Yes / National and international guidance recommends whole-school approaches to physical activity, but there are few studies assessing their effectiveness, especially at an organisational level. This study assesses the impact of the Creating Active School's (CAS) programme on organisational changes to physical activity provision. In-school CAS leads completed a 77-item questionnaire assessing school-level organisational change. The questionnaire comprised 19 domains aligned with the CAS framework and COM-B model of behaviour change. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Tests assessed the pre-to-nine-month change. >70% of schools (n = 53) pre-CAS had inadequate whole-school physical activity provision. After nine months (n = 32), CAS had a significant positive effect on organisational physical activity. The positive change was observed for: whole-school culture and ethos, teachers and wider school staff, academic lessons, physical education (PE) lessons, commute to/from school and stakeholder behaviour. This study provides preliminary evidence that CAS is a viable model to facilitate system-level change for physical activity in schools located within deprived areas of a multi-ethnic city. To confirm the results, future studies are required which adopt controlled designs combined with a holistic understanding of implementation determinants and underlying mechanisms. / Z.E.H is funded via match funded PhD by the University of Bradford and Sport England Local Delivery Pilot Bradford. Authors, A.D-S and D.D.B. were supported by Sport England’s Local Delivery Pilot—Bradford. A.D-S and D.D.B were (also) supported by the Welcome Trust, a joint grant from the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and UK Economic and Social Science Research Council a British Heart Foundation Clinical Study grant [CS/16/4/32482] the National Institute for Health Research under its Applied Research Collaboration Yorkshire and Humber [NIHR200166]; ActEarly UK Prevention Research Partnership Consortium [MR/S037527/1]; NIHR Clinical Research Network through research delivery support for this study.

Šiame darbe nagrinėjamas linijų tipų, brūkšniavimų ir formų kūrimo priemonių tyrimas ir realizacija AutoCAD sistemai. Šiuo metu vartotojų netenkina siūlomos priemonės - redaguojant failus susiduriama su sintaksės taisyklėmis, joms išsiaiškinti reikalingas papildomas laikas ir įgūdžiai. Šiuo metu nėra programos ar AutoCAD papildymo, kuris apimtų tris dalykus - linijų tipus, brūkšniavimus ir formų kūrimą. Šio darbo tikslas yra išanalizuoti ir suprojektuoti linijų tipų, brūkšniavimų ir formų kūrimo priemones ir suprojektuoti ir sukurti šiuolaikinę linijų tipų, brūkšniavimų ir formų kūrimo priemonę. / Analysis and realization of tools for creating linetypes, hatch patterns and shapes for AutoCAD system are considered in this paper. AutoCAD users are not satisfied of the tools suggested by AutoCAD. The specific knowledge of creating files of linetypes, hatch patterns and shapes is required and there is not any application or add-in for AutoCAD for creating these objects in visual manner in one. Purpose of this paper is to design and create an application what would create linetypes, hatch patterns and shapes for AutoCAD system in visual manner.

Produktorienterade industriföretag strävar alltid efter att producera och leverera produkter som möter kundens behov och preferenser. Produktutveckling är därför en viktig del i företag för att kunna vara konkurrenskraftig i en alltmer konkurrensutsatt miljö på marknaderna. Stora delar av den befintliga litteraturen inom produktutveckling förklarar att produktutvecklingsprocessen behöver involvera externa aktörer för att möta kundbehov. Denna uppsats avser därför att behandla ett produktorienterat industriföretags process för utveckling av nya produkter och möjligheten till att involvera externa aktörer.  Syftet eftersträvar därför att beskriva hur produktorienterade industriföretag kan involvera kunder, återförsäljare och leverantörer i deras produktutvecklingsprocess, för att gynna utvecklingen av nya produkter.   Studien har genomförts via en deduktiv ansats av kvalitativ karaktär utifrån ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv. En litteraturinsamling inom Co-Creation och Usability Testing är till grund för uppsatsens teoretiska innehåll och insamling av empiriskt material. Forskningsdesignen är en fallstudie tillsammans med ett utvalt företag. Det empiriska materialet hämtades in genom intervjuer med tre respondenter från det valda fallföretaget. Valet av intervjupersonerna gjordes utifrån deras olika roller i verksamheten och dess betydelse för att inkludera externa aktörers involvering i produktutvecklingen.  Resultatet av studien visar att det produktorienterade industriföretaget har goda möjligheter att involvera externa aktörer i processen för utveckling av nya produkter. Utifrån det studerade fallföretaget arbetar de redan framgångsrikt med kundinteraktion och insamling av feedback från återförsäljare och leverantörer. Däremot bör fallföretaget utveckla produktutvecklingsprocessen genom att använda informationen från de externa aktörerna för att bättre möta kundbehov och bygga kundrelationer.  I slutsatsen tydliggörs också hur kundinvolverade tester kan ge företaget ytterligare information och kunskap som kan vara nyttig att använda i processen. Utifrån slutsatsen kan fallföretaget genomföra förändringar och ges möjligheten att bättre möta kundernas behov, vilket kan generera nyttiga konkurrensfördelar.

Background: Content marketing has become a more commonly used strategy when marketers want to convey a message to consumers. Problem discussion: The scientific definition of content marketing is vague and it varies in between users. This makes it difficult for the practitioners who use content marketing as a strategy, that what it is that they are actually creating is content marketing. Questions: How does marketers/practitioners perceive content marketing? How do marketers/practitioners use content marketing? Aim: The aim is to analyse and determine the marketers/practitioners perceived notion of content marketing is and how he or she uses it. Method: The study has a qualitative research point of view.When collecting the data for the study, semi-structured interviews where chosen as the method most fitting for the purpose of the study. The collected data was then analysed within the frames of the research questions. Conclusion: With the result of the study one can conclude that there is no universal view of content marketing within the group of practitioners that were interviewed. There are though many similarities of how they perceive content marketing. The practitioners all agreed that content marketing should be distributed through owned digital channels. The content itself should be in an editorial context, and should both create value and be captivating to reader. It should not be in immediate association to the product or the service that the company provide. Content marketing should not be perceived by the reader or user as advertising activities, once it is it has lost its value and should not be called content marketing. A need for a concrete definition does not seem to exist among marketing managers. Marketing managers considers content marketing to be free insofar that it is up to each marketer to determine how content marketing should be practised.

Businesses and humans in general have led to a variety of different social and environmental problems. In this thesis we call on businesses to be the solution to these problems. Therefore, we have developed two research questions:   How do Swedish companies incorporate CSR and sustainability into their business models? and How do Swedish companies create shared value through business models based on sustainability and CSR?   The purpose of these research questions is to discover how Swedish companies incorporate CSR and sustainability into their business models. Also, we aim to see how a business model based on CSR and sustainability can create shared value. We have focused our view of a business model on Bocken et al.’s (2014) three pillars: value proposition, value creation and delivery, and value capture. Furthermore, we have made a distinction between the concepts of sustainability and CSR to see how they impact these different business model pillars. We divided sustainability into two types: weak and strong and broke CSR into internal and external CSR. Porter and Kramer (2011) gave seven examples of how the concept of shared value could be created. Shared value is created when society benefits at the same time a company is making economic gains. To combine the concepts of business model innovation, business models, sustainability, CSR, and shared value we have created a model. The model’s purpose is to see how companies can practically integrate CSR and sustainability into the three business model pillars. Business model innovation was the purpose arena in which a company could change in order to create shared value   After conducting interviews with seven different respondents from six different companies located in northern Sweden we were able to see that both strong and weak sustainability are visible in the value proposition pillar and somewhat visible in the value creation and delivery pillar. On the other hand, both internal and external CSR were only visible in the value creation and delivery pillar. Moreover, we could conclude that shared value was created by all of the respondent’s companies and in addition to Porter and Kramer’s (2011) examples added a new way shared value can be created through spreading ‘green’ knowledge. By using our research as a starting point we were able to identify directions for future research in the fields of business model innovation, business models, sustainability, CSR, and shared value.

[pt] A presente pesquisa se insere em um contexto caracterizado pela crescente discussão de geração de valor ao acionista intensificada pela crise econômica ocorrida entre os anos de 2008 e 2009, que fez crescer diversas dúvidas relacionadas à doutrina de maximização do valor para o acionista principalmente no que tange as estratégias para alcançar este objetivo. Neste contexto, a definição e a escolha da estratégia mais adequada se mostram como diferenciais para enfrentar os desafios impostos pelo cenário econômico no que tange a questão do desempenho da empresa e seu retorno para os acionistas. Desta forma, o objetivo central do estudo foi relacionar as estratégias de crescimento (fusões e aquisições ou crescimento orgânico) com o desempenho de empresas que passaram por um processo de fusões e aquisições no período de 2003 até 2013 baseado no indicador de desempenho definido como Q de Tobin. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de testes estatísticos com dados empíricos das empresas de capital aberto, com ações negociadas na bolsa de valores de São Paulo e avaliou indicadores de retornos das ações das empresas que foram adquiridas e das firmas que as compraram, bem como características da transação tais como a forma de pagamento, a quantidade de compradores, o tamanho relativo entre as empresas e o desempenho destas empresas medido pelo índice Q de Tobin. Os resultados demonstraram que a base de dados disponível para o período analisado não é suficiente para chegarmos a uma conclusão definitiva sobre o impacto das variáveis citadas acima sobre o retorno das ações. / [en] This research is part of a context characterized by increasing use of discussion to generate shareholder value enhanced by the economic crisis that occurred in 2008 and 2009 that has increased several questions related to the doctrine of maximizing shareholder value, especially regarding the strategies to achieve this goal. In this context, the definition and selection of the most appropriate strategy is shown as differential to face the challenges posed by the economic scenario regarding the issue of the performance of the company and its shareholder return. Thus, the main objective of this research was to compare the growth strategies ( mergers and acquisitions or organic growth ) with the performance of companies that have gone through a process of mergers and acquisitions from 2003 to 2013 based on the performance indicator defined as Tobin s Q. The survey was conducted by means of statistical tests with empirical data of publicly traded companies with shares traded on the São Paulo Stock Exchange and assessed indicators of stock returns of companies that went through the acquisition event as well as features transaction such as payment method, the number of buyers, the relative size between firms and the performance of these companies measured by Tobin s Q. The results showed that the available database for the reporting period is not sufficient to come to a definite conclusion about the impact of the aforementioned variables on stock returns.

There is a growing trend that businesses are expected to address economic, social, as well as environmental issues and operate in a manner that contributes both to the organisation as well as the society (Elkington, 1998), which commonly is referred to as Corporate Social Responsibility. Porter and Kramer (2006) highlight that the business’s primary concern is to run a profitable business, and therefore developed the framework Creating Shared Value.  This study examines how Swedish companies that changed from working with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to working with Creating Shared Value, experience differences in their sustainability work and what advantages and challenges the change emerged in.  The methods used are semi-structured interviews together with content analyses of four Swedish companies’ sustainability reports.  This thesis argues that companies’ sustainability work changed between 2010-2018 from focusing on philanthropy to a focus on sustainability through profitability. Also, the change to CSV for these companies resulted in an increased focus on the environmental aspects, and a decreased focus on the major social aspects. The companies spent more resources on innovation related to environmental issues, which generated profit, and on beneficial collaborations. An advantage of adopting CSV is that a focus on profitability may drive change regarding environmental issues, which in turn leads to long-term economic sustainability. However, shared value can be problematic in some ways, especially when it comes to gaining profit from social value, and thus social global issues might be overlooked for activities within their own business environment.

Esta pesquisa tem o propósito de verificar na prática o modo como os conceitos de Fayga Ostrower relativos ao processo de criação podem contribuir para a construção da obra cênica. Para essa finalidade é feito, nas páginas que se seguem o relato da elaboração de uma cena ao longo do ano de 2007 dentro da Universidade de São Paulo no Centro de Pesquisa em Experimentação Cênica do Ator, coordenado pelo professor livre docente Armando Sérgio da Silva. No primeiro capítulo é feita a apresentação do conceito de forma como é entendido por Fayga, bem como as bases do pensamento criativo por ela propostas. Na segunda parte estão expostos os princípios norteadores do caminho percorrido e a abordagem feita dos estímulos selecionados. O último capítulo traz uma descrição detalhada dos resultados alcançados e as seguidas transformações que a cena foi sofrendo até chegar na sua versão final. / The present research intends to verify in practice how the concepts of Fayga Ostrower relating to creating process can contribute to the construction of the scenic work. For this purpose is done, in the following pages, our story about the development of a scene during 2007 at University of São Paulo in the Research Center in Actors Scenic Trial, coordinated by Professor Armando Sergio da Silva. In the first chapter we have the form concept, as it is understood by Fayga, and the foundations of creative thinking are proposed. In the second part are exposed the guiding principles of the path and our approach made on selected stimuli. The last chapter provides a detailed description on achieved results and changes suffered by the scene until its final version.

Esta pesquisa tem o propósito de verificar na prática o modo como os conceitos de Fayga Ostrower relativos ao processo de criação podem contribuir para a construção da obra cênica. Para essa finalidade é feito, nas páginas que se seguem o relato da elaboração de uma cena ao longo do ano de 2007 dentro da Universidade de São Paulo no Centro de Pesquisa em Experimentação Cênica do Ator, coordenado pelo professor livre docente Armando Sérgio da Silva. No primeiro capítulo é feita a apresentação do conceito de forma como é entendido por Fayga, bem como as bases do pensamento criativo por ela propostas. Na segunda parte estão expostos os princípios norteadores do caminho percorrido e a abordagem feita dos estímulos selecionados. O último capítulo traz uma descrição detalhada dos resultados alcançados e as seguidas transformações que a cena foi sofrendo até chegar na sua versão final. / The present research intends to verify in practice how the concepts of Fayga Ostrower relating to creating process can contribute to the construction of the scenic work. For this purpose is done, in the following pages, our story about the development of a scene during 2007 at University of São Paulo in the Research Center in Actors Scenic Trial, coordinated by Professor Armando Sergio da Silva. In the first chapter we have the form concept, as it is understood by Fayga, and the foundations of creative thinking are proposed. In the second part are exposed the guiding principles of the path and our approach made on selected stimuli. The last chapter provides a detailed description on achieved results and changes suffered by the scene until its final version.

Submitted by Andrea Pereira (andrea.pereira@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-03-10T16:44:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertacao-Guilherme-Pacheco-Casa-Nova.pdf: 2754093 bytes, checksum: 67618b9e0e61ef5e444a49b324c0d13f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Andrea Pereira (andrea.pereira@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-03-10T16:45:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertacao-Guilherme-Pacheco-Casa-Nova.pdf: 2754093 bytes, checksum: 67618b9e0e61ef5e444a49b324c0d13f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-10T16:45:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertacao-Guilherme-Pacheco-Casa-Nova.pdf: 2754093 bytes, checksum: 67618b9e0e61ef5e444a49b324c0d13f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-31 / Nesse trabalho sintetizamos o processo empreendido na construção das condições que possibilitassem aos alunos imaginar, agir e criar e, como desdobramento ou emergência desse processo, detalhamos um conjunto de princípios orientadores da construção de conhecimento em ciências. O foco do estudo foi o ensino de ciências nos anos finais do ensino fundamental. Esse trabalho explorou o currículo em ciências previsto para o nono ano do ensino fundamental, investindo numa metodologia que fosse capaz de ultrapassar as sequencialidades lineares das informações e fosse capaz de perpassar os caminhos bifurcativos do processo de conhecer. Dessa maneira, investimos em “criar condições” para que os alunos reorganizassem essas informações numa perspectiva e sistêmica e construíssem novos conhecimentos. Para respaldar a proposta do projeto e fundamentar essa pesquisa de cunho investigativo e qualitativo, buscou-se apoio, principalmente, nos textos de Edgar Morin, Saturnino de La Torre, Rita de Cássia Souza e Virgínia Kastrup. Nesse trabalho os alunos construíram um espaço com característica diferente de uma sala de aula usando como sede um chalé. Nesse chalé, anteriormente utilizado para aulas de educação ambiental, criaram, com sua imaginação, um “Laboratório Secreto”. Esse “Laboratório Secreto” atuou como dispositivo para investigação e durante o processo de criação os alunos foram tornando-se “cientistas” desse laboratório. Como “cientistas”, tiveram que explicar e buscar soluções, realizar experimentos, exercitar a leitura e a escrita através da criação textual no “diário de um cientista”, pesquisar assuntos na internet e nos livros didáticos. Para deslocar o professor da sua posição instituída (como detentor e transmissor da informação), assim como deslocamos o aluno de uma posição que também tende a instituir-se (como receptor dessa informação), criamos uma personagem virtual denominada “Velhinha do Ônibus” cuja tarefa foi enviar algumas mensagens pela internet ou por correspondências via correio, bem como alguns materiais, amostras e novas missões para os “cientistas” investigarem e solucionarem. Com a proposição de envolver personagens, capazes de deslocar as posições instituídas “professor” e “aluno” e das funções que tendem para transmissão/recepção de informações, anuncia-se os pressupostos para uma metodologia que pretende inserir algumas instabilidades nos modos hegemônicos de organizar os espaços de aprendizagem. Para obtenção dos dados, trabalhou-se durante dois trimestres assuntos relacionados à química estipulados no programa escolar em parceria com a professora titular. Durante o processo de implantação da proposta, foi possível criar condições para que a ação e a criação fosse transversalizada pela imaginação. Dessa maneira, produzindo-se interligações, organização dinâmica das informações, provocando novos questionamentos, mobilizando a busca de outras informações, as quais conduziram a novos conhecimentos. Na organização das informações obtidas no desenrolar das atividades, percebemos que aconteceram situações que mobilizavam os alunos, tanto para “explicar” as situações problemáticas advindas das estratégias de intervenção no plano da ação e da criação, como para “implicar”, para além da ação, ou seja, pela imaginação. Agrupamos estas situações em três momentos e que denominaremos: momento metamórfico explicativo, momento intermetamórfico e momento metamórfico implicativo. / This study tried to create conditions for planning and acting more dynamic and creative in Teaching of Sciences. As a demand for this process, we elaborated a propitious environment to construct knowledge and apply it to absolving classes in the elementary school, “Ensino Fundamental” - according to the Brazilian education system. The objective of this work was to explore the ninth level of the education program, by means of a methodology that could enable passing through bifurcated ways of information, so that students could organize it and transform it into new acquired knowledge. In order to support the purpose of this project and perform this research in a qualitative and investigative way, we referred to texts written by Edgar Morin, Saturnino de La Torre, Rita de Cássia Souza and Virgínia Kastrup. In this cottage, formerly used for classes of Environmental Education, students created, according to their imagination, a “Secret Laboratory”. This “Secret Laboratory” worked as an instrument for investigations and during the creation process, the students became “scientists”, and once becoming one, they had to give general explanations of a designed topic and also solve its ongoing problems, as well as undertake experiments, and finally, look for corresponding themes in internet and learning books to improve their reading and writing abilities, what could be reproduced later on in their own diary, the “Diary of a Scientist”. In order to dynamize the interaction teacher-student, we also created a virtual character for the first one, named “the kindly grandma, just met on the bus”, whose main task was to send messages, materials, samples or new missions, via internet or conventional mail, to the students, the “scientists”, to be investigated and subsequently solved. Creating characters, that are able to interact the traditional fixed positions between teacher and student, as well as it pre-stablished functions on impartation/reception of knowledge, announces hereto the prerequisites of our figured out methodology, that intends to create some dynamic variances in opposite of hegemonic ways to organize the conventional teaching methods. For data collection we worked issues related to the discipline of Chemistry during two trimesters. These issues were planned based on the normal scholar program in association with the titular teacher of the discipline. During the process of implementation of the proposal, it was possible to create conditions for the action and creation were mainstreamed by imagination. Thus, producing interconnections, dynamic organization of information, provoking new questions, mobilizing the search for other information, which led to new knowledge. In the organization of the information obtained in the course of activities, we realized that occurred situations that mobilized students both to "explain" the problematic situations arising of intervention strategies in the plan of action and creation, as to "imply", in addition to action, or by imagination. We group these situations three times and we will call: explanatory metamorphic moment intermetamórfico time and metamorphic implicative time.