As mudanças na sociedade, após o advento das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs), são objeto de estudo em diversas áreas. Sob o ponto de vista das organizações, essas tecnologias possuem um importante papel para as empresas que buscam se manter competitivas em um mercado globalizado. Após revisão do problema apontado pelo paradoxo da produtividade, este estudo buscou avaliar os padrões de adoção de TICs nas empresas brasileiras e fornecer informações sobre como gastos feitos em tecnologias podem ser importantes para as empresas alcançarem alterações significativas em suas medidas de desempenho. A concepção das variáveis remete à utilização de cálculo de uma proxy para gasto em TI; à aplicação da Teoria de Resposta ao Item não paramétrica (TRIN) no questionário de uma pesquisa; e à elaboração de uma metodologia para categorizar uma questão aberta. A partir de uma análise de agrupamentos, foi possível a criação de grupos de empresas de comportamento semelhante. No grupo 1, estão empresas que, em geral, não realizaram gasto em TI, possuem foco no fornecedor externo, poucos ativos e usam software pacote, além de praticamente não possuírem área de TI e não desenvolverem ou introduzirem software. As empresas no grupo 2 apresentaram gasto em TI, presença de ativos de TI e, embora possuam fornecedor externo e utilizem software pacote, contam com uma área de TI, desenvolveram e introduziram software. No grupo 3, as empresas realizaram gastos e possuem características de gestão medianos; a maioria possui área de TI e utiliza software de código aberto. Já no grupo 4, as empresas apresentaram gastos medianos, não possuem fornecedor externo, apresentaram boa presença de ativos e área de TI e utilizam software desenvolvidos por elas próprias. Assim, empresas que apresentam gastos em TI estão em um momento de adoção de TIC relativamente superior às que não apresentaram esse tipo de gasto. Para se avaliar a associação entre os impactos de TI e o desempenho organizacional, foram utilizadas análises de correspondência e, além da associação entre os tipos de impactos e algumas medidas de desempenho, as empresas que obtiveram mais itens de impacto de TI tendem a alcançar também mais alterações nas medidas de desempenho organizacional. Os desdobramentos deste estudo direcionam para a criação de uma tipologia das empresas nacionais na área de TI e 7 dos fatores para a adoção e o uso de TI. A identificação de fatores que influenciam o desempenho pode fornecer subsídios importantes para o desenho de ações de políticas públicas voltadas ao apoio e ao suporte de atividades inovadoras das firmas brasileiras para aumento da competitividade nos diversos setores econômicos e, consequentemente, para sua capacidade de inovação. / The changes in society, after the advent of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are studied in various areas. From the point of view of organizations, these technologies have an important role for companies seeking to remain competitive in a global market. After reviewing the problem identified by the productivity paradox, this study sought to assess the patterns of adoption of ICTs in Brazilian companies and provide information on how expenditures made in technology may be important for companies to achieve significant changes in their performance measures. The variables design refers to the use of a proxy for expenditures on IT, to the application of Item Response Theory nonparametric in a survey questionnaire, and to the development of a methodology to categorize an open question. From a cluster analysis, it was possible to create groups of companies with similar behavior. In group 1, there are companies that did not make IT expenditures, are focused on the external provider, they have few assets and use software package, besides not having IT department and not developing or introducing software. Firms in group 2 made IT expenditures, had IT assets and, despite having use external provider and software package, they had an IT department and developed and introduced software. In group 3, companies have realized spending and management characteristics median: most of them have IT department and use open source software. In group 4, the companies reported median expenditure, had no external provider, had IT assets and IT department, and all companies used software self developed. Thus, companies with more IT expenditure are in a superior moment of adoption of ICT in relation to those that did not report expenditure. To evaluate the association between the impact of IT and organizational performance, correspondence analysis were used and, besides the association between the types of impacts and some performance measures, companies that have more items that impact IT also tend to achieve more changes in measures of organizational performance. The ramifications of this study pointed to the creation of a typology of domestic companies in IT and factors for the adoption and use of IT. The identification of factors that influence performance can provide important information for the design of public policies and the support of local 9 companies innovative activities to increase competitiveness in the various economic sectors and, consequently, to its ability towards innovation.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-03-02T18:22:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 lucianagomes.pdf: 2235724 bytes, checksum: a319cb5c94b9c3b92bbfe46df00c557a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-03-06T20:01:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lucianagomes.pdf: 2235724 bytes, checksum: a319cb5c94b9c3b92bbfe46df00c557a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-06T20:01:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lucianagomes.pdf: 2235724 bytes, checksum: a319cb5c94b9c3b92bbfe46df00c557a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-15 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Em muitos problemas é necessária a descrição qualitativa dos dados (por exemplo, usando variáveis tais como sexo ou idade de um paciente). Para uso em redes neurais artificiais, contudo, estas variáveis têm que ser recodificadas quantitativamente. Neste trabalho, foram feitas simulações com seis técnicas bastante conhecidas de recodificação de variáveis qualitativas: Dummy 1-de-c, Dummy 1-de-(c-1), Termômetro, Numérica, Gray e Binária. O desempenho das seis técnicas foi comparado com o desempenho obtido utilizandose os fatores de Análise de Correspondência (AC) ao invés das variáveis qualitativas originais. O uso destes fatores de AC como forma de codificar variáveis de entrada de uma rede neural ainda não foi relatado na literatura. As simulações forem feitas com três bases de dados. Duas delas envolvem problemas de classificação de padrões em duas classes (o desempenho foi medido por meio da proporção de classificações corretas); a terceira base envolve um problema de aproximação de funções (o desempenho foi medido por meio dos erros MAPE e MSE). Nas bases de dados Seguros e Consumo, os resultados obtidos para AC são equivalentes aos das demais técnicas aplicadas e na base Córneas, não foi satisfatório, não demonstrando, assim, vantagens sobre as demais técnicas. / In many problems, a qualitative description of the data is needed (using for example variables such as age or sex of a patient). For use on artificial neural networks, however, these variables must be recoded quantitatively. In this study, simulations were made with six wellknown techniques for recoding qualitative variables: Dummy 1-of-c, Dummy 1-of-(c-1), Thermometer, Numerical, Gray, and Binary. The performance of these techniques was compared to the performance obtained using the factors of Correspondence Analysis (CA) instead of the original qualitative variables. The use of these factors as inputs to the neural network has not been reported in the literature. Simulations were made with three dataset. Two of them involve classification problems, with two classes (performance was measured by the percentage of correct classifications); the third dataset involves a problem of function approximation (performance was measured by MAPE and MSE). For two of the datasets, the results for CA are equivalent to those of the other techniques applied; for the third, the performance was not satisfactory, do not showing any advantages over other techniques.

O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi investigar as contribuições das ouvidorias para as atividades da gestão e dos órgãos do sistema de governança corporativa das instituições bancárias, baseado na regulamentação brasileira. A fundamentação teórica contemplou as ouvidorias, as temáticas da governança corporativa e da responsabilidade social corporativa. Realizou-se um estudo descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, segmentado em três etapas. Na primeira etapa, efetuou-se uma pesquisa de campo com coleta por questionário da opinião de 24 especialistas, possibilitando a proposição de um quadro analítico com 2 itens e 19 subitens emergentes da fundamentação teórica para caracterizar aspectos da gestão e da governança corporativa pertinentes às ouvidorias. Na segunda etapa, empregou-se o quadro proposto para analisar o conteúdo da documentação pertinente a 26 instituições bancárias da amostra intencional, selecionada por acessibilidade aos dados do 1º semestre de 2008 ao 1º semestre de 2011. Na terceira etapa, demonstrou-se a evolução dos assuntos de 1.377 reclamações pertinentes às ouvidorias das instituições da amostra, divulgadas pelo Banco Central do Brasil. Para o tratamento dos dados, foram empregadas a estatística descritiva, a estatística inferencial, com abordagem não paramétrica predominante, e a Análise de Correspondência Múltipla. Os principais resultados mostraram que o percentual de subitens presentes para as características de gestão foi 67,09% e para as características de governança corporativa foi 70,77%. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os referidos percentuais, mas foram constatadas diferenças ao segmentar tais instituições pelo porte, pelo tipo de controle e pelo tipo de listagem. Quanto às contribuições das ouvidorias para as atividades da gestão, foi divulgado que a ouvidoria implementa o atendimento em última instância e o tratamento de reclamações em 100% das instituições. Todavia, apurou-se, no período estudado, que instituições de porte muito grande em clientela e com controle público poderiam ter aprimorado o atendimento da ouvidoria, e instituições de porte médio e privadas nacionais poderiam ter aprimorado, entre outros assuntos, o prazo de resposta da ouvidoria. Foi divulgado que a ouvidoria pode propor melhorias de procedimentos e rotinas em todos os casos examinados, mas as proposições de melhoria não são respaldadas, apenas, em análises das reclamações recebidas de clientes e usuários, e podem ocorrer antes da oferta do produto. Quanto às contribuições das ouvidorias para as atividades dos órgãos do sistema de governança corporativa, houve evidências do reporte a respeito das ouvidorias para o conselho de administração, para auditoria interna, para comitê de auditoria e para auditoria independente, mas constatou-se, em geral, que os percentuais de divulgação das responsabilidades desses órgãos a respeito das informações reportadas pode ser aperfeiçoado. Este estudo apresenta uma aplicação original de técnica multivariada para auxiliar a interpretação de dados qualitativos a respeito das ocorrências de reclamações pertinentes às ouvidorias no setor bancário brasileiro, pode contribuir para a avaliação de políticas pertinentes à implementação das atribuições dessas ouvidorias que levem em conta variáveis de governança corporativa baseadas em práticas recomendadas pelo IBGC, pode colaborar para o entendimento da contribuição das ouvidorias para prevenção de riscos e pode subsidiar reflexões de clientes, usuários e demais partes interessadas na participação das ouvidorias, e dos órgãos do sistema de governança corporativa, em processos decisórios das instituições bancárias no Brasil. / The general aim of this research was to investigate the contributions of the ombudsman\'s offices for the activities of management and of the organs of corporate governance of banks, based on Brazilian regulation. The theoretical framework covered the ombudsman\'s offices, issues of corporate governance and corporate social responsibility. A descriptive and exploratory study was carried out with a qualitative and quantitative approach, divided into three stages. The first step was field survey with data collected by questionnaire on the opinion of 24 experts, which enabled an analytical framework to be constructed with 2 items and 19 sub-items emerging from the theoretical framework to characterize aspects of management and corporate governance relevant to the ombudsman\'s offices. In Step 2 we used the proposed framework to analyze the content of the documents relevant to 26 banks in the intentional sample, selected by accessibility to data from the 1st semester of 2008 to the 1st semester of 2011. Step 3 showed the evolution of issues of 1.377 complaints relevant to the ombudsman\'s offices for the institutions in the sample, provided by the Central Bank of Brazil. The data were processed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, with a predominantly non-parametric approach, and Multiple Correspondence Analysis. The main results showed that the percentage of sub-items present for the management features was 67.09% and for corporate governance features was 70.77%. There were no significant differences between these percentages, but differences were found when the institutions were divided by size, by type of control and type of listing. Regarding the contributions of the ombudsman\'s offices for management activities, it was reported that the ombudsman\'s office implements the last resort assistance and the complaint handling in 100% of the institutions. However, it was found in the period studied that institutions with a very large clientele and public control could have improved the ombudsman\'s office assistance, and mid-sized and private national institutions could improve, among other things, the response time of the ombudsman\'s office. It was reported that the ombudsman\'s office may propose improvements of procedures and routines in all cases examined, but the improvement proposals are not supported only in analyses of complaints received from customers and users, and they may occur before the product offering. With regard to the contributions of the ombudsman\'s offices to the activities of the bodies of the corporate governance system, there was evidence of reporting in relation to the ombudsman\'s offices to the board of directors, internal audit, audit committee and to the independent auditor, but it was found, in general, that the percentage of disclosure of the responsibilities of these bodies regarding the information reported could be improved. This study presents an original application of multivariate techniques to assist the interpretation of qualitative data about the occurrence of complaints relevant to the ombudsman\'s offices in the Brazilian banking sector, and can contribute to the evaluation of policies relevant to the implementation of the duties of these ombudsman\'s offices taking into account corporate governance variables based on best practices recommended by the IBGC. It may also contribute to understanding the contribution of the ombudsman\'s offices to the prevention of risk and can support reflections of customers, users and other stakeholders in the participation of ombudsman\'s offices and the bodies of the corporate governance system in the decision-making processes of banks in Brazil.

In the last decades, scholars from different disciplines, ranging from economy to law, have tried to better identify and target the working poor in order to provide them with legal protection. Some have referred to categories such as ‘non-standard or precarious forms of employment,’ ‘informal labor’ and ‘popular economy’ to refer to the working poor. My dissertation questions those categories and their ability to target the workers most in need, as well as their underlying assumptions that the activities of the working poor are not regulated by law, but rather fall into a legal vacuum. Using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, I conducted research with one group of vulnerable workers (whom I refer to as street rebuscadores) in Bogotá (Colombia) to answer two main questions: 1) how can we better target and characterize the social grouping to whom the most vulnerable segment of the working poor in Bogotá belongs? 2) How do both State and non-State legal regimes, such as constitutional law, labour law and derecho de policía, interact to influence the productive strategies of the most vulnerable workers in Bogotá? Following Bourdieu’s theory of practice, I found that street rebuscadores constitute the most vulnerable segment of the working poor in a city deeply segregated by class, that they share a similar volume and composition of overall capital (or habitus) and that they share similar practices associated with that habitus. Following a legal pluralist approach, I also concluded that as a social group engaging in regulatory activities, street rebuscadores are situated in a semi-autonomous social field generating internal normative rules, but that is also vulnerable to rules from the larger social matrix in which it is situated. Within that semi-autonomous social field, the vulnerability of street rebuscadores is legally constructed and accentuated by the State, and existing regulatory frameworks are perpetuating and reproducing their condition, although not without resistance.

The aim of this study was to investigate the use of Strategic Planning at the companies of the Local Productive Arrangement Metal Center. This is a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research. To collect the data, we used a questionnaire that was applied to the 48 companies members of the Local Productive Arrangement Metal Center. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics using tables, multiple correspondence analysis, Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test, with statistical software. The analysis of multiple correspondence identified two groups of companies. Group A includes the profile of businessmen who only participate the Local Productive Arrangement Metal Center with younger leaders and less graduated. The businessman ignores and doesn't know partially or fully Strategic Planning. Group B is formed by businessmen who participate in associations or professional associations, and are older with higher level of education. The businessman of this group consider important and apply the Strategic Planning. Chi-square test showed significant relationship (p<0.05) between the characteristics of businessman and the implementation of the Strategic Planning. The age, level of education, the form of preparation of Strategic Planning, the level of knowledge and the involvement of the businessmen were the variables that showed more associations between variables related to the preparation and implementation of the Strategic Planning. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a utilização do Planejamento Estratégico nas empresas integrantes do Arranjo Produtivo Local (APL) Metal Centro. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória. Para a coleta dos dados utilizou-se um questionário que foi aplicado aos 48 empresários integrantes do Arranjo Produtivo Local Metal Centro. As informações foram analisadas por meio da estatística descritiva utilizando tabelas, análise de Correspondência Múltipla, teste de Associação do Qui-Quadrado e teste exato de Fisher, com o auxílio de softwares estatísticos. A análise de Correspondência Múltipla identificou dois grupos de empresas. O grupo A engloba o perfil de empresários que participam apenas do Arranjo Produtivo Local Metal Centro, com líder relativamente jovem e menor grau de instrução. O empresário desconhece ou não aplica parcialmente ou totalmente o Planejamento Estratégico. O grupo B é formado pelos empresários que participam de várias associações ou entidades de classe, com líder de faixa etária maior e com maior grau de escolaridade. Os empresários deste grupo consideram importantes e aplicam o Planejamento Estratégico. Os testes de Associação mostraram relações significativas (p<0,05) entre as características dos empresários e a aplicação do Planejamento Estratégico. A faixa etária, o grau de escolaridade, a forma de elaboração do Planejamento Estratégico, o grau de conhecimento e o envolvimento do empresário foram as variáveis que mostraram mais associações entre as variáveis relacionadas à elaboração e implementação do Planejamento Estratégico.

The thesis contains an annotated edition of the letters of Jakub Deml (1878-1961) of his long- time friend and writer Jaroslav Durych (1886-1962). More than 150 letters and dozens of postcards document the relationship between the two writers in two periods (years 1906-1909 and 1916-1959). The first era of correspondence documents their translation cooperation and own production and views on contemporary literary and social conditions as well. The literary studies connected to the edition also describes two major differences between these creators. In the second period was the most intense correspondence in the twenties of the 20th century. The authors worked closely together and share in the correspondence also events of their personal lives. In 1931 My testimony about Otokar Březina caused a split among friends. Then the correspondence has never fully restored. The dispute was then moved to the pages of periodicals and books, about which one of the chapters of the study inform. The edition is accompanied by editorial comment, an inventory sheet, an index of names and explanations, in which the reader reads some of Durych's reactions and learn other relevant circumstances correspondence.

Cette recherche tente d’étudier les effets de l’intégration pédagogique des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) sur l’acquisition de la compétence textuelle à court terme chez des étudiants palestiniens en licence de FLE de l'Université An-Najah. Il s’agit de faire découvrir les potentialités de ces technologies et de mettre en place un dispositif de correspondance en ligne entre natifs et non-natifs permettant d’intégrer des pratiques pédagogiques nouvelles au contexte palestinien.Ceci donne accès à l’écriture dans une situation de communication interactive, sociale et motivante au moyen d’outils de communication et de ressources en ligne(correcteurs, traducteurs, moteurs de recherche, etc.). L’objectif est d’améliorer les compétences micro- et macro-structurelles nécessaires à la rédaction d'un texte cohérent et cohésif correspondant au niveau B1+ du CECR.Dans cette recherche, nous avons adopté une perspective systémique dans une recherche-action afin de mieux comprendre les relations qu’entretient l’intégration des technologies avec les changements de pratiques pédagogiques dans l’établissement d’accueil. Nous avons donc mené une étude approfondie du terrain et une analyse de plusieurs textes produits par notre échantillon dans le cadre de l’expérimentation afin de mesurer les apports et les enjeux qu’entraîne le recours à l’utilisation des TIC. Les résultats montrent une progression au niveau micro-structurel (notamment sur le plan sémantique et morphosyntaxique) ainsi qu’une légère amélioration de la compétence macro-structurelle (notamment en ponctuation). / The researcher seeks to study the effects of the integrationof pedagogical techniques of information andcommunications technology (ICT) on the textual competence, in the short term, of Palestinian students who study French as a foreign language at An Najah National University. The researcher seeks to discover the potential of the technology via the creation of an online correspondence between native and non-native speakers, which allows forthe practice of new aspects of the language. This will fosterwriting in a socially communicative-interactive way, and willmotivate students to use different technological toolsavailable on the Internet, such as translation programs,spelling corrections, etc.The objective is to enhance the micro-competence and macro-structural, which are very important in a coherentand cohesive writing that matches level (B1+) of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages.In this research paper, the researcher adopted a systematicperspective in a research-action in order to have a betterunderstanding of the relationship between the integration of technology and the requirements of the pedagogical practices of the receptive institution.The expansive case study that the researcher worked on in the field and the analysis of several text-samples is the chosen mode of experimentation used to measure, as well as gauge, the relations and issues that lead to the use of ICT. The results show a progress in the micro-structurallevel (especially in the semantics and morphosyntax) aswell as a slight improvement in language proficiency(especially in punctuation).

[pt] Este trabalho analisa perspectivas de linguagem e sentido que se esboçam em 59 cartas trocadas entre Guimarães Rosa e sua tradutora norte-americana, Harriet de Onís. Partindo de um ponto de vista pós-estruturalista, segundo o qual a linguagem é não instrumento de representação, mas antes uma multiplicidade de práticas históricas, voláteis, descontínuas e, portanto, refratárias a teorias gerais de ambição essencializante, busca-se reconhecer no espaço extra-teórico das cartas a fecundidade dos diferentes estilos de ver a linguagem que se oferecem nesse ponto particular do corpus roseano. Mostra-se a irreducibilidade dessas visões a qualquer filosofia geral, as marcadas diferenças de atitude perceptíveis entre Guimarães Rosa e Harriet de Onís no que se refere à linguagem (diferenças que enfatizam por contraste as posições roseanas), e, sobretudo, a forma particular como o Rosa das cartas promove performativamente o abalo de expectativas reducionistas e culturalmente arraigadas sobre a linguagem. Especial atenção é dada ao modo como em Rosa o paradoxo emerge como força criadora e não como embaraço, aporia: pela produtividade do paradoxo, abrem-se ângulos fecundos pelos quais se logra reconhecer, ou, nos termos de Rosa, sentir-pensar, diferentes aspectos da linguagem, notadamente a língua comum; a dinâmica vital que enlaça texto, autor, tradutor e leitor; a irracionalidade e o mistério irredutível da língua; e o estatuto do poético no idioma. / [en] This work analyzes language and meaning perspectives outlined in 59 letters exchanged by Guimarães Rosa and his North-American translator Harriet de Onís. From a post-structuralist point of view – according to which language is not an instrument of representation, but rather a multiplicity of volatile and discontinuous historical practices and, therefore, refractive to general theories aspiring essence – the fecundity of different ways of looking at language present in this particular piece of Rosa’s corpus is sought on extra-theoretical grounds. The irreducibility of these views to any general philosophy and the noticeable differences of attitude between Guimarães Rosa and Harriet de Onís regarding language (differences that emphasize by contrast Rosa’s positions) are shown and, especially, the specific way Rosa promotes performatively the disturbance of reductionist deep-rooted cultural expectations about language in these letters. Special thought is given to the way paradox emerges in Rosa as a creative force and not as an encumbrance, aporia: by the productivity of paradox, fertile angles open up and through them one may attempt to recognize or, in Rosa’s own words, think-feel, different aspects of language, notably the common language; the vital dynamic that binds the text, the author, the translator and the reader; the irreducible irrationality and mystery; and the poetic statute of language.

The diploma thesis The Prison Experience (1914-1918). Cyril Dušek's correspondence from prison deals with the correspondence which theoretically and metodically considers to be a historical source and a mean of communication between prisoners and their families. It focuses on the political prisoner's correspondence during the World War I. Correspondence from prison was the only way to connect prisoners with their friends and families, thus it is very significant in research. It provides an interesting insight into the everyday life in prison, further it reveals the various individual perception manners and development of human thinking in the tense situations. The main aim of the thesis is to analyze a prison correspondence of Cyril Dušek (1881-1924) who was a responsible redactor of the magazine Čas and a member of the resistance movement, further to present its importance in the context of the other preserved correspondence, the censorship aspects of correspondence from prison and also to desribe the everyday life of the political prisoners.

This diploma thesis deals with the employability of graduates of the University of Economics, Prague (UE) and their quality assessment of acquired higher education based on REFLEX 2013 survey. The first part of this thesis is focused on theoretical concepts and statistical methods that are subsequently used in analytical part. The analytical part contains analysis of UE graduates employability and the quality assessment of acquired higher education. The aim of this diploma thesis is to provide answers on whether there is a relationship between studied faculty and job classification or which factors affect the monthly wage level using the multidimensional statistical methods. The thesis also deals with the graduates evaluation of acquired knowledge applicability and practical usability in future career.