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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
151

Experiências de guerra: o relato do jornalista e os meios de reprodução técnica

Miranda, Fernando Albuquerque 17 September 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-10T11:02:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandoalbuquerquemiranda.pdf: 14355774 bytes, checksum: 4f55348fa913688858e0f7b3240b64be (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-15T12:43:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandoalbuquerquemiranda.pdf: 14355774 bytes, checksum: 4f55348fa913688858e0f7b3240b64be (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-15T12:43:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandoalbuquerquemiranda.pdf: 14355774 bytes, checksum: 4f55348fa913688858e0f7b3240b64be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-17 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A pesquisa tem por objetivo realizar uma análise dos relatos de guerra dos jornalistas Euclides da Cunha, Joel Silveira, José Hamilton Ribeiro e Sérgio Dávila. Parte-se dos livros que reúnem as experiências destes autores como correspondentes dos conflitos de Canudos, da Segunda Guerra Mundial, da Guerra do Vietnã e da Guerra do Iraque, respectivamente, para discutir as transformações ocasionadas nos relatos em uma perspectiva histórica. O suporte teórico básico concentra-se nas ideias de Walter Benjamin sobre as perdas da experiência e da aura da obra de arte na época de sua reprodutibilidade técnica com o crescente processo de industrialização das sociedades. Autores como o filósofo Paul Virilio, e suas abordagens acerca das apropriações dos meios de comunicação como verdadeiras máquinas de guerra, e Guy Debord, e suas interpretações sobre a precedência da imagem na denominada “sociedade do espetáculo” nas interações sociais, são interpretados nos estudos da produção textual dos citados jornalistas-autores. Como suporte à análise e interpretação do texto, recorre-se aos operadores de leitura da narrativa coligidos por Arnaldo Franco Junior. O jornalista, que tem nos meios de comunicação importantes instrumentos para o desempenho de sua função, não ficou imune às mudanças decretadas pela evolução tecnológica dos meios de reprodução técnica, tendo levado a influência do momento sociocultural em que atuou para sua escrita e consequente representação das guerras mencionadas. / This research entends to accomplish an analisys of war narratives of journalists Euclides da Cunha, Joel Silveira, José Hamilton Ribeiro and Sérgio Dávila. At first, it has brought by the books that gather and condensate these authors' experiences altogether as war reporteres on the conflicts Canudos, World War II, Vietnam War, Iraque, respectively, to discuss the transformations in the narratives from a historical perspective. The basic theoric support concentrates on Walter Benjamin's ideas on the loss of experience and art piece's loss of the aura on the age of its technical reproduction with the crescent industrialization process of societies. Authors such as Paul Virilio and his approaches on communication media as true war machines, and Guy Debord and his interpretations on the precedence of the image in the so called “spectacle society” in social interactions, are studied along with the fore told journalist-authors textual production. Functioning as support to the analisys and the interpretation the reading operators gathered by Arnaldo Franco Junior were carefuly utilized. The Journalist, who has it in the communication media important instruments to his function compliance, did not get immune to the changes decreted by tecnological evolution of tecnical reproduction, influencing his writing with the sociocultural moment along with he acted and its consecutive war representation mentioned above.
152

A circulação e a escrita de cartas do governador geral do Estado do Brasil Francisco Barreto (1657-1663) / The Exchange and act of writing letters of the State of Brasil¿s General Governor Francisco Barreto (1657-1663)

Mendes, Caroline Garcia 22 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Leila Mezan Algranti / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T15:07:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mendes_CarolineGarcia_M.pdf: 1744023 bytes, checksum: a2eb8aa17bb05b577d0474b1742c8d02 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa propõe a análise da correspondência utilizada para administrar o Estado do Brasil entre os anos de 1657 e 1663 no governo-geral de Francisco Barreto. O intuito é discorrer sobre a importância da escrita de cartas no século XVII no Brasil e na Europa, analisando a correspondência enviada por esse governador geral não só para o Reino, como também para o interior da colônia A intenção é investigar e compreender como se dava a comunicação entre vassalos na possessão ultramarina e conselheiros/monarca em Portugal, reconstruindo ainda o percurso de notícias e cartas até chegarem aos seus destinos. Por fim, discutiremos o conteúdo das cartas de Francisco Barreto, tratando dos principais assuntos abordados / Abstract: In this research we propose to analyze the correspondence that was used to administrate the State of Brazil through the years 1657-1663 during the general-government of Francisco Barreto. Our aim is to demonstrate the importance of the act of writing letters during the 17th century in Brazil and Europe by analyzing the correspondence that was sent by this "general-governor" not only to the Crown, but also to the colony's interior. Our intention is to investigate and comprehend how the communication between vassals on the "ultramarine possession" and councilors/the King in Portugal operated, and reconstruct the route taken by news and letters until they reached their destinations. At last, we shall discuss the content of these letters from Francisco Barreto, assessing the mains topics that were addressed / Mestrado / Politica, Memoria e Cidade / Mestra em História
153

Em busca da renovatio cristã : simonia e institucionalidade eremítica na correspondência de Pedro Damiano (1041-1072) / The search for christian renewal : simony and eremitic institutionality in correspondence of Peter Damian (1041-1072)

Bovo, Claudia Regina, 1979- 20 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Néri de Barros Almeida / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T16:44:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bovo_ClaudiaRegina_D.pdf: 8204077 bytes, checksum: 662793c87739b05cd81015a90585f2f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Pedro Damiano (1007-1072), eremita e cardeal-bispo, foi por muito tempo valorizado como fonte indispensável para a compreensão da "Reforma Gregoriana". Importante autoridade espiritual de Fonte Avellana e da Sé de Ravena, ele envolveu-se nos debates sobre as ações de renovação nos meios monástico e episcopal, tornando-se cardeal-bispo de Óstia e legado papal. Em sua correspondência, as iniciativas de renovação cristã concentraram-se no processo de identificação, denúncia e castigo da corrupção eclesiástica, no qual o combate à simonia, a experiência eremítica e a sacralização patrimonial adquiriram influência decisiva. Dessa maneira, é nosso objetivo investigar se o apelo de renovação cristã construído por Damiano teve como foco a transformação da Sé romana ou era apenas um movimento localizado em defesa das imunidades e isenções conquistadas por mosteiros e ermidas submetidos à sua autoridade. Além disso, pretendemos dimensionar o lugar dos referenciais monásticos, especialmente aqueles de origem cenobítico-eremítica, para fundamentação de suas ações "reformadoras". Numa clara articulação entre a definição dos lugares sociais e o uso político dessa identificação, as perspectivas de renovação cristã construídas por Pedro Damiano inseriram-se no debate a respeito da estruturação do poder eclesiástico no seio da sociedade feudal / Abstract: Peter Damian (1007-1072), hermit and cardinal-bishop, is recognized as an important reference of "Gregorian Reform". Spiritual authority of Fonte Avellana and Ravena's See, he was involved in discussions about the actions of renewal in monastic and episcopal circles and became cardinal-bishop of Ostia and papal legacy. In Peter Damian's letters, the development of Christian renewal had been concentrated in the process of identification, denunciation and punishment of the ecclesiastical corruption, in which the fight against simony, the eremitical experience and the sacralization of patrimony decisively influenced. Thus, our objective is to investigate if the appeal of Christian renewal built by Damian was focused on the transformation of the Roman See, or was just a defense of the immunities an exemptions conquered by monasteries and hermitages submitted to his authority. Additionally, we intend to measure the importance of the monastic references, especially those grounds cenobitical-eremitic references, in the Damian's reforming actions. Coordinating the definition of social places and political use of this identification, the prospects for Christian renewal built by Peter Damian were inserted in the debate about the structure of ecclesiastical power in feudal society / Doutorado / Historia Cultural / Doutor em História
154

Ontology-based cooperation of information systems : contributions to database-to-ontology mapping and XML-to-ontology mapping / Coopération des systèmes d'information basée sur les ontologies

Ghawi, Raji 15 March 2010 (has links)
Cette thèse traite le domaine de coopération des systèmes d'informations basée sur les ontologies. Nous proposons une architecture globale, appelée OWSCIS, qui se base sur les ontologies et les services-web pour la coopération des systèmes d'informations distribués et hétérogènes. Dans cette thèse, nous focalisons sur la problématique de connexion des sources d'informations locales vers des ontologies locales dans le cadre de l'architecture OWSCIS. Cette problématique est articulée en trois axes principaux: 1) la création de l'ontologie locale des sources d'informations locales, 2) la mise en correspondance des sources d'informations locales avec l'ontologie locale, et 3) la traduction des requêtes sur l'ontologie locale vers des requêtes sur les sources d'informations locales. / This thesis treats the area of ontology-based cooperation of information systems. We propose a global architecture called OWSCIS that is based on ontologies and web-services for the cooperation of distributed heterogeneous information systems. In this thesis, we focus on the problem of connecting the local information sources to the local ontologies within OWSCIS architecture. This problem is articulated by three main axes: 1) the creation of the local ontology from the local information sources, 2) the mapping of local information sources to an existing local ontology, and 3) the translation of queries over the local ontologies into queries over local information sources.
155

Polarization stereoscopic imaging prototype / Prototype d'imagerie polarimétrique stéréoscopique

Iqbal, Mohammad 02 November 2011 (has links)
La polarisation de la lumière, phénomène physique parfaitement maîtrisé, a été introduit depuis une dizaine d'années seulement dans le domaine de l'imagerie. En effet, tout comme l'œil humain, les capteurs ne sont pas, par construction, sensible à la polarisation de la lumière. Cette propriété particulièrement intéressante ne peut être obtenue qu'en ajoutant des composants optiques aux caméras classiques. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est de développer un système à la fois stéréoscopique et sensible à l'état de polarisation. En effet, de nombreux insectes dans la nature, comme les abeilles par exemple, ont la capacité à s'orienter dans l'espace et à extraire des informations pertinentes issues de la polarisation. Le prototype ainsi développé doit permettre de reconstruire en trois dimensions des points d'intérêt tout en associant à ces points un ensemble de paramètres relatifs à l'état de polarisation. Le système proposé ici est constitué de deux caméras équipés chacune de deux composants à cristaux liquides permettant d'obtenir deux images avec des orientations de polarisation différentes. Pour chaque acquisition, quatre images sont obtenues : deux pour chacune des caméras. Le verrou majeur soulevé ici est la possibilité de remonter à des informations de polarisation à partir de deux caméras différentes. Après une première étape de calibration géométrique et photométrique, la mise en correspondance des points d'intérêt est rendue délicate en raison des composants optiques placés devant les objectifs. Une étude approfondie des différentes méthodes de mise en correspondance a permis de sélectionner la méthode la moins sensible aux effets de polarisation. Une fois les points mis en correspondance, les paramètres de polarisation de chacun des points sont calculés à partir des quatre valeurs issues des quatre images acquises. Les résultats obtenus sur des scènes réelles montrent la faisabilité et l'intérêt d'un tel système pour des applications robotiques. / The polarization of light was introduced last ten years ago in the field of imaging system is a physical phenomenon that can be controlled for the purposes of the vision system. As that found in the human eyes, in general the imaging sensors are not under construction which is sensitive to the polarization of light. These properties can be measured by adding optical components on a conventional camera. The purpose of this thesis is to develop an imaging system that is sensitive both to the stereoscopic and to the state of polarization. As well as the visual system on a various of insects in nature such as bees, that are have capability to move in space by extracted relevant information from the polarization. The developed prototype should be possible to reconstruct threedimensional of points of interest with the issues associated with a set of parameters of the state of polarization. The proposed system consists of two cameras, each camera equipped with liquid crystal components to obtain two images with different directions of polarization. For each acquisition, four images are acquired: two for each camera. Raised by the key of main capability to return polarization information from two different cameras. After an initial calibration step; geometric and photometric, the mapping of points of interest process is made difficult because of the optical components placed in front of different lenses. A detailed study of different methods of mapping was used to select sensitivity to the polarization effects. Once points are mapped, the polarization parameters of each point are calculated from the four values from four images acquired. The results on real scenes show the feasibility and desirability of this imaging system for robotic applications.
156

Flux backgrounds, AdS/CFT and Generalized Geometry / Milieux de flux, Ads/CFT et géométrie généralisée

Ntokos, Praxitelis 23 September 2016 (has links)
La recherche de solutions du vide en présence de flux non-triviaux dans la théorie des cordes est importante pour la construction de modèles pertinents à la phénomenologie de la physique des particules. Dans le cadre de la correspondance AdS/CFT, les théories de jauge en 4d, considérées comme descendantes de N=4 SYM, sont duales à des configurations de champs en 10d avec des géometries ayant un facteur AdS_5 asymptotiquement. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions des déformations de masse qui brisent la supersymétrie (partiellement ou totalement) du côté de la théorie des champs et qui sont duales aux états de la théorie IIB avec flux non-nuls du côté gravitique. Les équations du mouvement de la supergravité contraignent les paramètres de la théorie de jauge à satisfaire certaines relations. En particulier, nous trouvons que la somme des carrés de la masse des bosons est égale à celle fermions, rendant ces modèles problematiques pour des applications phénomenologiques. L'étude des théories duales de supergravité pour des déformations plus générales de la théorie conforme des champs exige des techniques qui vont au-delà des outils géometriques standards. La Géometrie Généralisée Exceptionelle fournit une façon très élégante d'intégrer les flux de supergravité dans la géometrie. Nous examinons les solutions AdS_5 avec des flux génériques conservants huit supercharges et nous montrons que celles-ci satisfont des relations particulièrement simples qui ont une interprétation géometrique dans le cadre de la Géometrie Généralisée. Ceci ouvre la voie pour l'étude systématique des déformations marginales supersymétriques de la théorie / The search for string theory vacuum solutions with non-trivial fluxes is of particular importance for the construction of models relevant for particle physics phenomenology. In the framework of the AdS/CFT correspondence, four-dimensional gauge theories which can be considered to descend from N = 4 SYM are dual to ten- dimensional field configurations with geometries having an asymptotically AdS_5 factor. In this Thesis, we study mass deformations that break supersymmetry (partially or entirely) on the field theory side and which are dual to type IIB backgrounds with non-zero fluxes on the gravity side. The supergravity equations of motion constrain the parameters on the gauge theory side to satisfy certain relations. In particular, we find that the sum of the squares of the boson masses should be equal to the sum of the squares of the fermion masses, making these set-ups problematic for phenomenology applications. The study of the supergravity duals for more general deformations of the conformal field theory requires techniques which go beyond the standard geometric tools. Exceptional Generalized Geometry provides a very elegant way to incorporate the supergravity fluxes in the geometry. We study AdS_5 backgrounds with generic fluxes preserving eight supercharges and we show that these satisfy particularly simple relations which admit a geometrical interpretation in the framework of Generalized Geometry. This opens the way for the systematic study of supersymmetric marginal deformations of the conformal field theory in the context of AdS/CFT.
157

Approximate string matching distance for image classification / Distance d’édition entre chaines d’histogrammes pour la classification d’images

Nguyen, Hong-Thinh 29 August 2014 (has links)
L'augmentation exponentielle du nombre d'images nécessite des moyens efficaces pour les classer en fonction de leur contenu visuel. Le sac de mot visuel (Bag-Of-visual-Words, BOW), en raison de sa simplicité et de sa robustesse, devient l'approche la plus populaire. Malheureusement, cette approche ne prend pas en compte de l'information spatiale, ce qui joue un rôle important dans les catégories de modélisation d'image. Récemment, Lazebnik ont introduit la représentation pyramidale spatiale (Spatial Pyramid Representation, SPR) qui a incorporé avec succès l'information spatiale dans le modèle BOW. Néanmoins, ce système de correspondance rigide empêche la SPR de gérer les variations et les transformations d'image. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'étudier un modèle de chaîne de correspondance plus souple qui prend l'avantage d'histogrammes de BOW locaux et se rapproche de la correspondance de la chaîne. Notre première contribution est basée sur une représentation en chaîne et une nouvelle distance d'édition (String Matching Distance, SMD) bien adapté pour les chaînes de l'histogramme qui peut calculer efficacement par programmation dynamique. Un noyau d'édition correspondant comprenant à la fois d'une pondération et d'un système pyramidal est également dérivée. La seconde contribution est une version étendue de SMD qui remplace les opérations d'insertion et de suppression par les opérations de fusion entre les symboles successifs, ce qui apporte de la souplesse labours et correspond aux images. Toutes les distances proposées sont évaluées sur plusieurs jeux de données tâche de classification et sont comparés avec plusieurs approches concurrentes / The exponential increasing of the number of images requires efficient ways to classify them based on their visual content. The most successful and popular approach is the Bag of visual Word (BoW) representation due to its simplicity and robustness. Unfortunately, this approach fails to capture the spatial image layout, which plays an important roles in modeling image categories. Recently, Lazebnik et al (2006) introduced the Spatial Pyramid Representation (SPR) which successfully incorporated spatial information into the BoW model. The idea of their approach is to split the image into a pyramidal grid and to represent each grid cell as a BoW. Assuming that images belonging to the same class have similar spatial distributions, it is possible to use a pairwise matching as similarity measurement. However, this rigid matching scheme prevents SPR to cope with image variations and transformations. The main objective of this dissertation is to study a more flexible string matching model. Keeping the idea of local BoW histograms, we introduce a new class of edit distance to compare strings of local histograms. Our first contribution is a string based image representation model and a new edit distance (called SMD for String Matching Distance) well suited for strings composed of symbols which are local BoWs. The new distance benefits from an efficient Dynamic Programming algorithm. A corresponding edit kernel including both a weighting and a pyramidal scheme is also derived. The performance is evaluated on classification tasks and compared to the standard method and several related methods. The new method outperforms other methods thanks to its ability to detect and ignore identical successive regions inside images. Our second contribution is to propose an extended version of SMD replacing insertion and deletion operations by merging operations between successive symbols. In this approach, the number of sub regions ie. the grid divisions may vary according to the visual content. We describe two algorithms to compute this merge-based distance. The first one is a greedy version which is efficient but can produce a non optimal edit script. The other one is an optimal version but it requires a 4th degree polynomial complexity. All the proposed distances are evaluated on several datasets and are shown to outperform comparable existing methods.
158

Les TIC, apports et enjeux pour le développement de la compétence textuelle : le cas des étudiants palestiniens en licence de FLE de l’université d’An-Najah / The ICT, relations and issues for the development of the textual competence : case of of Palestinian students who study French as a foreign language at An Najah National University

Bishawi, Wasim 07 January 2014 (has links)
Cette recherche tente d’étudier les effets de l’intégration pédagogique des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) sur l’acquisition de la compétence textuelle à court terme chez des étudiants palestiniens en licence de FLE de l'Université An-Najah. Il s’agit de faire découvrir les potentialités de ces technologies et de mettre en place un dispositif de correspondance en ligne entre natifs et non-natifs permettant d’intégrer des pratiques pédagogiques nouvelles au contexte palestinien.Ceci donne accès à l’écriture dans une situation de communication interactive, sociale et motivante au moyen d’outils de communication et de ressources en ligne(correcteurs, traducteurs, moteurs de recherche, etc.). L’objectif est d’améliorer les compétences micro- et macro-structurelles nécessaires à la rédaction d'un texte cohérent et cohésif correspondant au niveau B1+ du CECR.Dans cette recherche, nous avons adopté une perspective systémique dans une recherche-action afin de mieux comprendre les relations qu’entretient l’intégration des technologies avec les changements de pratiques pédagogiques dans l’établissement d’accueil. Nous avons donc mené une étude approfondie du terrain et une analyse de plusieurs textes produits par notre échantillon dans le cadre de l’expérimentation afin de mesurer les apports et les enjeux qu’entraîne le recours à l’utilisation des TIC. Les résultats montrent une progression au niveau micro-structurel (notamment sur le plan sémantique et morphosyntaxique) ainsi qu’une légère amélioration de la compétence macro-structurelle (notamment en ponctuation). / The researcher seeks to study the effects of the integrationof pedagogical techniques of information andcommunications technology (ICT) on the textual competence, in the short term, of Palestinian students who study French as a foreign language at An Najah National University. The researcher seeks to discover the potential of the technology via the creation of an online correspondence between native and non-native speakers, which allows forthe practice of new aspects of the language. This will fosterwriting in a socially communicative-interactive way, and willmotivate students to use different technological toolsavailable on the Internet, such as translation programs,spelling corrections, etc.The objective is to enhance the micro-competence and macro-structural, which are very important in a coherentand cohesive writing that matches level (B1+) of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages.In this research paper, the researcher adopted a systematicperspective in a research-action in order to have a betterunderstanding of the relationship between the integration of technology and the requirements of the pedagogical practices of the receptive institution.The expansive case study that the researcher worked on in the field and the analysis of several text-samples is the chosen mode of experimentation used to measure, as well as gauge, the relations and issues that lead to the use of ICT. The results show a progress in the micro-structurallevel (especially in the semantics and morphosyntax) aswell as a slight improvement in language proficiency(especially in punctuation).
159

Caritas Patriae : loyalisme politique et foi chrétienne. La correspondance entre Nectarius de Calama et Augustin d'Hippone. Epistulae 90-91 ; 103-104 (août 408-mars 409 ap J.-C.)) / Caritas Patriae : political loyalty and Christian faith. The correspondence between Nectarius of Calama and Augustin of Hippone. Epistulae 90-91 ; 103-104 (August 408 – March 409 AD)

Adroma Adrupiako, Frédéric 01 December 2017 (has links)
La reconnaissance du christianisme comme religion de l’Empire romain eut pour conséquence, au début du Ve siècle, la suppression radicale du culte païen, tel que l’atteste la Constitution Sirmondienne 12 de l’empereur Honorius, datée du 25 décembre 407. La promulgation de cette loi provoqua de violentes émeutes de la part des païens de Calama. Ils s’insurgeaient contre une décision qui niait maintenant une tradition multiséculaire qui avait assuré jusque-là le salut et la prospérité de l’Empire. Prenant la défense de ses concitoyens, Nectarius s’adressa alors à Augustin pour que celui-ci intervienne auprès des autorités impériales afin d’obtenir l’atténuation de peines encourues par les coupables. Nectarius plaça sa démarche sous l’autorité de Cicéron, la justifia fondamentalement par son patriotisme municipal, et montra, au passage, la plus grande aptitude du paganisme à exprimer le lien traditionnel entre religion et devoir civique. Augustin qui entra volontiers dans ce débat, se référa lui aussi à Cicéron, à d’autres auteurs classiques et à la Bible. Cette démarche lui permit d’articuler exigences morales de sa foi et idéologie patriotique romaine, et de mettre aussi en évidence le loyalisme politique des chrétiens. Cet échange est original, car il constitue un véritable dialogue théologico-politique, rendu possible grâce au même univers culturel auquel appartenaient Nectarius et Augustin. / The recognition of Christianity as the official religion of the roman empire resulted, at the beginning of the fifth century, in the radical abolition of the pagan cult, as testified in the Sirmondian Constitution 12 of Emperor Honorius, dated 25th December 407.The promulgation of this law triggered violent riots by the pagans of Calama. They rebelled against a decision that denied a multi-secular tradition that brought, until then, peace and prosperity to the Empire. Defending his fellow citizens, Nectarius addressed Augustin so that he intervenes with the imperial authorities in order to obtain a reduction of punishment against the culprits. Nectarius put his action under the Cicero’s authority, justified it fundamentally by his municipal patriotism, and showed at this occasion, the better capacity of paganism to express the link between religion and civil duty. Augustin who willingly joined this debate, also referred to Cicero, to classic authors and to the Bible. This approach allowed him to articulate moral duties of his faith and the roman patriotic ideology, and to highlight the political loyalty of the Christians. This sparring match is unusual as it constitutes an authentic theological-political dialogue made possible thanks to the similar cultural environment where Nectarius and Augustin both belonged.
160

Mise en correspondance inter-individus pour la prédiction de la toxicité en radiothérapie du cancer de la prostate / Inter-individual mapping for the prediction of toxicity following prostate cancer radiotherapy

Dréan, Gaël 17 June 2014 (has links)
Ces travaux de thèse s’inscrivent dans le contexte de la prédiction de la toxicité en radiothérapie du cancer de la prostate. Dans l'objectif d'analyser les corrélations spatiales entre la dose et les effets secondaires cette problématique est abordée dans un cadre d'analyse de population. La mise en correspondance inter-individus de l'anatomie et de la distribution de dose planifiée soulève des difficultés liées aux fortes variabilités anatomiques et au faible contraste des images CT considérées. Nous avons envisagé différentes stratégies de recalage non-rigide exploitant les informations relatives aux structures anatomiques, aux combinaisons intensité-structure, ou aux relations inter-structures. Les méthodes proposées s'appuient notamment sur l’utilisation de descripteurs structurels des organes tels que les cartes de distances euclidiennes ou du champ scalaire solution de l’équation de Laplace. Ces méthodes ont permis d'améliorer significativement la précision de la mise en correspondance, tant au niveau anatomique que dosimétrique. Les plus performantes ont été utilisées pour analyser une population de 118 individus. Les comparaisons statistiques des distributions de dose entre les patients souffrant ou non de saignements rectaux ont permis d’identifier une sous-région du rectum où la dose semble corrélée à la toxicité. La sous-région rectale identifiée apparaît potentiellement impliquée et hautement prédictive du risque de saignement. L'approche proposée permet d’améliorer les performances des modèles mathématiques de prédiction de la toxicité. / This thesis deals with the issue of predicting the toxicity within the context of prostate cancer radiotherapy. With the aim of analyzing the spatial correlations between dose and side effects, this problem is addressed in a population analysis framework. Inter-individual matching of both the anatomy and planned dose distribution raises difficulties related to high anatomical variability and low contrast in the CT images. We considered different strategies for non-rigid registration involving the use of information on anatomical structures, intensity-structure combinations, or inter-structures relations. The proposed methods are primarily based on the use of structural descriptors of organs such as Euclidean distance maps or scalar field solution of the Laplace equation. These methods allowed us to significantly improve the accuracy of the matching, at both the dosimetric and the anatomical level. The most accurate matching strategy has been used for analyzing a population of. Statistical comparisons of dose distributions between patients with or without rectal bleeding have been used to identify a rectal sub-region likely correlated with toxicity. The identified rectal sub-region appears potentially involved in side effects and highly predictive of the risk of bleeding. The proposed approach makes it possible to improve the performance of mathematical models for predicting the toxicity.

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