Schlesische Modernität um 1930 wird an zwei Breslauer Komponisten untersucht: Hans Zielowsky und Edmund von Borck. Von ihrer Herkunft und Ausbildung her könnten sie kaum unterschiedlicher sein, und so stecken sie Endpunkte ab, zwischen denen sich das Komponieren Breslauer Musiker der Zeit abspielte. Der eine, Zielowsky, schreibt mit anrührendem Dilettantismus, der andere, von Borck, mit bewundernswerter stilistischer Unabhängigkeit und mit großem handwerklichen Geschick. Der eine gelangt mit den meist kleinen Besetzungen seiner Werke kaum übers Private hinaus, der andere konzentriert sich dagegen auf das Schreiben von Orchesterliteratur. Dennoch ist ihnen etwas gemeinsam: die Orientierung an einer auf je eigene Weise verstandenen Linearität und die Verehrung sowie das Maßnehmen an Bruckner. In dem Beitrag wird die spezifische Bruckner-Rezeption untersucht unter Bezugnahme auf die damals neuartige Musiktheorie.

Wind repertoire, especially for flute, has received little focused attention in the musicological world especially when compared with other instruments. This gap in scholarship is further exacerbated when the scope of time is narrowed to the last quarter of the twentieth century. Although Minimalism and New Complexity are – at least superficially – highly divergent styles of composition, they both exhibit aspects of a response to modernism. An examination of emblematic examples from the repertoire for solo flute (or recorder), specifically focusing on: Louis Andriessen’s Ende (1981); James Dillon’s Sgothan (1984), Brian Ferneyhough’s Carceri d’Invenzione IIb (1984), Superscripto (1981), and Unity Capsule (1975); Philip Glass’s Arabesque in Memoriam (1988); Henryk Górecki’s Valentine Piece (1996); and Steve Reich’s Vermont Counterpoint (1982), allows for the similarities in both genre’s response to modernism to be highlighted. These works are situated historically and characteristics of both styles are highlighted with particular regard to Late or Post-Modernism. / Graduate

This thesis develops an analytical approach to the instrumental music of Orlando Gibbons (1583-1625) based on close readings of historical theory sources, primarily by Thomas Morley, John Coprario and Thomas Campion. Music of the early seventeenth century can be difficult to analyse, since it falls between the more extensively studied and theorised practices of classic vocal polyphony and common-practice tonality. Although English music theory of this period is recognised as strikingly modern in many respects, innovative aspects of English compositions from the same period receive little attention in standard accounts of the seventeenth century. I argue that concepts taken from this body of historical theory provide the basic terms of a technical vocabulary for analysis, which should be further refined through application to real compositions. Successive chapters deal with common counterpoint models or patterns, imitative invention and disposition, cadential progressions, and overall tonal structure. I argue that these analyses show Gibbons's music to be a contribution to new ways of conceiving of instrumental polyphony and tonal structure, which deserves re-evaluation in the context of broader seventeenth-century trends. In particular, Gibbons's use of extended cadential expectations as an expressive element, fascination with sequential progressions, and sectional structuring by harmonic area have clear parallels with later practices. At the same time, early seventeenth century style allows the composer considerably more freedom of harmonic procedures and implications than the musical styles which immediately followed it. Analysis grounded in historical theory provides the best approach to understanding and appreciating this unique musical language.

Johann Paul von Westhoff's (1656-1705) solo violin works, consisting of Suite pour le violon sans basse continue published in 1683 and Six Suites for Violin Solo in 1696, feature extensive use of multiple stops, which represents a German polyphonic style of the seventeenth-century instrumental music. However, the Six Suites had escaped the public's attention for nearly three hundred years until its rediscovery by the musicologist Peter Várnai in the late twentieth century. This project will focus on polyphonic writing featured in the solo violin works by von Westhoff. In order to fully understand the stylistic traits of this less well-known collection, a brief summary of the composer, Johann Paul Westhoff, and an overview of the historical background of his time will be included in this document. I will analyze these works, including a comparison between the works of Westhoff and those of other composers during his time, to prove that Westhoff's solo works establish multiple stops as a central factor of German violin playing of the time, and, thus, to promote Westhoff's works as a complement to the extant repertoire of unaccompanied violin music written in the Baroque era before Johann Sebastian Bach's solo violin works and Georg Philipp Telemann's twelve fantasias for violin solo. Furthermore, this project will help one to better understand the use and function of multiple stops in the German violin repertoire in the seventeenth century.

Schlesische Modernität um 1930 wird an zwei Breslauer Komponisten untersucht: Hans Zielowsky und Edmund von Borck. Von ihrer Herkunft und Ausbildung her könnten sie kaum unterschiedlicher sein, und so stecken sie Endpunkte ab, zwischen denen sich das Komponieren Breslauer Musiker der Zeit abspielte. Der eine, Zielowsky, schreibt mit anrührendem Dilettantismus, der andere, von Borck, mit bewundernswerter stilistischer Unabhängigkeit und mit großem handwerklichen Geschick. Der eine gelangt mit den meist kleinen Besetzungen seiner Werke kaum übers Private hinaus, der andere konzentriert sich dagegen auf das Schreiben von Orchesterliteratur. Dennoch ist ihnen etwas gemeinsam: die Orientierung an einer auf je eigene Weise verstandenen Linearität und die Verehrung sowie das Maßnehmen an Bruckner. In dem Beitrag wird die spezifische Bruckner-Rezeption untersucht unter Bezugnahme auf die damals neuartige Musiktheorie.

In Chinese contemporary piano music, large-scale piano compositions featuring innovative polyphonic musical languages are rarely found. Chang-Lei Zhu's Ballade for Solo Piano represents his development of contrapuntal techniques passed on from J. S. Bach and Dmitri Shostakovich in their polyphonic works for solo keyboard or piano. This study focuses on an analysis of Zhu's Ballade as an idiosyncratic composition that makes a significant contribution to the Chinese contemporary piano music repertory. Comparative analysis is made of Zhu's Ballade and J.S. Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier Books 1 and 2, as well as Dmitri Shostakovich's 24 Preludes and Fugues for Solo Piano, Op. 87. Zhu, a living Chinese composer born in 1976, uniquely writes the twenty variations of his Ballade based on the opening theme, a single melody in ten subphrases. This research lays out the close relationship of the opening theme with twenty variations in the Ballade. This study also illustrates how Zhu is an innovative voice in Chinese contemporary piano music literature. This comparative study constitutes the first scholarly study of Zhu's Ballade. Chapter 1 is an introduction to my comparative study. In chapter 2, comparisons on selected excerpts are conducted between Zhu's Ballade and J.S. Bach's WTC, Books 1 and 2, as well as Dmitri Shostakovich's Op. 87. Taking into consideration the pedagogical function of the Ballade, this study includes how the work can be used in Zhu's Ballade in piano pedagogy as an addition in chapter 3.

In recent decades the interpretation of music history of the interwar period was determined by factors which allowed only national or folkloristic approaches to modern music in Hungary. However, the composers of the group ‘Modern Hungarian Musicians’, connected to the forums of the New Music like the ISCM or Cowell‘s NMS, were committed to a transcultural view of musical innovation. Through intermedial connections between literary and fine art, they received non-musical impulses by modern and avantgarde movements. This paper makes an approach on their heterogeneous conception of music with the common sense, to set a renewal of the musical language as its goal.

Ett intensivt jordbruk anses leda till ett antal negativa miljöförändringar och mer miljövänliga jordbruksmetoder förespråkas av IPCC och IPBES varav skogsjordbruk är en metod som ses som ett hållbart alternativ. Det är en jordbruksmetod som hittills endast finns på få platser i Sverige, men som i andra delar av Europa och världen visat sig produktivt. Genom reflexiv diskursanalys avser denna studie undersöka konventionella jordbrukares och skogsjordbrukares upplevelse av sin verksamhet i förhållande till samhälle och miljö och deras syn på skogsjordbruk. Jordbrukare från respektive jordbrukstyp rekryterades för medverkan i separata fokusgrupper och ur dessa fokusgrupper valdes en jordbrukare ut för besök och deltagande observation. Båda jordbrukstyper såg sig som en del av naturen och visade omtanke för dess bevarande. De konventionella jordbrukarna såg sig som förvaltare av naturen och en viktig samhällsaktör med fokus på matproduktion och ekonomisk lönsamhet. Samtidigt kunde de konventionella jordbrukarna ses som både ofrivilligt låsta och försvarande en strömfåra - det etablerade industrisamhället. De ville förbättra miljön, men var fast i en ekonomisk cirkel. Skogsjordbrukarna fungerade som en kontrapunkt - en reaktion mot det etablerade jordbrukssystemet som de ansåg ohållbart. Istället ville de visa på ett alternativt samhälle och odlingssätt. Skogsjordbrukarna drevs av en vilja att förändra och ett ekologiskt fokus med en ekocentrisk och vid natursyn. Båda grupper menade att ett bättre bidragssystem skulle kunna leda till mer miljöarbete. / Intensified agriculture is considered as contributing to negative environmental changes. More positive methods of agriculture are advocated by IPCC and IPBES to halt these negative changes and agroforestry is one method that is considered as a sustainable alternative. Agroforestry as an agricultural method is only found in a few places in Sweden but is found in other parts of Europe and the world as a productive system with many environmental advantages. The purpose of this study was to examine what conventional farmers and agroforestry farmers thought about their work in relation to the environment and society and what their views were on agroforestry. Participants from the different methods were recruited to participate in separate focus groups and among these participants, one farmer from each method was recruited for participant observation. Both types of farmers had strong nature connectedness and cared about nature conservation. The conventional farmers saw themselves as stewards of nature and an important part of society that could work with the environment for food production and economic gain. At the same time, the conventional farmers could be seen as both involuntarily locked in and defending a mainstream - the established industrial society. They wanted to improve the environment but were stuck in an economic circle. The agroforestry farmers functioned as a counterpoint - a reaction against the established agricultural system which they considered unsustainable. Instead, they wanted to show an alternative society and way of farming. The agroforestry farmers were driven by a will to change and an ecological focus with an ecocentric and broader view of nature. Both groups believed that a better subsidy system could lead to more environmental work.

Ugolino (c. 1380-1457) wrote one of the largest treatises on music theory in the first half of the fifteenth century. This work, the "Declaratio musicae disciplinae," is comprised of five books that cover everything a musician of the era would need to know, from plainchant to harmonic proportions, from musica practica to musica speculativa. However, the treatise has received contradictory interpretations by modern scholars, some viewing it as mainly practical, others as mainly theoretical. I argue that in Book 2, which deals with counterpoint, Ugolino crystallizes the relationship between theory and practice, while offering distinctive contrapuntal practices. Ugolino presents a unique view music's place in the structure of knowledge, one which is highly dependent on Aristotelian philosophy. He posits that music is a science and that it is a branch not of mathematics, as it had traditionally been categorized, but of natural philosophy. This viewpoint shapes the entire treatise and is evident in the book on counterpoint. There, he presents an Italian tradition of teaching counterpoint known as the "regola del grado." Ugolino is the first author to present this tradition entirely in Latin. In addition, he offers an unusual description of musica ficta. In it, he presents a diagram, the "duplex manus," that mixes together both musica recta and musica ficta. Ugolino's work suggests that theory and practice, although arranged hierarchically, need not be in conflict, and that a treatise such as his can be both eminently practical and highly theoretical.

Der Beitrag diskutiert zunächst den Generalbasses als Notationsform oder ‚Aufschreibesystem‘ im musikgelehrten Diskurs in der Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts. Dann wird seine Rolle in der Akkordbildungs- und Satzlehre in Joseph Riepels Anfangsgründen zur musicalischen Setzkunst untersucht. Riepel benutzt ihn als kombinatorisches Programm zur Bildung von Akkorden (in der Gründlichen Erklärung der Tonordnung insbesondere, 1757), nutzt sein Potential aber auch in Form von Sequenzmodellen bei seiner Überarbeitung von älteren Kontrapunktübungen nach Johann Joseph Fux und Meinrad Spieß. Generalbass dient ihm mithin als Medium theoretischer Reflexion wie auch einer modernisierenden Transformation des musikalischen Satzes. Für Riepel ist es typisch, dass mit kleinen versatilen Theoriesegmenten, ausgehend von Beispielen, arbeitet. Eine reduktive Theorie, die den Anspruch einer allgemeinen Gültigkeit haben soll, liegt ihm fern. Insofern spiegelt seine Art der Theoriebildung die Aufspaltung des Stilbegriffs nach 1750 in eine Vielzahl lokaler Praktiken. / The paper first discusses the thorough bass as a form of notation or operational writing technique (F. Kittler) in musicological discourse in the mid-18th century. Then, its role in chord formation and movement theory is examined in Joseph Riepel's Anfangsgründe zur musicalischen Setzkunst. Riepel uses it as a combinatorial program for the formation of chords (in the Gründliche Erklärung der Tonordnung insbesondere, 1757), but also exploits its potential in the form of sequence models in his revision of older counterpoint exercises after Johann Joseph Fux and Meinrad Spieß. Thorough bass thus serves him as a medium of theoretical reflection as well as a modernizing transformation of the musical movement. For Riepel it is typical to work with small versatile theory segments, starting from examples. A reductive theory, which should have the claim of a general validity, is far from him. In this respect, his way of theorizing reflects the splitting of the concept of style after 1750 into a multitude of local practices.