No abstract available / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Visual Arts / unrestricted

L’objet de la thèse est l’étude des fonctions de mentor exercées par les maîtres d’apprentissage du secteur artisanal. Cette question répond aux difficultés rencontrées par les dirigeants de TPE à fidéliser les nouveaux collaborateurs formés en apprentissage dans un secteur confronté à une pénurie structurelle de main d’œuvre qualifiée. À partir de la théorie de l’échange social, la thèse se focalise sur les effets du mentorat sur l’intention de quitter. Deux mécanismes ont été identifiés et explorés empiriquement : le mécanisme de clarification des valeurs et le mécanisme médiateur d’engagement. Ce double mécanisme opérant à la fois aux niveaux organisationnel et occupationnel a permis de saisir suivant quelles modalités les fonctions de mentorat, en particulier l’activité de role model, influencent positivement la rétention des apprentis à court terme dans l’entreprise et à long terme dans le métier. 230 apprentis des compagnons du devoir ont été interrogés par questionnaires, 6 mois après leur entrée en entreprise. Les données ainsi recueillies ont fait l’objet d’un traitement statistique par la méthode des équations structurelles / The purpose of this thesis is to study the mentoring functions exercised by apprenticeship masters in the craft industry. This issue echoes the difficulties small business leaders may have to retain new staff trained through apprenticeship in a trade suffering from a structural shortage of qualified workforce. Drawing on social exchange theory, this thesis focuses on the impact of mentoring on the intent to leave. Two mechanisms have been identified and empirically explored: the values clarity mechanism and the mediating commitment mechanism. This double mechanism, operating on both the organizational and occupational level, was instrumental in the understanding of how mentoring functions, and the role model activity in particular, have a positive impact on short-term apprentice retention in the business, and long-term retention in the profession. 230 French Compagnons apprentices have been interviewed with questionnaires after 6 months in the business. The collected data has been processed statistically using the structural equation modeling approach

The SA government has identified the craft industry as a key focus area contributing to sustainable development, economic growth and employment opportunities. However the industry faces many challenges such as global competition and lack of resources. More importantly, craft producers in SA cannot access the craft retailer market successfully which limit their financial success. The purpose of this study is to investigate the buyer behaviour of craft retailers in SA. The specific focus of the study is to investigate the buying process followed by craft retailers, to determine the importance of supplier selection criteria used to evaluate suppliers, as well as to determine the sources of information that craft retailers use most often when searching for suppliers. A self-administered survey was conducted among craft retailers and a sample of 233 were realised. The descriptive statistics are reported as well as factor analysis, ANOVA and MANOVA results. Findings indicated that the buying process craft retailers go through are extensive and that certain stages are also more often used than others. No statistical significant differences were found between the types of craft retailers or the years of buying experience and the stages of the buying process. „Product quality‟ was considered the most important supplier selection criteria followed by „product is exciting and attractive‟ and „product styling and design‟. Statistical significant differences were found between different types of craft retailers and the importance they attach to selected supplier selection criteria but no significant differences were found for the years of buying experience. - iv - The results also indicated that craft retailers consult certain information sources more often than others. Information sources were grouped into three factors after the factor analysis: internal and personal information, promotional information and print advertising. The statistical significant differences were found between the different types of craft retailers and their use of promotional information sources but no differences were evident for the other two sources, namely internal and personal and print advertising. The study resulted in a proposed marketing strategy for craft producers to enable them to market their craft products more effectively to crafts retailers. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Marketing Management / unrestricted

SMEs are considered as the best possible vehicle to reduce the unemployment rate and increase economic participation in the country, specifically for historically disadvantaged people. Due to, among other things, the lack of small business management skills, the potential of SMEs cannot be fully realised. From the study it was found that one of the major reasons why SMEs fail to secure loans is a lack of management accounting skills. This lack of management accounting skills is due to a lack of mentors, training and business education. The study has identified a number of management accounting skills which most of the venture capital providers consider when they evaluate applications for loans. From empirical survey it was considered that budgeting, cash flow management and product costing were considered as imperative by most venture capital providers. / Management Accounting / (M. Com.)

SMEs are considered as the best possible vehicle to reduce the unemployment rate and increase economic participation in the country, specifically for historically disadvantaged people. Due to, among other things, the lack of small business management skills, the potential of SMEs cannot be fully realised. From the study it was found that one of the major reasons why SMEs fail to secure loans is a lack of management accounting skills. This lack of management accounting skills is due to a lack of mentors, training and business education. The study has identified a number of management accounting skills which most of the venture capital providers consider when they evaluate applications for loans. From empirical survey it was considered that budgeting, cash flow management and product costing were considered as imperative by most venture capital providers. / Management Accounting / (M. Com.)

本研究發現，工藝產業的標竿公司本身所具備的智慧資本，從公司初創時期偏重在「人力資本」與「關係資本」的不均衡狀態，透過智慧資本的建構活動（創造、流通、加值與保護），形成目前各公司的智慧資本在各構面間的分佈漸趨於平衡協調且有明顯成長。此外，各公司均以發展自我品牌為公司重要策略目標，研究中也發現各公司的智慧資本建構活動與此策略目標相符合。 本研究結論如下： 壹、 智慧資本建構的內容層面 一、 工藝產業初創時期，智慧資本在構面間的分佈不均衡，以「人力資本」與「關係資本」為主。發展至今，智慧資本在構面間的分佈漸趨於平衡協調且均有明顯成長。 貳、 智慧資本建構的過程層面 一、 人力資本主要是透過完整的各領域多元化人才的引進、員工的教育訓練（包含美學、行銷、管理、研發設計等）、國內外的資訊與技術交流、研發設計團隊的建立等活動強化經營團隊與員工專業技能的深度與廣度，更透過共同的理念與對公司的認同感加深對公司的向心力，建構了整個人力資本。而人力資本主要是透過建立共同理念、塑造公司文化、強調團隊合作以及提供完整教育訓練來加以保護。 二、 流程資本主要是透過營運流程的改善、引進生產管理的概念、產品品質的要求、大陸設廠以求生產成本降低、知識管理系統（包含資料庫）的建立、新科技的引入與生產設備的研發與取得等活動加以建構。而流程資本主要是透過建立知識管理系統、設置研發資料庫與保護人力資本來加以保護。 三、 創新資本主要是透過持續投入人力資金厚實本身的關鍵技術與其他輔助技術、產品多元化以求技術精進、國內外技術交流以求技術提昇、關鍵技術專利化等活動加以建構。而創新資本主要是透過保護人力資本、申請商標或專利來加以保護。 四、 關係資本主要是透過制訂不同的客戶策略、建立會員制度、產品設計更具特色、推廣藝術教育、結合上下游廠商、與國際通路合作、作品參賽得獎、參加國內外的展覽等活動來加以建構。而關係資本主要是透過建立會員制度、提升產品價值、建立品牌形象與強化夥伴關係來加以保護。 參、 智慧資本建構的策略層面 一、 工藝產業公司除了將建立自我品牌為主要策略目標外，更將發揚工藝文化、將工藝藝術生活化、推廣工藝藝術教育、成立展示館設定為公司目標。 二、 工藝產業公司所建構之智慧資本與自我品牌之策略目標相符合。 關鍵字：文化創意產業、工藝產業、智慧資本、智慧資本建構、智慧資本管理、智慧資本保護 / The research concluded that: 1. In craft companies, the construction of distribution of intellectual capital, which is not balanced in the initial stage, will be equilibrated. in the end. 2. The human capital of craft companies is constructed by recruiting diverse people, training personnel, exchanging technical information between internal and overseas companies, establishing R&D team, and reinforcing centripetal force. To protect the human capital, the companies should establish a common goal, form the business culture, emphasize team work, and provide training courses. 3. The process capital of craft companies is constructed by improving their business process, adopting the system of production management, requesting quality of products, building up factories in China, establishing the system of knowledge management, importing new technical tools, and obtaining equipments of production. To protect their process capital, these companies should establish the system of knowledge management, set up the database of R&D, and guard their human capital. 4. The innovation capital of craft companies is constructed by investing in key and auxiliary technology, developing diverse products to strengthen technical ability, exchanging technical information between internal and overseas companies to intensify technical ability, and obtaining patents. To protect their innovation capital, these companies should obtain a trademark and patents, and guard their human capital. 5. The relationship capital of craft companies is constructed and protected by making different consumer strategies, managing membership, designing innovative products, popularizing craft education, integrating all suppliers and channels, cooperating with international channels, and building up brand image. 6. The intellectual capital established by craft companies conform with the strategically target that craft companies want to develop their brand.

Étudier les enjeux de la gestion d'une carrière par l'écrit, appréhender la manière dont l'administration domestique met en place une véritable gestion économique d'une activité artisanale et marchande, telles sont les perspectives envisagées partir des archives privées de Jean Teisseire, marchand cordier d'Avignon du XIVe siècle. Ce dossier, exceptionnel par s. conservation mais représentatif de ce que pouvait être la gestion par les archives dans une population de petits notables urbains, complété de comptabilités municipales et pontificales, permet une analyse des pratiques scripturales. Nous pouvons ainsi comprendre la place de l'écrit domestique comme outil pratique dans la formation et la gestion d'un patrimoine, d'un artisanat et d'une maisonnée. Cette activité artisanale et marchande, étudiée comme angle d'approche d'un groupe social conscient de son existence, est analysée par le biais d'une étude lexicale, complétée d'un travail sur la gestion de l'entreprise compris comme espace de production et de relations par un véritable entrepreneur qu'est Jean Teisseire. Ce sont ainsi les comportements économiques aux diverses ramifications qui peuvent être atteints et compris comme faisant partie d'un tout cohérent dont témoigne la constitution de ses archives privées, comme stratégie économique. / The private archives of Jean Teisseire, a hemp maker of Avignon in the XIVth century are an exceptional way to study the management of a career, through the act of writing. The household administration becomes a real economical administration of a craft industry. This file is in the same time representative of the scriptural practices of prominent citizens in a town as Avignon. Thus, we can understand the function of writing as a way to handle and manage an estate, a craft industry and a household. This activity is reviewed through a lexical approach, to be filled with a study of the company of Jean Teisseire as an area of relationships as much as a space of production. Jean Teisseire appears as an actual businessman, even if his writings give an insight in his private life. Thus, we are able to understand his economical practices and strategies, in which the literacy is a fundamental part of the work, as well as the conservation of the writings that are produced.