Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:33:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Evandro Santos Reis.pdf: 1668303 bytes, checksum: 54b6d723a5534605fddbb511f0d9acd1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-13 / This research presents study about the interaction and conversational of the character´s dialogue made. The aimed objective is to examine the interaction and the strategies that interactants use during the oral communication face to face. To do so, we have used the play thay do not wear black tie as our corpus. We seek in this play strategies of which the characters are worthy at the interaction, taking into account the contextual situations and relationships that involves them. We also seek to analyze the implicit messages present in the character´s speeches of the text we have chosen for our research. We seek to achieve the purposes of the study supported by the concepts and theoretical frameworks of sociolinguistics, discourse analysis and conversation analysis. This research enabled us to realize that it is possible to consider a dialogue made as a model of communicative competence, in which participants use discursive strategies as metamessages to achieve their goals at the time interaction / Esta pesquisa apresenta um estudo sobre a interação e as estratégias conversacionais das personagens do diálogo construído. O objetivo visado é a análise da interação e das estratégias que os interactantes utilizam durante a interlocução a comunicação oral face a face. Para tanto, utilizamos a peça Eles não usam black-tie como nosso corpus. Buscamos na obra as estratégias das quais as personagens se valem na interação, considerando a situação contextual que as envolvem e as relações entre elas. Também buscamos analisar as mensagens implícitas presentes nas falas das personagens do texto que escolhemos para nossa pesquisa. Procuramos atingir os propósitos do estudo amparados pelos conceitos e arcabouços teóricos da Sociolinguística, da Análise do discurso e da Análise da conversação. A pesquisa nos possibilitou perceber que é possível considerar um diálogo construído como um modelo de competência comunicativa, em que os participantes utilizam estratégias discursivas como a metamensagens para atingir seus objetivos no ato interacional

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:33:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Pereira Penedo.pdf: 1088688 bytes, checksum: ba1ac111d8dd6481a81ff84f21e68e8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-14 / This study aims to identify markers and conversational strategies used by the characters in the dialogue of fiction. We use excerpts taken from the corpus selected for analysis of dialogue built, the novel The new, the storyteller mining Luiz Vilella. In the work, we highlight the schemes used by the characters in different communicative situations and observe the rich set of examples of typical variations of oral language. The corpus is not a transcript, but replaces the recordings of conversations in natural situations. Constructions of lines of characters created by Vilela, often approaching the reality spoken language of the reader. Vilela transmits information regarding the interaction process for the construction of his dialogues, transforming its texts into excellent source of study of conversation through written texts / Este estudo tem por finalidade identificar marcadores e estratégias conversacionais utilizadas pelas personagens no diálogo de ficção. Utilizamos trechos retirados do corpus selecionado para análise do diálogo construído, do romance Os novos, do contista mineiro Luiz Vilella. Na obra, podemos destacar os esquemas utilizados pelas personagens em diferentes situações de comunicação e observar o rico exemplário de variações típicas da linguagem oral. O corpus não representa uma transcrição, mas substitui as gravações de conversações em situações naturais. As construções das falas das personagens criadas por Vilela, muitas vezes se aproximam da realidade linguística falada do leitor. Vilela transmite informações inerentes ao processo interacional para a construção de seus diálogos, transformando seus textos em excelente fonte de estudo da conversação por meio de textos escritos

Personer med kommunikationsnedsättning gällande språk, tal eller röst, samt personer med kognitiva svårigheter som påverkar kommunikationsförmågan, kan få stöd av tolk anställd vid Taltjänst. Beroende på individens behov kan tolken ge stöttning på olika sätt och i olika situationer. För att tolken ska kunna stötta tolkanvändaren vid samtal med en tredje part brukar förberedande samtal genomföras. En tidigare studie har visat att förberedande samtal hade en avgörande roll för att gemensam grund skulle kunna uppnås i samtal mellan tolk, tolkanvändare och tredje part. Utifrån detta syftade föreliggande studie till att undersöka hur uppbyggandet av gemensam grund gick till under förberedande samtal mellan tolk och tolkanvändare. Ytterligare ett syfte med studien var att undersöka tolkars och tolkanvändares upplevelse av taltjänsttolkning.   Åtta tolkanvändare, med varierande svårigheter, och fem tolkar deltog i studien. Materialet bestod av inspelningar från åtta förberedande samtal och tolv intervjuer. Intervjuerna med tolkar och tolkanvändare analyserades utifrån innehållsmässiga komponenter. Under intervjuerna med tolkanvändare framkom att tolkanvändare upplever att det är lättare att samtala med personer de känner. Under intervjuerna med tolkar framkom att samtliga tolkar anser att förberedande samtal är viktigt inför samtal med tredje part. Det inspelade materialet av förberedande samtal transkriberades och analyserades. Resultatet visar att olika samtalsstrategier kan användas för att tolk och tolkanvändare ska nå gemensam grund. Tre samtalsstrategier som användes för uppbyggande av gemensam grund identifierades; begäran om förtydligande & begäran om bekräftelse av förståelse, visuellt stöd samt ljud & kroppsspråk. Tolkar använder sig i samtliga samtal av begäran om förtydligande och begäran om bekräftelse av förståelse. Både tolkar och tolkanvändare använder sig i merparten av samtalen av visuellt stöd. Icke-lexikala ljud och kroppsspråk används i de flesta samtal, oftast av tolkanvändare, men ibland även av tolkar. I de flesta av de studerade samtalen används en kombination av samtalsstrategier. Föreliggande studies resultat kan bidra till att medvetandegöra strategier som tolkar anställda vid Taltjänst använder sig av, vilket eventuellt kan leda till mer effektiv tolkning i framtiden. / People with communication disorders involving language, speech, voice, and cognitive impairment affecting the ability to communicate, can be provided with an interpreter from Speech Interpreter Service as a means of support. The interpreter provides the user with support specified to their needs. Preparatory conversations held between the interpreter and the user prior to a meeting with a third party are customary. A previous study has shown that preparatory conversations were crucial in order to reach common ground between interpreter, user and a third party. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate how the interpreter and the user establish common ground during preparatory conversations. A further aim was to investigate how interpreters and users experience Speech Interpreter Service.   Eight users with various communication disorders and five interpreters participated in the study. The data consisted of eight preparatory conversations and twelve interviews. The interviews with interpreters and users were analysed based on content. The interviews with users showed that they think it is easier to talk to people they know. The interviews with interpreters showed that they consider preparatory conversations before a meeting with a third party to be important. The data from preparatory conversations was transcribed and analysed. The result shows that various conversational strategies may be used in order to establish common ground between interpreter and user. The analysis revealed three conversational strategies beneficial to establishment of common ground between interpreter and user; clarification request & candidate understanding, visual support, and sounds & body language. Interpreters used clarification requests and candidate understandings in all preparatory conversations. Both users and interpreters used visual support in most conversations. Non-lexical sounds and body language was also used in most conversations, particulary by users but also by interpreters. The result of the present study may contribute to awareness raising of which conversation strategies interpreters are using, that might possibly lead to even more effective interpreting in the future.

Cette thèse aborde la reformulation dans des discussions entre jeunes Libanais francophones. Après une approche lexicologique de formuler/reformuler/reformulation qui vise à faire émerger leurs spécificités par rapport à dire/redire, énoncer/réénoncer, etc., et une tentative de trouver une unité à l’objet discursif qu’est la reformulation, une double approche des reformulations du corpus est engagée. La première, linguistique, dresse une typologie de ce phénomène dans le corpus. Se voulant globale, elle prend en compte des critères linguistiques (phonologique, sémantique, lexical, morphosyntaxiques) et d’autres qui relèvent de la dimension interactive dans laquelle s’inscrivent les reformulations (instances, initiation et rôle de la reformulation dans le discours). Le principal apport de cette approche qualitative et quantitative est d’avoir montré l’aspect central de la morphosyntaxe dans le marquage des reformulations nuançant ainsi les approches du phénomène à travers les marqueurs lexicaux et les connecteurs. La deuxième approche se centre sur les locuteurs et sur leur statut de non-natifs en s’interrogeant sur le potentiel des reformulations à nous renseigner sur leur compétence de communication. De plus, le travail se penche sur des phénomènes de contacts de langues dans le cadre de l’activité reformulatoire des locuteurs dans le corpus. Cette thèse se consacre enfin, dans le cadre théorique de la grammaticalisation/pragmaticalisation, à l’étude d’un marqueur discursif du dialecte libanais «jæʕne» qui fait irruption dans le discours des locuteurs et témoigne, entre autres emplois, de celui de marqueur de reformulation. Les emplois de jæʕne sont considérés aussi comme des phénomènes de contacts de langue d’une part dans le cadre d’alternance codique et d’autre part, à travers des calques opérés par les locuteurs sur c’est-à-dire. / This PhD thesis approaches reformulation in conversations between young francophone Lebanese. It starts with a lexicological approach of the words formulate/reformulate/reformulation in order to emphasize their differences with say/say again, utter/utter again and goes on with a deep analysis of reformulation as a discursive object, followed by a two-fold approach of the occurrences in the corpus. The first approach is a linguistic one and also deals with the interactional dimension of reformulations. Quantitative and qualitative analyses emphasize the role of morphosyntax in marking reformulations, completing the approaches based on discourse markers and connectives. The second approach, focusing on the speakers, takes into account their non-native speaker status. We are questioning here the way in which reformulations can provide information about their communicative competence. Reformulation is seen as a communicative strategy they use in order to solve communication problems. Our work ends with the analysis of a Lebanese French discourse marker, jæʕne, used by the speakers to indicate reformulation (among other things). The first part of the analysis draws a typology of all its uses within the grammaticalization/pragmaticalization framework while the second one studies it as a language contact phenomenon.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:34:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eliana Maria de Jesus.pdf: 743863 bytes, checksum: 4f364f3ddf91d64369a2fa2acb479449 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-11-28 / Secretaria do Estado e Educação / From the theme Estratégias conversacionais na interação de Dois perdidos numa noite suja , de Plínio Marcos, this research puts in matter questions related to verbal interactions, particularly, the ones that are related to the conversational strategy, specificaly, the preservation of the face, frame and footing, as an attempt to the approaching of the dialogues of a literary work to the ideal models of the conversational strategy typical of the interation face to face. We have chosen for the accomplishment of our study one literary corpus, specified, a theatrical text, because the dialogues analised retract the spontaneity of the language. In this reaserch, we stand by theorically, in Analysis of the Conversation in a socialinteractionist perspective. We observed the mechanisms employed to formulate/reformulate the strategies adopted during the development of the conversational interaction. We ve found out, as defend Tannen, Lakoff and Preti, that the dialogue of fiction presents, in fact, a fertile material for the linguistics studies related to the oral language / A partir do tema Estratégias conversacionais na interação de Dois perdidos numa noite suja, de Plínio Marcos , esta pesquisa coloca em pauta questões relativas às interações verbais, particularmente, as que se referem às estratégias conversacionais, especificamente, a preservação da face, frame e footing, na tentativa de aproximação dos diálogos de um texto literário aos modelos ideais de estratégias conversacionais próprios da interação face a face. Escolhemos para a realização dos nossos estudos um corpus literário, especificamente um texto teatral, por acreditarmos que os diálogos analisados retratam a espontaneidade da linguagem. Consideramos nos exemplos selecionados para a análise, não apenas os aspectos relacionados à identidade social das personagens, mas também as características da situação de comunicação em que os diálogos ocorrem Nesta pesquisa, apoiamo-nos teoricamente, na Análise da Conversação na perspectiva sociointeracionista. Buscamos observar os mecanismos empregados para se formular/reformular as estratégias adotadas durante o desenvolvimento da interação conversacional. Constatamos, tal como defendem Tannen, Lakoff e Preti, que o diálogo de ficção apresenta, de fato, um material fértil para os estudos lingüísticos voltados à língua oral