The theses includes an analysis of the institute of setting aside an arbitral award by court. It is focused on summary of present theoretical findings which are drawn mainly from commentary literature. However, the key focus of the theses is an analysis of relevant judicial decisions related to the investigated institute. It uses decisions of the Supreme Court of the Czech Republic and the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic in particular. The theses is divided into introduction, four parts and conclusion. The first part contains a brief explanation of historical development of setting aside an arbitral award. Then it is focused on theoretical doctrines and judicial decisions related to the nature of arbitration and arbitral award and on the role of the courts in arbitration. The following part deals with the setting aside an arbitral award as a civil proceeding. It focuses on material juristiction of courts to the proceeding and possibility of setting aside a resolution issued by arbitrator as both of these matters are new to the proceeding. The fundamental part of the theses is the analysis of the various reasons for setting aside an arbitral award. All seven reasons are covered in the order in which they appear in the law. Priority is given to the reasons consisting in lack of...

A comparison of the structure and effectiveness of recovery ecosystems for opioid use disorder in Portugal and Appalachia, with a focus on identifying areas for improvement within the Appalachian region.

Dans le contexte des défis environnementaux et sociaux de l’Anthropocène, les microfermes sont des fermes maraîchères biologiques qui questionnent les fondements de la modernisation agricole par leurs petites surfaces, leur grande diversité cultivée, leur faible niveau de motorisation, une approche écologique holiste et leur commercialisation en circuits courts. Cette thèse a examiné la viabilité de ces systèmes agricoles atypiques qui suscitent un intérêt croissant dans les pays industrialisés. Elle s’est basée sur une étude de 20 cas en milieu rural dans le nord de la France et 10 cas en milieu urbain à Londres. Une démarche inductive a été mise en œuvre combinant analyse qualitative d’entretiens avec des paysans et modélisation quantitative à partir de données de terrain. Un cadre conceptuel a été développé pour analyser les choix stratégiques des paysans au regard des multiples aspirations de leur projet de vie où des considérations éthiques et subjectives occupent une place centrale. La satisfaction de ces aspirations est primordiale pour la viabilité de ces fermes. Un modèle de simulation stochastique de revenu et de temps de travail a été créé pour explorer les chances de viabilité économique de scénarios contrastés de microfermes intégrant stratégies techniques, commerciales et d’investissement. Des simulations ont été réalisées pour le contexte français et londonien et ont été discutées avec des acteurs de terrain. Bien que les chances de viabilité varient selon les scénarios, ce travail montre que les microfermes peuvent être viables. / In the context of the environmental and social challenges of the Anthropocene, microfarms are organic market gardens which are questioning the principles of agricultural modernisation. They are characterised by a high level of crop diversity on small acreages, low motorisation, holistic ecological approach and marketing through short supply chains. My PhD work examined the viability of these atypical farming systems which are raising an increasing interest in industrialised countries. It was based on the study of 20 cases in rural Northern France and 10 cases in the urban context of London. An inductive approach was carried out combining qualitative analysis of interviews with farmers and quantitative modelling based on field data.A conceptual framework was developed to analyse farmers’ strategic choices in the light of their life project embracing various aspirations where ethics and subjectivity played a central role. The fulfilment of these aspirations is determinant for the viability of these fams. A stochastic simulation model of income and workload was created to explore the chances of economic viability of contrasted microfarms scenarios integrating technical, commercial and investment strategies. Simulations were run for the French and London context and were discussed with stakeholders. Although viability chances vary among scenarios, this work shows that microfarms can be viable.

No description available.

This Ph.D. thesis focuses on the relations between the town of Cheb and Bohemian nobility in the late Middle Ages (from the second half of the 14th century to the beginning of the 16th century) with special interest in the period of the Hussite wars and the reign of King George of Podebrady. The thesis looks at these relations on two levels - conflicts (wars and courts) and non-violent (commerce, mutual assistance, information sharing) and tries to characterise and compare these phenomena. The thesis includes the case studies focusing on the question of the possibility of mutual interaction between examined subjects. It also focuses on particular noble families characterised by their transition from Cheb to Bohemia or otherwise.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur professionella uppfattar relationen mellan våld och samarbetssvårigheter. Arbetet tar även fasta på hur dessa uppfattningar konstrueras i familjerätt kontra domstol. Fem semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med tre familjerättssekreterare, en domare och en advokat som arbetar med familjerättsliga mål på olika platser, runt om i Sverige. Intervjuerna genomfördes via Microsoft Teams, ansikte mot ansikte och per telefon. Det empiriska materialet som intervjuerna genererade analyserades med en tematisk analys. Det socialkonstruktivistiska perspektivet användes vid analysarbetet tillsammans med tidigare forskning, där fokus främst har legat på perspektivets syn på begreppen kön, makt och kunskap. Tidigare forskning har visat att domstol inte beaktar våld i vårdnadstvister i tillräckligt stor utsträckning samtidigt som flera studier också visat att familjerätten inte heller tar hänsyn till våld i deras arbete. Resultatet visade att begreppet samarbetssvårigheter beskrivs som intressekonflikter av familjerättssekreterare och som värdekonflikter av domare och advokat. De professionella hade en varierad uppfattning kring samarbete mellan föräldrar i de fall då våld förekommit. Majoriteten av informanterna beskrev att ett samarbete där det förekommit våld präglas av en maktobalans mellan föräldrar. Slutligen visade resultatet att advokaten och samtliga familjerättssekreterare bedömde uppgifterna om våld som trovärdiga, trots att det inte styrkts genom dom. Domstolen är av den uppfattningen att det behöver finnas någon omständighet som bekräftar uppgifter om våld, vilket följaktligen påverkar domstolens slutgiltiga bedömning kring uppgifter om ostyrkt våld. Studien visade däremot inte vilka våldsformer informanterna hade i beaktning när de delgav författarna sina beskrivningar.

Currently, the drug court treatment outcome literature provides little guidance about examining clients that fail to complete drug court. Typically, only successful clients are tracked and measured for outcome success characteristics and not much is known about unsuccessful client outcomes. A large portion of individuals who begin drug court do not complete the program. With unsuccessful rates ranging from 34 to 73%, it seems reasonable to examine the outcome of these cases. Ignoring this phenomenon is problematic because various stakeholders remain uninformed about the drug court model’s full effectiveness. The focus on successful clients may fail to fully capture and understand positive residual effects of the drug court program. Questions in this research include: Do unsuccessful drug court clients experience positive program results? Has self-awareness increased about the extent of their substance abuse problem? Are unsuccessful clients more confident in their ability to effect positive change? Is there an increased motivation to change? If non-completers are more aware of the potential for harm, are there reductions in risky behaviors? This study is a qualitative investigation using a phenomenological design. The data source is a convenience sample of unsuccessful drug court clients that participated in a pre-trial intervention or postplea adult drug court program in East Central, Florida. The unit of analysis is the individual, and the total number of participants interviewed is N=30. A grounded theory approach, a harm reduction paradigm from the psychotherapy arena, and a variation of an Intention-to-Treat design from the medical field were used to frame the research. This study found some reductions in both criminality and substance use. Several participants also reported improved familial relations and continued connections to the recovery community. Many participants demonstrated an increased self-awareness of a destructive lifestyle, an increased motivation to change destructive behaviors, and an increased self-efficacy in their ability to make substantive life changes. Incarceration was also found to be a motivator for positive change. Therefore, the inclusion of unsuccessful client outcomes was found to be critical to fully understanding the impact of the therapeutic jurisprudence model. iv I wish to dedicate this dissertation to my family. In memory of my Great Aunt Pat and Uncle Charlie. To my mother, Lou Ray, who considered me her hero for which I never deserved. And to my sister, Toni, whom I truly love. I appreciate their understanding as I embarked on this sometimes onerous endeavor. To a few of my closest friends who were my champions throughout this process. To my dearest friend, Bill Van Poyck, for his continuous support and encouragement. Bill has helped me more than he will ever know. Thank you for acknowledging and understanding this difficult undertaking, and for always believing in me. To my dear friend, Kay McKee, who continually checked on me to make sure I was doing okay. Irrespective of her own life challenges, she put my struggles before her own. Kay has been such a wonderful friend and great supporter over the years. To my long-time, committed friend, JuJu, who shared one of my most stressful weekends working on this project. JuJu puts up with me when few people will. Most of all to my wonderful husband, Nick. He has been by my side through much angst and trepidation. He has helped me greatly with determining the best approach to take in several instances during this arduous endeavor. His unflagging patience, encouragement, and love I can never repay. Throughout my entire academic career, even though much time was taken away from him, he never once complained. He is the person I can always count on, and he often places my welfare ahead of his own. Finally, in memory of our boy, Willie McCool Francis. He brought so much joy into our lives. We know he can never be replaced. My dear friend told me, "we loved him and he loved us and that is a beautiful thing." We will never forget his unconditional and unwavering love for us. v AC

Among the questions that drew attention were these. Are San Joaquin County's juvenile delinquents the sane as, or different than those found elsewhere? that happens to the youngster after the police refer him on into the corrections structure? What are the criteria by which decisions are made? Who makes the decisions? What services are offered? What facilities does San Joaquin County have in which to treat the juvenile? What services are offered in the institutions? In view of the current levels of knowledge, is our county doing an adequate job? Statistics are cited as necessary to delineate the source, nature and size of San Joaquin County's delinquency problem. Internal problems and assets of the Probation Department that affect the juveniles are evaluated, and these include such items as caseloads, personnel turnover and the new Special Supervision program. Detention facilities will be examined with an eye to adequacy and efficiency. If found necessary, recommendations will be made. It is not anticipated that all of the obvious questions can be answered, but it is anticipated that a study can be produced that will be of some value to the community generally, and to the county government in particular.

The intent of this paper is to discuss how the recent court rulings on the current workers compensation statutes will impact the rules to Florida’s workers compensation laws. Workers Compensation system is a social justice system that protects both the employer and employee. Employees that are injured while in the course and scope of their employment give up the right to sue, making workers compensation an exclusive remedy. In exchange for giving up that right, the injured worker receives statutory benefits in a no-fault system. This paper covers the legislative changes over the years that have impacted the constitutionality of the system and discusses how these changes have failed to uphold the legislative intent and design of the entire system. It covers the decisions rendered by the Florida Supreme Court and discusses the implications of those decisions.

Au Canada, la littérature montre que les personnes autochtones sont surreprésentées dans le système de justice pénale depuis des décennies Ce phénomène a souvent été lié au colonialisme. La jurisprudence et les modifications apportées au Code criminel canadien ont pris cette approche en compte. Les affaires R. c. Gladue et R. c. Ipeelee mis en évidence l’importance pour les juges de reconnaître les circonstances uniques des accusés autochtones. L'application des principes Gladue a suscité beaucoup de débats par le biais d'analyses d'études de cas. Pour enrichir et approfondir ces travaux, un compte rendu empirique analysant le point de vue des avocats de la défense pénale lorsqu'ils présentent ce type de considérations devant les tribunaux pénaux serait utile. Je me base sur 75 entretiens semi-structurés avec 64 avocats de la défense pénale représentant des clients autochtones dans des zones urbaines, suburbaines, nordiques, éloignées et rurales de l'Ontario. En ce qui concerne la reconnaissance par les acteurs judiciaires des arguments relatifs à la discrimination anti-autochtone, à la violence et aux préjudices causés par l'État colonial, les participants ont adopté une position relativement prévisible : cela dépend de multiples facteurs, notamment de qui ils sont, de la personne en face d'eux, de la juridiction et du type de tribunal devant lequel ils plaident, de l'identité de leur client et du délit commis. Cependant, les directives Gladue semblent encore souvent ignorées par les acteurs judiciaires. Mes conclusions dénoncent l’inadéquation des tribunaux traditionnels pour de nombreuses personnes autochtones, tout en illustrant comment les tribunaux pénaux du Canada sont ancrés dans les inégalités et les reproduisent. Mes conclusions soulignent également la nécessité d'augmenter le financement des avocats qui représentent les défendeurs autochtones marginalisés. / In Canada, research shows that indigenous people have been overrepresented in the criminal justice system for decades This phenomenon has been tied to colonialism by many Jurisprudence and modifications to Canada’s criminal code have been following along with this approach. R. v. Gladue and R. v. Ipeelee made significant considerations involving the duty of judges to recognize the unique circumstances of indigenous accused. Much ink has been spilled about the application of Gladue principles through case study analyses. What could complement and extend this work, is an empirical account that analyzes criminal defence lawyers’ point of view when presenting these types of considerations in criminal courts. I draw on 75 semi-structure interviews with 64 criminal defence lawyers representing indigenous clients in urban, suburban, northern, remote and rural areas of Ontario. When talking about court officials recognizing arguments about anti-indigenous discrimination, violence and colonial state harms, participants presented a somewhat predictable stance: it depends on multiple factors, including, but not limited to who they are, who is in front of them, what is the jurisdiction and type of court they are presenting their case at, who their client is and what crime they committed. Still, court officials still appear to disregard Gladue directives. My findings denounce the unsuitability of traditional courts to many indigenous peoples, all while illustrating how Canada’s criminal courts are embedded in and reproduce inequalities. They also emphasize the critical need for increased funding for lawyers representing marginalized indigenous defendants.