Following a period of resurgence in academic interest in the subject over the last 30-40 years, white-collar crime has found greater prominence within criminology. Efforts over this period have however failed to produce a single satisfactory and agreed-upon definition, a consistent and coherent body of research, and a single theory which can account for all forms of white-collar crime. This thesis aims to address certain shortcomings in the current state of white-collar crime theory and understanding. Part 1) addresses the issues of both conceptual definition of white-collar crime and specific behaviours as proscribed within the Legislation. Part 2) examines current criminological theory and research on individual differences (arguably the biggest gap in current knowledge in the area of white-collar crime); it examines the origins and current state of offender profiling in crime prevention, before Part 3) presents original research on establishing offence-specific white-collar criminal profiles based on demographic, sociological, psychological, organisational and motivational factors. Part 4) examines why certain individuals may perpetrate certain crimes in certain situations, beginning with a review of those few white-collar crime specific theories that do exist, before reviewing traditional sociological theories and attempting to apply them to white-collar crime; finally in Part 5) a new conceptual framework for white-collar crime is presented, which is referred to as the theory of ‘Differential Assimilation’. I bring together each of these chapters and situate the thesis within current research and literature, summarising how it engages and contributes to the field of white-collar crime. I include suggestions for the practical application of certain white-collar crime prevention techniques within organisations.

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Master of Regional and Community Planning / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / John W. Keller / An ongoing debate has taken place within the criminology and planning sectors. A major question that has been raised is, "Are sexually oriented businesses associated with high crime rates?" Though this may seem like an important topic for communities, there is currently a lack of empirical studies dealing with it. This report acts as a case study for San Francisco, California. The case study compares crime rates near ten strip clubs with crime rates to a fairly similar business, night clubs. The data that was used refers to crime that took place from 2012-2014, and includes most violent, property and public disorder crimes. In order to find out which type of business is more "dangerous", a percentage equation was used. The results from the percentage equation show the probability of crime incidents within 1,500 feet of a strip club or a night club. An example of a result from this equation is that on average, 3.67% of all of San Francisco’s "Public Drunkenness" incidents will take place within 1,500 feet of a night club. Meanwhile, 4.54% of San Francisco’s "Public Drunkenness" incidents will occur within 1,500 feet of a strip club. One can see that each business has its own percentage based off of public drunkenness crimes that occurred from 2012-2014. A GIS spatial analysis process, the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), was also used. The OLS process factors crimes with demographics. This is useful for criminological studies because it can find a statistically significant relationship between things like assaults and the percentage of people living in poverty. The crimes were arranged in 18 categories ranging from kidnapping to domestic violence, from larceny to arson, etc. Results show that when viewing the numbers from the percentage equation, night clubs had higher percentages for 6 of the 18 crimes. The strip clubs showed higher percentages for the remaining 12 crime categories. When viewing the results from the GIS analysis, one can see if crime rates are determined by characteristics such as income, percentage of people receiving food stamps, proximity to strip clubs and more. This report will cover background literature regarding sexually oriented businesses. It will also show the methodology used for the San Francisco case study, as well as the results from the study.

ABSTRACT A Walk through the Criminal’s City: John Kiriamiti’s My Life in Crime and My Life in Prison is an examination of Kiriamiti’s use of the criminal figure to represent the urban space and its discourses. Among the various ways through which this study achieves its aim is by undertaking an overview of the crime genre in terms of its history and development, particularly the most popular of which is the detective crime sub-genre. Secondly, the study examines Kiriamiti’s (re)construction of the fictional criminal figure as a hero through the principles of the crime thriller. In the examination of Kiriamiti’s representation of the urban space, this study digs into the various zones in which the criminal undertakes his daily activities like the bar, certain neighbourhoods and the prison. Finally, the study examines the use of stereotypes, as forming part of the discourses that order the urban space, in Kiriamiti’s crime writing.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-29T23:25:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-30 / The work analyzes the relationship between the modern state, constitutional and democratic, and the macro-crime carried out by criminal organizations, terrorists or mafia groups. It analyzes the impacts of such illegal institutions, whether internal or international, in modern and liberal democracies, especially considering the direct attack made against the state. At first, the concept of modern democracy is analyzed, verifying the differences from the classical idea of the institute, such as indicating that the exercise of democratic power requires rigorous control. Then, the work examines the ideas related to fundamental rights, the difficulty to define these rights, and the methods for application and restrictions. Criminal institutions of various kinds (purely criminal, mafia or terrorists) using daily gap state or even fundamental rights to offend against the state. They want to weaken state power, directly facilitating the development of its pipeline, representing a wider range of threats to national states. The analysis and proposals for democratic models and tools that can be used to make state action more responsive and effective in this scenario and higher opportunities for taking on such a crime appears to be essential, especially considering that such actions could jeopardize the future exercise itself democratic power. In this context, to precisely define the concept and exceptional situations and how to act in these situations is essential to protect the society and the state itself. The role of the state of emergency requires a well-defined constitutional system models and specially controlled so that such powers can not be used improperly or illegally Keywords: Democracy. Organized crime. Exception state. Terrorism. State power. / O trabalho analisa as relações entre o estado moderno, constitucional e democrático e a macrocriminalidade, realizada por organizações criminosas, grupos mafiosos ou terroristas. Examina os impactos causados por tais instituições ilícitas, quer internas, quer internacionais, nas democracias modernas e liberais, notadamente considerando o ataque direto feito contra o Estado. Num primeiro momento, o próprio conceito de democracia moderno é definido, verificando-se as diferenças com a ideia clássica do instituto bem como indicando que o exercício do poder democrático exige um rigoroso controle. Em seguida verifica as ideias relativas a direitos fundamentais, sua difícil conceituação e formas de aplicação e restrição. As instituições criminosas de diversas naturezas (puramente criminosas, mafiosas ou terroristas), utilizando-se cotidianamente de lacunas estatais ou mesmo de direitos fundamentais para atentarem contra o estado, desejam com isso enfraquecer o poder estatal, facilitando diretamente o desenvolvimento de suas condutas, representando uma maior gama de ameaças aos Estados Nacionais. A análise e propostas de modelos e instrumentos democráticos, que podem ser utilizados para tornar a atuação estatal mais ágil e eficaz nesse cenário e com maiores condições de enfrentamento de tal criminalidade, mostram-se indispensáveis, especialmente considerando que tais ações podem comprometer no futuro o próprio exercício democrático do poder. Com isso definir com precisão o conceito e as situações de exceção bem como de que maneira agir nestas situações, é indispensável para resguardar a sociedade e o próprio estado. A atuação estatal pela via de exceção exige um sistema pensado de modelos constitucionais bem definidos e especialmente controlado para que tais poderes não possam ser utilizados de forma abusiva ou ilegal. Busca com isso trazer ao mundo do direito a exceção e não admiti-la fora do universo jurídico. Palavras-chave: Democracia. Crime organizado. Estado de exceção. Terrorismo. Poder do Estado.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:31:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Idalina Maria Almeida de Freitas.pdf: 1960537 bytes, checksum: 355a09723cba2bf5ccb403876a35c085 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This dissertation is centered in the analysis of the sex relationships in Fortaleza at the beginning of the XX century, above all between the years 20 and 30. The documental base of the research is constituted, mainly, with three types of sources: criminal proceedings, newspapers and written opinions of jurists. The objective of the research is to rebuild and to analyze the histories of poor and common historical subjects involved by the passion and the crime and wrapped up in work, violence and sex relationships. We still observe the moral and structural changes existing in the city between these years and the influence that they exercise on the actions of passion crimes, that are important factors and that interfere in the analysis, as well as the transforming and power-related human elements. The work was constituted in three chapters - "The Price of Betrayal: homicide as apex of a Plot"; "Multiple voices: Crime Processes"; and "Passions and Existences" , in which the relationship among the city, the day to day and the criminal proceedings is seen and reviewed in accordance with the approaches proposed in each item. Such being the case, this study does not intend to handle all the aspects of the crime in their legal characteristics, but to prioritize the actions of the day to day before and after the crime. And what are the inquietudes of this search? Would they just be related to the subject of violence or crime? There is no pretension to build a history of the victims, either to accomplish a historical essay of the feminine oppression. On the contrary. The intent is to leave explicit the game of tensions and conflicts happened in defined time and space. In this study, the search for the "truths" implies in trying to realize in the interlines the characters, urban space, fears, uses and recreations in the experience of the day to day / Esta dissertação encontra-se centrada na análise das relações de gênero em Fortaleza no início do século XX, sobretudo entre os anos 20 e 30. A base documental da pesquisa constitui-se, principalmente, com três tipos de fontes: processos criminais, jornais e escritos de juristas. O objetivo da pesquisa é reconstruir e analisar as histórias de sujeitos históricos pobres e comuns envolvidos pela paixão e pelo crime e envoltos em relações de trabalho, violência e gênero. Observam-se, ainda, as mudanças morais e estruturais presentes na cidade entre esses anos e a influência que exerceram nas ações dos crimes passionais, fatores importantes e que interferem na análise, bem como os elementos humanos transformadores e de poder. O trabalho constituiu-se em três capítulos O Preço da Traição: o homicídio como ápice de uma Trama ; Múltiplas vozes: Processos-Crime ; e Paixões e Vivências , nos quais a relação entre a cidade, o cotidiano e os processos criminais é vista e revista de acordo com as abordagens propostas em cada item. Assim, este estudo não se propõe a dar conta de todos os aspectos do crime em suas características legais, mas a priorizar as ações do cotidiano antes e depois do crime. E quais são as inquietações dessa busca? Estariam apenas relacionadas à questão da violência ou do crime? Não se tem a pretensão de construir uma história das vítimas, tampouco de realizar um ensaio histórico da opressão feminina. Pelo contrário. O intuito é deixar explícito o jogo de tensões e conflitos ocorrido num tempo e num espaço definidos. Neste estudo, a busca pelas verdades implica tentar perceber nas entrelinhas os personagens, o espaço urbano, os medos, os usos e as recriações na experiência do cotidiano

Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Civil (especialização em Planeamento). Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2008

The purpose of this thesis is to explore the phenomenon of fear of crime in the context of two highly distinct small town environments: one characterized by extremely rapid population growth due to energy development, and the other characterized by relative stability and slow population expansion. Although in general prior fear of crime research has indicated relatively low levels of fear in rural small towns, the altered social environment of the rapid growth community may result in substantially heightened fear of crime. Using survey data collected from random samples of households in each of the study communities, the relationships between fear of crime and community of residence was examined, as were relationships between fear and respondents' age, sex, length of residence, and criminal victimization experiences. Results indicate substantially higher fear of crime among boomtown residents, a finding which is tentatively interpreted as indicative of more general social disruption under conditions of rapid growth.

Aujourd'hui, bien que la mafia russe soit officiellement démantelée, elle continue à influencer et à transformer l’identité de son «fidèle» spectateur par la voie cinématographique. Dans ce cas comme dans sans doute beaucoup d’autres, comme le rappelle à juste titre Valérie Pozner, « le cinéma doit être replacé au sein d’un vaste réseau de pratiques spectaculaires et de stratégies éducatives, politiques et informatives hétérogènes ».1Cette thèse revient en premier lieu sur les participants et les engagements de cette coopération entre la mafia et le cinéma. Avant de retracer les principaux traits de ce mariage ciné-mafia-politique, nous allons aborder les formes nouvelles qui apparaissent dans ce nouveau style de cinéma criminel très populaire et répandu dans la société russe. Pour cela faire, dans un premier temps, la recherche donnera certaines détaillées nécessaires pour illustrer les principaux acteurs et principaux événements de la véritable guerre sanglante des groupement criminelles pendant la Grande Révolution Criminelle Russe de 1988-1994. Dans un deuxième temps, nous analyserons les mécanismes de propagande, véhiculés par le cinéma du genre mafieux et criminel russe dont une partie appartient à l’héritage soviétique. Ces mécanismes de propagande, explicites ou masqués, mais surtout ayant un rôle de promotion pour la toute-puissance Russie, accompagnent cette brutalité d’un style de vie que les occidentaux étudient, afin de le comprendre, depuis des siècles. Un Etat « à part » ainsi que son cinéma, que l'on peut aimer ou détester, mais face auquel on ne peut rester indiffèrent !Ce travail de doctorat s'appuiera sur trois hypothèses :Hypothèse 1 : L'arrivée de la Mafia russe dans les circuits de financement du cinéma est aussi une médiation, une communication entre la vie de l'Organisation et le grand public. Elle s'exprime notamment par la mise en place de ce que nous pourrions appeler une « esthétique mafieuse ».Hypothèse 2 : Les attributs de cette esthétique mafieuse profitent des attributs de l'esthétique à laquelle elle succède : l’esthétique soviétique, le socialisme. La question de la conscientisation de ces transformations est une question cruciale.Hypothèse 3 : Cette esthétique mafieuse, cinématographique opère une communication publique et, donc, une évolution des représentations sociales des spectateurs. Nous allons faire l'évaluation de ces valeurs par le public. / Today, although the Russian mafia and organized crime community is officially defeated, it continues to influence, transform the identity of his « faithful » viewers through by the way of cinema. It's necessary to understand the exchanges between the cinema said « criminal fiction » and its influence on the public reality. On the one hand the Russian mafia identity of cinema was built across the international market and international audiovisual film.The originality of Russian fictional crime genre, in particular, that it was in some cases produced, directed and performed by former criminals, who also faced historical changes, and were influenced by Hollywood mafia movies lived a period of transformation in « cinema professionals », as also the professionals in the field of other arts such as literature, publication, music, television. Such was the case of Vitaly Demochka 1, the former criminal, who became director, producer, actor and writer. The particularity of his case, that he directed and performed his own « life story » on the screen, as well the members of his former criminal team became the fictional heroes of his film « Spets ».In parallel, our work is focused on the study of “communicating objects”, such as a music, behavior, language, dress code, tattoos. Which have become representative as the 'weapon' of mafia propaganda, projected in the cinema and widely recycled in reality, and vice versa. It operates not only the mythification of public communication but therefore, the evolution of the social representations and even transformation of the spectators.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1984. / Vita. Bibliography: leaves [188]-202.