologique » et « processuelle » du raisonnement politique, permettant de comprendre les rouages et l'ampleur de la mobilisation du « territoire vécu » par les individus. La « politique » apparait à la fois comme le résultat d'un repérage des problèmes territoriaux et comme une série de thèmes définis a priori (l'Union Européenne, la mondialisation, le vote lors de l'élection présidentielle), donnant à voir deux aspects distincts de l'influence du territoire sur la politisation des individus. Nos résultats plaident pour le prolongement d'une analyse qualitative et contextualisée des compétences et des raisonnements politiques individuels. / Does the territory influence the way individual reasons about politics? This dissertation aims to answer to this apparently classical question of political science. Based on a survey which was conducted in the context of the French presidential election of 2007, we propose to deal with theoretical and methodological issues about the understanding of the « territory effect » on the way people argue and reason when they « talk about" politics. We successively define the territory as an aggregation of quantitative data (objective territory) and then as a social construction made by individual (subjective territory), in order to argue that an « ecological » analysis of the process that underpin political reasoning is a fruitful way of understanding how and in what extend people use elements from their own territory. Politics appears both as the result of the construction of territorial issues and as a set of public issues (European Union, globalization, presidential election) which gives two different aspects of the way territory can influence the politicization of people. Our results argue that a qualitative and contextualized approach of competences and political reasoning must be deepened.

Submitted by Paula Mesquita Melques null (paulamelques@gmail.com) on 2017-08-21T16:57:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Paula_Melques.pdf: 2538504 bytes, checksum: bc9ef094f671e3470db2e3ade0466c95 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-23T19:06:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 melques_pm_dr_prud.pdf: 2538504 bytes, checksum: bc9ef094f671e3470db2e3ade0466c95 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-23T19:06:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 melques_pm_dr_prud.pdf: 2538504 bytes, checksum: bc9ef094f671e3470db2e3ade0466c95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-22 / A presente pesquisa de Doutorado pertence à linha de pesquisa “Práticas e Processos Formativos em Educação” do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (FCT/UNESP). Parte-se da hipótese de que o designer educacional (DE) tem papel fundamental quando se propõem abordagens de educação centradas na construção do conhecimento, para que não seja realizada a transposição de práticas de transmissão de informações, presentes historicamente na educação, para o contexto da Educação a Distância (EaD). Diante da complexidade envolvida nas atribuições desse profissional, apresenta-se a pergunta da pesquisa: como a atuação do DE em um contexto de elaboração e execução de cursos na modalidade a distância concebidos a partir das abordagens Estar Junto Virtual (EJV) (VALENTE) e Construcionista, Contextualizada e Significativa (CCS) (SCHLÜNZEN) pode permitir que as características do público-alvo, as especificidades da EaD e os objetivos dessas abordagens de educação sejam alcançados? Assim, como objetivo geral, buscou-se conceituar o designer educacional no contexto de cursos na modalidade a distância segundo as abordagens CCS e EJV. Para tanto, a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa do tipo investigação-ação, estudou-se a elaboração e a execução de um curso de especialização do Programa Rede São Paulo de Formação Docente (Redefor) Educação Especial e Inclusiva, no qual a pesquisadora atuou como designer educacional. A seleção e a coleta de dados ocorreram por meio de instrumentos como arquivos de roteiros, matriz e agenda, e e-mails enviados e recebidos entre a equipe multidisciplinar, professores autores, especialista e coordenação, além das atividades propostas e da produção dos cursistas no Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem (AVA) Moodle. Com categorias de análise pré-definidas, analisou-se os dados a partir do confronto entre o que foi pensado inicialmente pelo professor autor e o resultado final após as intervenções realizadas e, também, da identificação dos elementos das abordagens CCS e EJV na proposta pedagógica do curso e na produção dos cursistas. Observou-se que o designer educacional contribuiu para o estabelecimento da base de conhecimentos tecnológicos e pedagógicos do conteúdo (TPACK) (MISHRA; KOEHLER) a partir da articulação dos saberes e das ações das equipes pedagógica e multidisciplinar, e ainda, a proposta pedagógica do curso permitiu que os cursistas construíssem produtos, por meio de atividades contextualizadas, com alto nível de interação e mediação pedagógica efetiva, permitindo assim a construção do conhecimento à medida que atribuíam significado aos conceitos apreendidos. / This Doctoral research belongs to the research line "Practices and Formative Processes in Education" of the Graduate Program in Education of the Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Sao Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (FCT / UNESP). It starts with the hypothesis that educational designer has fundamental role when proposing education approaches centered on the construction of knowledge, so that the transposition of information transmission practices is not carried out into the context of Distance Education. In view of the complexity involved in the assignments of this professional, the research problem is presented: how the educational designer performance in a context of elaboration and implementation of courses in the distance education modality conceived from the approaches Being Together Virtually (known as EJV) (VALENTE) and Constructionist, Contextualized and Meaningful (known as CCS) (SCHLÜNZEN) can enable that the target audience characteristics, distance education specificities and the objectives of these education approaches to be achieved? Therefore, as general objective, it was sought to conceptualize the educational designer in the context of distance education courses according to the CCS and EJV approaches. To do so, based on a qualitative approach of action-research type, it was studied the elaboration and implementation of a specialization course belonging to the Sao Paulo Network Program of Teacher Training (Redefor) Special and Inclusive Education, in which the researcher acted as educational designer. Selection and collection of data occurred using tools as script files, matrix and agenda, e-mails sent and received between the multidisciplinary team, teacher authors, specialist and coordination, as well as the proposed activities and production of the students in the Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) Moodle. With predefined categories of analysis, the data were analyzed from confrontation between what was initially thought by the teacher author and the final result after the interventions carried out and, also, the identification of elements from the CCS and EJV approaches in the course pedagogical proposal and in the students’ production. It was observed that the educational designer contributed to establish the technological and pedagogical knowledge base of the content (TPACK) (MISHRA; KOEHLER) from articulation of knowledge and actions of the pedagogical and multidisciplinary teams, and also, the pedagogical proposal of the course allowed the students to construct products, through contextualized activities, with a high level of interaction and effective pedagogical mediation, allowing thereby, the construction of knowledge insofar as they were attributing meaning to the concepts seized.

Submitted by Livia Raposo Bardy Ribeiro Prado (liviarbardy@gmail.com) on 2018-04-26T18:33:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Bardy_Lívia Raposo.pdf: 4176284 bytes, checksum: 73ca9a17c218851fceb82d0b5c3b5e30 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ALESSANDRA KUBA OSHIRO ASSUNÇÃO (alessandra@fct.unesp.br) on 2018-04-26T20:31:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bardy_lr_dr_prud.pdf: 4176284 bytes, checksum: 73ca9a17c218851fceb82d0b5c3b5e30 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-26T20:31:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bardy_lr_dr_prud.pdf: 4176284 bytes, checksum: 73ca9a17c218851fceb82d0b5c3b5e30 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-02 / A presente tese de doutorado está vinculada à linha de pesquisa: Processos Formativos, Ensino e Aprendizagem do Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), campus de Presidente Prudente. A pesquisa se desenvolve a partir da realidade vivenciada pela sociedade em virtude do intenso e dinâmico processo de mudanças, ocasionado especialmente pela forte evolução tecnológica e científica, que impacta sobremodo a vida das pessoas. No âmbito educacional, por sua vez, a situação não é diferente. Assim, é em torno do enfrentamento de desafios, tais como a falta de interesse dos estudantes pelas instituições formais de educação, a necessidade de melhor flexibilidade, otimização do tempo e de maior qualidade da aprendizagem dos graduandos que o estudo se desenvolve. Nesse contexto, o cenário educacional deve ser revisto a fim de se adequar às novas perspectivas de construção do conhecimento, implementando mudanças relacionadas ao uso de tecnologias, metodologias diferenciadas e do protagonismo do estudante em sua aprendizagem. Diante dessa situação, a UNESP criou o Programa Graduação Inovadora (PGI), com ações voltadas à formação continuada de seus docentes. Para tanto, ofertou o curso “Construção de Materiais Didático-Pedagógicos para E-Learning, M-Learning e B-Learning” (CMDP), selecionado para análise por sua consonância com o aporte teórico defendido neste estudo. Portanto, a tese traz como enfoque os fatores considerados essenciais à inovação na educação, partindo da premissa de que o protagonismo do estudante pode ser intensificado com o uso de Metodologias Ativas. Destacamos a inovação na Educação Superior (ES), a relação com E-Learning, M-Learning e B-Learning, uso de Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (TDIC) em uma abordagem Construcionista, Contextualizada e Significativa (CCS) e, ainda, a inserção do estudante em uma postura ativa e protagonista de construção do seu conhecimento. Assim, a pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa e estabeleceu como objetivo geral: averiguar, no âmbito do PGI, as contribuições do processo formativo proposto em termos didático-pedagógicos para o desenvolvimento de ações inovadoras na ES. O curso teve o escopo de fomentar o uso da modalidade a distância e de Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem (AVA), estratégias de E-Learning, M-Learning e B-Learning, como componente de grande relevância para inovação no cenário educacional atual. A coleta, seleção e análise de dados foram divididas em três fases e em três formas. Ocorreram por meio da observação das atividades propostas no AVA do curso e no que fora delineado no PGI, a partir do seu confronto com o planejamento, construção e execução, além de entrevistas com docentes participantes. A pesquisa revelou que ações inovadoras foram proporcionadas aos participantes, sobretudo ao compreender que a formação docente se pautou nos pressupostos da abordagem CCS. Por fim, concluímos que para o desenvolvimento contínuo de posturas inovadoras também é preciso proporcionar processos formativos permanentes aos docentes, em uma abordagem CCS, a fim de que possam, assim como seus estudantes, vivenciar a condição de protagonistas na construção do conhecimento. / This doctoral thesis is linked to the research line: Formative Processes, Teaching and Learning of the Post-Graduation Program in Education of the Faculty of Science and Technology of the Sao Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), campus of Presidente Prudente/SP. The research is developed having as a starting point the reality lived by the society due to the intense and dynamic process of changes, caused especially by the strong technological and scientific evolution, that overly impacts people's life. In education, in turn, the situation is no different. Therefore, the research is developed surrounding these challenges such as students 'lack of interest in formal educational institutions, the need for better flexibility, optimization of time and higher quality of learning for university students. To this end, the educational scenario should be reviewed, adapting itself to the new perspectives of knowledge construction, implementing changes related to the use of technologies, differentiated methodologies and the protagonist role of students in their own learning. Given the above, UNESP has created the Innovative Graduation Program (known as PGI) with actions aimed at the continued education of its teachers. For this purpose, it offered a training course called "Construction of Didactic-Pedagogical Materials for E-Learning, M-Learning and B-Learning" selected for analysis due to its alignment with the theoretical referential adopted in this study. Therefore, the thesis has as its focus the factors considered essential for the innovation in education, starting from the premise that the student's protagonist role can be intensified with the use of Active Methodologies. It is worth highlighting the innovation in Higher Education, the link with E-Learning, M-Learning and B-Learning, the use of Digital Information and Communication Technologies in a Constructionist, Contextualized and Significant Approach (known as CCS) and, the inclusion of students in an active posture, where he is the protagonist of his knowledge construction. Therefore, this research, based on a qualitative approach, established as general objective: to investigate, within the PGI framework, the contributions of the formative process proposed in didactic-pedagogical ways for the development of innovative actions in Higher Education. The purpose of the course was to encourage the use of distance learning and Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) and, strategies of E-Learning, M-Learning and B-Learning, that is, the adoption of hybrid education (B- Learning), seen as a component of great relevance for change and innovation in the current educational scenario. Data collection, selection and analysis were divided into three phases and three different ways. They were done through the observation of activities proposed in the VLE and in what was proposed in the PGI, from its confrontation with the planning, construction and execution of the course, in addition to interviews made with course participants. The research revealed that innovative actions were provided to course participants, especially through understanding that this teacher training was based on the assumptions of the CCS approach. To conclude, our understanding is that for the continuous development of innovative mindsets, it is also necessary to provide permanent training processes to teachers, made in a CCS approach, to ensure that they, as well as their students, can experience being protagonists in the knowledge construction process.

nÃo hà / Os jogos didÃticos, assim como as prÃticas laboratoriais, as aulas de campo, os filmes e vÃdeos, constituem possibilidades metodolÃgicas diferenciadas que podem ser utilizadas para abordagem dos conteÃdos de Biologia (BRASIL, 2006). Para Campos et al. (2002), os jogos didÃticos merecem mais espaÃo na prÃtica de ensino, pois constituem-se em uma importante alternativa para favorecer a aquisiÃÃo e retenÃÃo do conhecimento atravÃs de um clima de alegria e prazer. Na atualidade, a principal demanda do Ensino MÃdio tem sido a preparaÃÃo dos estudantes para o ENEM, que constitui a principal forma de ingresso ao Ensino Superior no Brasil. Nas Ãltimas trÃs ediÃÃes do ENEM, cerca de 40% das questÃes de Biologia estÃo relacionadas aos conteÃdos de ecologia e educaÃÃo ambiental. De acordo com Auad (2005), a educaÃÃo ambiental constitui um problema social urgente. Por conta da relevÃncia dos temas apresentados, o presente trabalho teve o objetivo geral de produzir um jogo didÃtico e analisar a sua contribuiÃÃo para a aprendizagem em educaÃÃo ambiental. Para a realizaÃÃo da pesquisa, um estudo de campo com abordagem quali-quantitativa e de natureza aplicada, foi elaborado um jogo didÃtico de tabuleiro com perguntas e respostas sobre o conteÃdo educaÃÃo ambiental, denominado Ecojogo. O jogo foi reproduzido e utilizado por estudantes de 3 ano do Ensino MÃdio de uma escola da rede pÃblica estadual, em CrateÃs-CE, em trÃs aulas. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de observaÃÃo participante e aplicaÃÃo de questionÃrios. Durante a utilizaÃÃo do Ecojogo em sala de aula, observou-se que o uso do jogo produziu um ambiente de ensino e aprendizagem prazeroso, por contar com a interaÃÃo entre os jogadores e a brincadeira competitiva do jogo. A partir da anÃlise dos questionÃrios aplicados, verificou-se que os conhecimentos dos estudantes aumentaram, em mÃdia, 34% apÃs a utilizaÃÃo do jogo. Com relaÃÃo à avaliaÃÃo do Ecojogo em oficina de jogos didÃticos realizada em evento cientÃfico, todos os entrevistados responderam que utilizariam o jogo no ensino de educaÃÃo ambiental, por ser atrativo e abordar assuntos relevantes. De acordo com estes entrevistados, o Ecojogo auxilia a compreensÃo, estimula o raciocÃnio e proporciona uma aprendizagem significativa por abordar os conteÃdos de forma contextualizada e com situaÃÃes-problema. Apesar de reconhecerem importÃncia da contextualizaÃÃo para a compreensÃo dos conteÃdos e preparaÃÃo para o ENEM, alguns entrevistados relataram que esta caracterÃstica retarda a dinÃmica da partida, por conta da extensÃo dos textos das questÃes. Com base nos resultados da pesquisa, concluiu-se que o Ecojogo constitui uma estratÃgia metodolÃgica eficiente para a aprendizagem em educaÃÃo ambiental, e que os professores devem investir no desenvolvimento e uso destes materiais didÃticos no ensino de Biologia. AlÃm do desenvolvimento e uso de jogos didÃticos, faz-se necessÃrio, tambÃm, a divulgaÃÃo e compartilhamento dos procedimentos e materiais produzidos em experiÃncias exitosas, para que o conhecimento seja difundido e, assim, aperfeiÃoado. / The didactic games such as laboratory practices, outdoor class, movies and videos are different methodological possibilities which can be used for address the contents biology (BRASIL, 2006). For Campos et al. (2002), the didactic games deserve much more space in the practice of teach, because they are an important alternative to get and retain the knowledge through a clime of joy and pleasure. Nowadays, the main claim of the Secondary School has been the preparation of students for ENEM, which is the main way to enter in the university in Brazil. In the last three editions of the ENEM, about 40% of the Biologyâs questions were related to ecology and environmental education. According to Auad (2005), the environmental education is an urgent social problem. Because of the relevance of this issue presented, this study had as a general objective to create a didactic game and analyze its contribution as a tool for learning environmental education. For the achievement of this research, an outdoor study was made with approach in quality, quantity and applied nature, as well was developed a didactic game board with questions and answers about environmental educational named Ecojogo. The game was prepared and used in three lessons by students from a 3rd grade state public Secondary School in the town CrateÃs-CE. The data collection was carried out by watching partakers and the application of questionnaires. During the usage of the Ecojogo in the classroom, it was noticed that the use of the game created a pleasant teaching and learning environment, because of the interaction between players and the funny process of the game. From the analysis of the questions applied, was verified that the studentâs knowledge increased in an average of 34% after using the game. Related to the evaluation of Ecojogo in didactic games held in Scientific event, everyone answered that they would use the game in the teaching of environmental education classes, because it is attractive relevant topics. According to those people who were interviewed, the Ecojogo helps to understand, stimulates thinking and provides a significant capacity, because it approaches the contents in context with problem situations. Although recognizing the importance of contextualization for understand the contents and preparation for ENEM, some peoples who was interviewed, reported that this feature slows the departure dynamic, because of the size of the questions. Based on the surveyâs results, it was concluded that the Ecojogo is an efficient methodological strategy for learning environmental education, and that teachers should invest in development and usage of didactic materials for teaching Biology. Besides of developing and using didactic materials, it is also necessary spread and share products and materials produced in successful experience, in order to this knowledge be released and, thus, improved.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-27T19:13:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Daiana Moraes Seckler.pdf: 1133777 bytes, checksum: 3f36442ebb973ebb5883bce7067c3cb8 (MD5) Daiana Moraes Seckler.pdf.txt: 117216 bytes, checksum: f5c278dd9e9d971527df65d8767d1afa (MD5) Daiana Moraes Seckler.pdf.jpg: 4300 bytes, checksum: 8d448dd922a21bf71a0f3b420a356963 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this paper, we report the development of a research project with students in 8th grade of elementary school, with context problem solving for the teaching of polynomial functions of first degree. The research is qualitative and used the of Teaching-Learning-Assessment methodology for problem solving. The research aimed to examine the possibilities of working the concept of function with students in 8th grade of elementary school, through the solution of problems related to cultivation of agricultural products. We worked with 22 students from a rural school located in the municipality of Candelaria, RS. In collecting data, was made use of questionnaires, with mixed questions and observations of activities. The project had three stages: first, we applied a questionnaire to collect data on agricultural production of students' families, in the latter, there was a talk of a technical from EMATER, about the cultures, and in the third stage we developed with the students the sequence of planned activities. It was found that students, at the most, correctly solved the problems directly linked to data for crops, but failed to respond properly to problems involving the laws of the functions or graphical representation in a system of Cartesian axes. In the activity of discussing data provided by the technical, it was noted that students were motivated, discussed and took the information for applying in their families´cultures. We conclude that in applying contextual issues is necessary, first, to review prerequisites concepts, so students have more autonomy in the resolutions and understand the contents involved. As a suggestion for application in other classes, we constructed a sequence of activities, with problems related to the cultivation of tobacco, corn and beans, presented as the product of this research, available also on CDROM. / Nesta dissertação, relata-se o desenvolvimento de um trabalho de pesquisa com alunos de 8ª série do Ensino Fundamental, com resolução de problemas contextualizados para o ensino de funções polinomiais de 1º grau. A pesquisa é de caráter qualitativo e usou-se a metodologia de Ensino-Aprendizagem-Avaliação para resolução de problemas. A investigação teve como objetivo geral analisar as possibilidades de trabalhar o conceito de função com alunos de 8ª série do Ensino Fundamental, a partir da resolução de problemas relacionados ao cultivo de produtos agrícolas. Contou-se com 22 alunos de uma escola rural, localizada no município de Candelária, RS. Na coleta de dados, fez-se uso de questionários, com perguntas mistas, bem como observações das atividades desenvolvidas. O projeto teve três etapas: na primeira, aplicou-se questionário para coletar dados sobre a produção agrícola das famílias dos alunos; na segunda, houve palestra de um técnico da EMATER, sobre as culturas e na terceira, realizou-se com os alunos a sequência de atividades planejadas. Constatou-se que os estudantes, em sua maioria, solucionaram corretamente os problemas diretamente ligados aos dados relativos às culturas, mas não conseguiram responder corretamente aos problemas que envolviam leis das funções ou a sua representação gráfica em um sistema de eixos cartesianos. Na atividade de discussão dos dados trazidos pelo técnico, notou-se que os alunos motivaram-se, discutiram e aproveitaram as informações para aplicação nas culturas familiares. Conclui-se que, para aplicar problemas contextualizados, é necessário, primeiramente, revisar conceitos pré-requisitos, para que os alunos tenham mais autonomia nas resoluções e compreendam os conteúdos envolvidos. Como sugestão para aplicação em outras turmas, construiu-se uma sequência de atividades, com problemas relacionados às culturas de fumo, milho e feijão, apresentada como produto da pesquisa, disponibilizada também em CD-ROM.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Esta tese apresenta uma pesquisa qualitativa sobre os processos educativos gerados na busca pela convivÃncia com o semiÃrido brasileiro- SAB. A proposta de convivÃncia com o SAB aponta o fracasso da lÃgica de combate à seca, como meio de fixar e integrar o SAB no contexto da NaÃÃo. Nela, o processo de rejeiÃÃo ao ecossistema presente na lÃgica do combate à seca, vem a ser substituÃdo por uma postura crÃtica de compreensÃo, com base numa relaÃÃo de respeito Ãs coisas, pelo que elas sÃo, pelo que possuem de intrÃnseco e que tenta e quer aprender e apreender a sua lÃgica interna. Portanto, parte-se do pressuposto de que Ã, alÃm de possÃvel, conveniente e pertinente conviver com a seca e com o SAB, atravÃs de vivÃncias e de prÃticas solidÃrias de educaÃÃo. E, embora haja o reconhecimento de que a proposta de convivÃncia nÃo esteja pronta, existe uma ideia do conjunto dos elementos que a compÃem e do sentido que compreende a proposta, cujo elemento fundante reside na unidade entre humanidade e natureza, explicitando a centralidade da relaÃÃo com a natureza como elemento organizador da vida social e de todo a sociabilidade no SAB. A educaÃÃo à considerada o elemento central e estruturante da proposta de convivÃncia com o SAB, em funÃÃo do seu alcance e poder de difusÃo ideolÃgico e cultural, que permite trabalhar a mudanÃa de leitura de mundo, de valores e de ideias de representaÃÃo social da natureza dominante. Paulo Freire nos lembra que se a educaÃÃo nÃo pode tudo, porÃm sem ela nÃo dà para pensar uma nova sociedade justa e equÃnime. E, se a escola ainda reproduz uma visÃo do SAB, apresentando-o como lugar inviÃvel, com precÃrias condiÃÃes de vida, ressaltando os preconceitos e os estereÃtipos em torno dele e de quem nele vive, ela Ã, tambÃm, um espaÃo privilegiado e lÃcus de construÃÃo do conhecimento. Pelo alcance que possui, pode propiciar uma reflexÃo no e sobre o universo escolar, que viabilize um novo diÃlogo sobre a relaÃÃo humanidade-natureza, tecendo, junto, o fio do novo paradigma para aprender, reaprender a viver e conviver no SAB. A pesquisa objetivou compreender como o projeto polÃtico pedagÃgico da Escola FamÃlia AgrÃcola Dom Fragoso, localizada no municÃpio de IndependÃncia, relaciona e incorpora os princÃpios e os fundamentos da proposta de convivÃncia com o semiÃrido da ArticulaÃÃo no SemiÃrido Brasileiro â ASA, na contextualizaÃÃo dos seus processos e prÃticas educativas. A experiÃncia educativa da Escola vem promovendo a ampliaÃÃo do espaÃo pÃblico para o debate polÃtico sobre a convivÃncia com o semiÃrido e a contextualizaÃÃo da educaÃÃo dentro dos princÃpios da pedagogia da convivÃncia com o SAB. A anÃlise dos resultados nos revela que os/as estudantes da EFA Dom Fragoso levam os saberes sobre a convivÃncia como uma dÃdiva a ser transportada, que, ao migrar, se espalha, vai para as escolas pÃblicas do campo, da cidade, vai para as comunidades, invade os sindicatos rurais, ocupa novos espaÃos e participa como um dos protagonistas da grande rede de relaÃÃes e de sociabilidade presentes, atualmente, no SAB. O semiÃrido pode ser interpretado como o lugar de todos nÃs, humanos e nÃo humanos, que habitamos o planeta Terra. A sua singularidade pode ser lida como uma metÃfora para se pensar um mundo novo, uma terra prometida e uma humanidade nova cujo trabalho da educaÃÃo e da pedagogia da convivÃncia nos leva a crer num futuro para esse forte, adorÃvel e velho planeta, desde que se consagre a celebraÃÃo do Contrato Natural. / This thesis presents a qualitative research about the educational processes generated on the search for coexistence with Brazilian semiarid â SAB. The proposal of coexisting with SAB points out the failure of the fighting dry climate logic as a way of fixating and integrating SAB in the context of the nation. In it, the process of rejection to the present ecosystem on the fighting dry climate logic gets replaced by a critical stand of comprehension, based on a relation of respect for things for what they are, for what they have of intrinsic that attempts to capture its internal logic. Therefore, it is assumed that it is possible, convenient and pertinent to live with dry climate and SAB, through experiences and solidarity practices of education. And, even thought it is recognized that the proposal of coexistence is not ready, there is an idea of the set of elements that compose it and of the meaning that conceive the proposal, which founding element lies on unity between mankind and nature, showing the centrality of the relation with nature as element that organizes social life and all sociability at SAB. Education is considerer the main and structuring element of the proposal of coexisting with SAB, because of its reach and power of ideological and cultural diffusion, which allows working the change of reading of the world, of values and of ideas of social representation of the dominant nature. Paulo Freire reminds us that education canât do everything, however, without it, a new fair and unanimous society cannot be conceived. And if school stills reproduces a vision of SAB, presenting it as an unviable place with precarious live conditions, highlighting the prejudice and stereotypes around it and those who live in it, it also is a privileged place and locus of construction of knowledge. By the reach that it possesses, it could propitiate a reflection at and about the scholar universe, which makes possible a new dialogue about the relation mankind-nature, weaving along the thread of the new paradigm to learn, relearn to live and coexist at SAB. The research objectified to understand how the political pedagogical project of FamÃlia AgrÃcola Dom Fragoso School, located on the city of IndependÃncia, related and incorporates the principles and fundaments of the proposal of coexisting with semiarid from the Articulation at Brazilian Semiarid â ASA, in the contextualization of its processes and educational practices. The educational experience of the school have been promoting the enlargement of the public space for political debate about the coexistence with semiarid and the contextualization of education according to the principles of pedagogy of the coexistence with SAB. The analysis of the results shows us that the students of EFA Dom Fragoso carry the knowledge about the coexistence as a gift to be carried that, as it migrates, it spreads to the public schools of the country, of the city, goes to communities, invades rural syndicates, occupies new spaces and participates as a main character of the large net of relations and of sociability that are present currently on SAB. The semiarid may be interpreted as the place for us all, human and nonhuman, that inhabit planet Earth. Its uniqueness may be read as a metaphor to think a new world, a promised land and a new mankind, whose work of education and of pedagogy of the coexistence leads us to believing in a future for this strong, lovely and old planet, as long as it is sanctified the celebration of the Natural Contract.

Cette thèse se veut une étude comparative des médias dans trois différents pays (les États-Unis, la France et la Corée du Sud). Partant des rapports industriels et des recherches universitaires réalisés dans les différents pays, ce travail compare à la fois la presse traditionnelle et sa version internet. Notre questionnement porte sur le dispositif de publication internet/papier. Nous illustrons ainsi l’écosystème actuel de la presse et ce, dans le cadre du développement des versions internet des sites des titres de presse. Il s’agit d’examiner le potentiel des versions web de la presse à garantir une meilleure contextualisation de l’actualité à l’aide de technologies de l’internet. La recherche se déroule en quatre étapes. Nous avons en effet mené successivement une analyse des marchés des médias, un examen morphologique de la presse, enfin nous avons réalisé une analyse de contenu et étudié les facteurs de contextualisation. Malgré les différences remarquées dans les marchés des médias des trois pays de notre corpus, la tendance vers le déclin de la presse traditionnelle est partagée. L’observation portée sur les morphologies des journaux nous a permis de comparer les ressemblances nationales et de distinguer les différences dans les offres journalistiques. Notre analyse de contenu présente les principales formes d’écriture utilisées par les éditeurs sur internet, notamment la pratique de l’hypertexte et du multimédia. L’analyse qualitative sur l’arborescence des liens et sur la nature de la contextualisation nous a autorisé à identifier de nombreuses carences dans la manière dont les éditeurs de presse exploitent leurs sites web. Ceci nous permet donc de penser que la mobilisation de la technologie par la presse sera optimale lorsque le travail journalistique assurera le traitement essentiel de l’information. / This study compares the morphology and content formats of the traditional newspapers and their web sites in three different countries (United States, France and South Korea). It explores how the online environment changes content format from the traditional newspaper format. By focusing on the diversity of market environments within a common framework, this research proposes different types of analysis to illustrate today’s newspaper in a continually changing environment. Chapter 2 focuses on the observation of the environments of the three countries, which influence the traditional and online newspaper sectors. The thesis highlights that, despite the difference in the newspaper industry in the three countries, the traditional model of journalism suffers continued decline of revenue and audience in all three. Chapter 3 studies the morphology of the newspapers and their web sites and notes national similarities, centering on daily newspapers. The research design is completed by content analysis. Chapter 4 analyzes the content forms between the newspapers and their web sites, especially the hyperlink practice and the presence of multimedia content. Chapter 5 is devoted to contextualization capacity of Internet news by analyzing hyperlinks’ trajectory, as proposed by selected newspapers and news-sites. However, the study also showed that the traditional newspapers’ web sites still fall short in using this potential. The utility of the technology for newspapers will only be fulfilled if the journalism resources ensure the essential treatment of information.

This research contextualizes the measurability of African musical arts (including music, dance, drama, poetry and costume art as an integrated whole), through the introduction of a generic evaluation system, which can be implemented outside its culture of origin as recontextualized authenticity. An assessment system is developed, entitled, The Generic Crosscultural Assessment Framework for African Musical Arts. The Framework illustrates that: the cultural-educational void between African/indigenous/informal and international/formal music education can be crossed; the development of a reliable, valid and objective evaluation system for African musical arts assessment, which can be recognized internationally to the satisfaction of Western and African cultures, is possible. African musical arts has only fairly recently begun to be integrated into formal education systems and music curricula for schools and tertiary institutions. At this stage, there is no structured curriculum available for African musical arts in schools. The need for structuring a Framework for contemporary African musical arts assessment, from which a curriculum could be developed, is clear. The contextualization of the main problem of the research, namely the measurability of African musical arts, took place through: exploration of cultural diversity; translation between cultures; music-cultural integration processes in assessment; cross-cultural dialogue; the learning, teaching and grading situations in different cultures and systems and the integration of different ‘voices’ from many disciplines. Globalization and change were essential concepts in this research. The choice of the research designs for this thesis was informed by Western as well as African indigenous music philosophies. A combination of documentary research design (with literature review, content analysis) and deconstruction theory study designs was conducted within the qualitative paradigm. The reseach focused on intercultural understanding and communication, as well as its emic/etic, or insider/outsider approach. The most important aspects of the research focused, firstly, on Social Studies including Ethnomusicology, Translation Studies, Inter-Cultural and Cross-Cultural Studies; secondly, on Educational Studies including assessment standards, philosophies and systems; thirdly, on African Musical Arts; and finally, on contemplating the syntheses of all above named outcomes in relation to generic cross-cultural standards. The emphasis of the thesis is on music-cultural integration processes in assessment of progressive skills development. / Thesis (DMus)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / gm2013 / Music / unrestricted

In this master thesis we describe a method for linking named entities in a given text to a knowledge base - Named Entity Linking. Using a deep neural architecture together with BERT contextualized word embeddings we created a semi-supervised model that jointly performs Named Entity Recognition and Named Entity Disambiguation. The model outputs a Wikipedia ID for each entity detected in an input text. To compute contextualized word embeddings we used pre-trained BERT without making any changes to it (no fine-tuning). We experimented with components of our model and various versions of BERT embeddings. Moreover, we tested several different ways of using the contextual embeddings. Our model is evaluated using standard metrics and surpasses scores of models that were establishing the state of the art before the expansion of pre-trained contextualized models. The scores of our model are comparable to current state-of-the-art models.

The Chinese language has become an increasingly important Asian language for American students and more and more of them have a desire to learn it. The problems and the difficulties that Chinese foreign language (CFL) learners have when they try to use their knowledge of new vocabulary in reading comprehension are apparent. Previous studies have described some aspects that may influence reading comprehension and have indicated that Chinese is a relatively difficult language for native speakers of American English, but there are few studies that have focused on improving CFL learners' Chinese reading comprehension. This study investigates the effect of pre-learning vocabulary and contextualized word learning strategies on Chinese reading comprehension. The purpose of this study is to examine whether pre-learning vocabulary and contextualized word learning positively affect CFL learners' reading comprehension. The results show that pre-learning vocabulary does not have a positive effect on Chinese reading comprehension and that although contextualized word learning positively affects CFL learners' reading comprehension the effect is not significant. This study also gives relative analysis.