Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-01-31T13:25:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Éder Mendes de Paula - 2016.pdf: 1781042 bytes, checksum: ed68d19918ebcdf848e72c86e44f701a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-01-31T13:25:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Éder Mendes de Paula - 2016.pdf: 1781042 bytes, checksum: ed68d19918ebcdf848e72c86e44f701a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-31T13:25:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Éder Mendes de Paula - 2016.pdf: 1781042 bytes, checksum: ed68d19918ebcdf848e72c86e44f701a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Crazy offender was an unknown for the History of Goiás, his image has always been directly related to prisoners with no categorization of these men and women. The research aims to trace the trajectory of the insane offender, their invisibility diluted in the other category of exclusion to their categorization made from the anti-asylum struggle in Goiás. In the intricacies of this historical period from the twentieth century, issues are addressed as coronelismo and violence in an attempt to understand how society relates goiana crime and madness. Thus, it is possible to analyze why certain crimes are rationalized easily and others not, reflecting on the historical particularities of the State of Goiás. / O louco infrator foi uma incógnita durante a História de Goiás, sua imagem esteve sempre relacionada diretamente aos presidiários não havendo uma categorização destes homens e mulheres. A pesquisa objetiva traçar a trajetória do louco infrator, da sua invisibilidade diluído em meio a outra categoria de exclusão à sua categorização realizada a partir da luta antimanicomial em Goiás. Nos meandros deste período histórico que compreende o século XX, são abordadas questões como o coronelismo e a violência na tentativa de compreender como a sociedade goiana relaciona o crime e a loucura. Sendo assim, é possível analisar porque determinados delitos são racionalizados com facilidade e outros não, refletindo sobre as particularidades históricas do Estado de Goiás.

Os estudos sobre desenvolvimento e criminalidade produziram um discurso que toma o comportamento infracional como um acontecimento investido de um alto padrão de repetição e estabilidade. Ao mesmo tempo em que refletem as concepções sociais, esses estudos orientam o interesse de investigação para a continuidade, negligenciando a existência de múltiplas trajetórias desenvolvimentais e legitimando o próprio conhecimento e discurso produzidos. Do ponto de vista empírico, verifica-se a predominância da identificação dos fatores envolvidos na manifestação da delinqüência e no seu curso de desenvolvimento e, nesse sentido, as produções resultantes são discursos que falam sobre os infratores e não a partir de ou com eles. Nesse trabalho, defende-se a idéia de que para compreender os processos de desenvolvimento em contextos criminais, faz-se necessário considerar as significações atribuídas a esse fenômeno, principalmente por parte de quem o vivenciou. Desloca assim a discussão e a investigação sobre continuidade e descontinuidade para o âmbito da construção de identidades pessoais e sociais. Compartilhando uma concepção de pessoa humana múltipla, situada em contextos interacionais, que negocia posições a cada momento, defende-se que continuidade e descontinuidade de si só podem ser entendidas dentro do jogo complexo de relações entre as posições assumidas pelas e atribuídas às pessoas que, mais do que obedecer a uma lógica linear, atuam numa multiplicidade dialógica. A partir da utilização de conceitos advindos das perspectivas da identidade narrativa, Dialogical Self e Rede de Significações, defende-se que continuidades e descontinuidades acontecem num movimento de figura e fundo de posicionamentos mediados por relações sociais e culturais, permitindo a existência de \"novas\" e \"velhas\" posições, oriundas do tempo histórico, do tempo vivido e do aqui e agora. Partindo desses pressupostos, o objetivo do trabalho é investigar como a relação entre continuidade e descontinuidade de si se articula na narrativa dos participantes e como, numa situação de entrevista autobiográfica, eles se posicionam e são posicionados ao significar os eventos vividos, no nível do evento narrado e no nível do evento narrativo. O corpus da investigação foi construído através de entrevistas realizadas com dois homens que tiveram envolvimento com o crime em algum momento de suas vidas. Considerando a narrativa como um recurso privilegiado de descrição e construção de si, a partir de uma concepção dialógica, ela é tratada de modo a compreender tanto os posicionamentos assumidos pelos participantes nos diferentes momentos de vida narrados como posicionamentos emergentes na interação pesquisador-pesquisado e nas marcas de linguagem, como mistura de tempos verbais, pausas, sentenças inconclusas. A análise aponta para existência de um movimento onde continuidade e descontinuidade de si se dão numa negociação de posições mais do que num simples deslocamento ou substituição; negociações carregadas de conflitos e permeadas por questões de gênero, classe e poder. / The studies of development and criminal activities yielded a discourse that considers the criminal behavior as an event pervaded of a high pattern of repetition and stability. These studies reflect the social conceptions about offenders at the same time they guide the inquiry for continuity, neglecting the existence of multiple pathways and legitimizing their own acknowledgment. From the empirical point of view, it prevails the search of factors involved in the displaying of the delinquency and in its development in the life course. In this sense, the resultant productions are discourses on criminals, not from or with them. This work defends the idea that to understand the development processes in criminal contexts it is necessary considering the meanings conferred to this phenomenon, mainly by who lived it. Therefore, the discussion and investigation of the continuity and discontinuity for the scope of construction of the personal and social identities is dislocated. Sharing the conception of multiple human being, which is situated in interactional contexts, that negotiates positions at each moment, it is defended that the self continuity and discontinuity only can be understood in a complex game of relations among positions assumed by and attributed to people. More than liner logic, these relations take place in a multiple dialogic. Using concepts from the perspective of the narrative identity, Dialogical Self and Network of Meanings, it is defended that the continuities and discontinuities occur in a back and figure movement of positions, mediated by social and cultural relations. It allows the existence of \"new\" and \"old\" positions, from the historical time, the lived time and from here and now. Starting from this assumption, the work aims to investigate how the relation between self continuity and discontinuity are articulated in the narrative of the participants. It is intended to investigate how in a situation of autobiography interview, they position themselves and are positioned, in the level of the narrated event and in the level of the narrative event. The corpus of the investigation was constructed through interviews performed with two men that were involved with crime in some time of their lives. Considering the narrative as a privileged resource of self description and construction, from a dialogical conception, it is treated to understand positioning assumed by the participants in their different moments of life narrated as well as emergent positions in the interaction researcher-researched and in the language marks, as a mixture of verbal times, pauses, unconcluded sentences. The analyses point out to the existence of a movement where self continuities and discontinuities combine themselves in a negotiation of positions more than in a simple displacement, negotiations full of conflicts and permeated by questions of gender, class and power.

Várias ciências sociais desenvolveram teorias sobre o crime. Mas foi na Economia que uma teoria geral do crime foi desenvolvida de forma mais completa. Porém, a comprovação empírica da teoria econômica do crime não é totalmente satisfatória, fornece uma explicação apenas parcial do fenômeno. Além disso, sua aplicação estrita parece ter gerado problemas, como o crescimento exagerado da população encarcerada. Nesta Tese procura-se analisar possíveis deficiências nessa teoria, em especial as resultantes da aplicação estrita do postulado da racionalidade, e confrontá-la com explicações adicionais e complementares que poderiam gerar uma visão do crime mais completa. Argumenta-se que teorias complementares do capital social e da vitimização podem ser integradas nos modelos existentes e melhorar o entendimento do que causa o crime. Finalmente, pelos dados de uma pesquisa de vitimização conduzida com a finalidade de comprender melhor o crime na cidade de São Paulo, procura-se estimar os efeitos de variáveis ligadas ao capital social e à vitimização para comprovar a influência desses elementos sobre o crime. O resultado mostra que crimes diversos são explicados por variáveis diferentes, sendo difícil aceitar uma explicação única, simples e geral. Crimes com motivação econômica (roubos e furtos), conforme esperado, dependem mais de variáveis econômicas enquanto os sem essa motivação (agressões físicas e vebais) encontram no capital social uma explicação relevante. / Various social sciences developed theories about crime. But it was in economics that a general theory was developed in its most complete form, However a total empirical evidence of the economic theory of the crime is not totally satisfactory, supplying only a explanation of the phenomenon. Besides this, its strict application only supplies a general exaggeration of the population put into jail. In this Thesis one analyses possible deficiencies in this theory, specially the strict application of the theory of the postulate of rationality, and confront it with additional explanations that could generate a more complete vision of crime. On argues that complementary theories about social capital and victimization could be integrated into the existing model and improve the understanding of what causes crime. Finally, with the data of a research on victimization whose objective was to understand the crime in São Paulo city, one looks forward to estimate the effects Social Capital and their influence over crime. The result shows that diverse crimes are explained by diverse variables, being difficult to accept one only explanation, simple and direct. Crimes with economic motivation (robberies) as expected depend more on such economic variables while crimes with no such explanations (physical and economic aggressions) find more relevance on social capital.

Orientador: Joel Sales Giglio / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campionas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T03:59:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Davanco_DanielleTruffiLima_M.pdf: 2475998 bytes, checksum: 4bb474f33d60b42be17afe7feea701b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O presente trabalho objetiva a investigação psicanalítica do imaginário coletivo de homicidas acerca do matar. Compreendendo o método psicanalítico como um método investigativo nas ciências humanas e partindo de um paradigma intersubjetivo, realizamos seis entrevistas individuais para a abordagem da pessoalidade coletiva da pessoa que comete homicídio - réus confessos do crime de homicídio do Centro de Ressocialização de Mogi Mirim, SP - acerca do ato de matar. Valemo-nos de uma mediação dialógica conhecida como Procedimento Desenhos-Estórias com Tema, desenvolvida por Aiello-Vaisberg. As entrevistas foram realizadas dentro da própria Unidade prisional referida, mediante convites aos participantes, antecedidos por pesquisas em prontuário criminológico. A partir das entrevistas, narrativas transferenciais sobre o acontecer clínico foram confeccionadas; o material, considerado psicanaliticamente à luz da Teoria dos Campos de Herrmann e de interlocução com o pensamento winnicottiano, foi tomado para a captação dos campos de sentido afetivo-emocional que organizam o imaginário coletivo estudado. O quadro geral permitiu a organização das concepções imaginativas enquanto emergentes de três campos de sentido afetivoemocional: "Acontecimento fatídico "Um mundo próprio"; e "Dramática humana". A partir deste estudo, criamos/encontramos três motivações que poderiam estar sustentando o ato de matar no Imaginário Coletivo de nossos entrevistados / Abstract: This paper is intended as a psychoanalytical investigation of the collective imagination of murderers on killing. In our understanding of the psychoanalytical method as an investigative method for the Humanities, and with an intersubjective paradigm as the starting point, we conducted six personal interviews for an approach to the collective personality of people who commit murder - defendants who admitted to have committed murder and are undergoing reeducation at the Resocialization Center of Mogi Mirim, SP - regarding the act of killing, [and] we resorted to a dialogic mediation known as Procedure Drawings-Story with Theme, developed by Aiello-Vaisberg. The interviews were conducted inside the prison facility itself through invitations extended to those undergoing participants, preceded by research of criminal records in order to locate those who were serving sentences for the aforementioned crime. With the interviews as a starting point, transferential narratives on clinical events were carefully prepared; the material, considered psychoanalytically under the light of Herrmann's Field Theory and an interlocution with Winnicottian thought, was considered in order to capture the affective-emotional sense fields that organize the Collective Imaginary subject to study. This overview allowed imaginative conceptions to be organized while emerging from three affective-emotional sense fields: "fateful event"; "one's own world" and "human dramatics," which is organized around the belief that human living, a very complex phenomenon, encompasses both destructive and violent deeds and constructive and kind deeds, and such deeds are capable of being done by every human being. We concluded that, based on this study, three motives could be supporting the Collective Imaginary for the conduct of the interviewed murderers / Mestrado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Mestre em Ciências Médicas

Doctorat en droit / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Attempts at treatment and training in correctional institutions have historically preceded the establishment of adequate diagnosis and treatment-planning. Mass work and socialization programmes have generally been instituted in the more treatment-focused correctional systems, not with any realistic assurance that they could be adapted to the individual needs of inmates, but rather because such programmes were considered worthwhile, per se. On the North American continent, new attempts have been made in the past twenty-five years to apply to corrections the principle long-recognized in other treatment fields, i.e., individual diagnosis as the prerequisite to effective treatment. This study briefly reviews the development of correctional classification (diagnosis and treatment-planning) up to the present time, and describes the many penological trends evidenced by this development, in keeping with the various influences of the humanitarians and social scientists. It is suggested, perhaps unconventionally, that the correctional classification process is actually the final step in a series of more general "classifications" by the police, the community, and so forth. Four contemporary classification systems selected for their progressive features are described in detail: (a) the British "Borstal" system, (b) the State of New York, (c) the State of Pennsylvania, and (d) the State of California programmes. These programmes were selected from a wider survey, using the American Prison Association's Directory of Institutions and Manual of Correctional Standards as the criteria for selection. Classification practice within the British Columbia Provincial Gaol Service is next examined and compared with the other systems outlined, for the purposes of assessing the comprehensiveness of the local service and suggesting changes for its improvement. Contributions to classification theory and practice made by social work and related disciplines are evidenced throughout the enquiry. From the systems surveyed, it is apparent that certain features of administration and process are common to all effective classification programmes. Most of these could be incorporated, with appropriate modifications, into existing practice within the Provincial Gaol Service. The possibilities of this development are assessed in the concluding chapter. / Arts, Faculty of / Social Work, School of / Graduate

In the contemporary world, the fight against impunity has become a fundamental political claim, a social goal and a main concern for human rights movements. However, it is unclear how we can delimit this fight, what are its aims and, ultimately, the remedies it proposes to overcome impunity. The academic studies and human rights mechanisms referring to this issue are not sufficiently clarifying. They often lack clear theoretical distinctions and stable empirical observations. Moreover, in social discourses impunity is employed with extremely vague connotations. This research addresses this lacuna, offering a conceptualization and characterization of impunity from a socio-legal perspective. With this purpose in mind, this work develops an analysis of impunity through the study of a particular kind of criminality. The study of state crime provides a prolific perspective for the analysis of the phenomenon of impunity, allowing to visualize the constitution of different blockages against the autonomous operation of the criminal justice. Particularly, this research studies an event of enforced disappearance initiated at the siege of the Colombian Palace of Justice in 1985, through a reconstruction focused on the perspective of the victims using a combination of qualitative methods. This field work, alongside different explorations of the sociological, human rights and criminological state of art of impunity, provides a sociological reflection on the concept of impunity. In the end, taking into account the problematization of the concept and its uses in social discourses, this work proposes a conceptualization apt for overcoming the vagueness of the definition of impunity as well as allowing a delimitation of the fight against it, leaving space for possible innovations on the penal rationality and possibly reinforcing a human rights agenda, concerned with the escalation of repression through punishment and committed with the restoration of social links and the victims’ rights.

The focus of this thesis is to examine the relationship between gambling and crime in the Czech environment, where gambling is broadly available. Data about the individual gambling machines and tables together with the data about offenses in particular police districts were used in order to estimate the effect of gambling on crime. The final dataset observes 388 geographical units over the life span between April 2013 and December 2015. The study employs three estimation techniques the OLS, Poisson regression and Negative binomial regression to estimate the effect of gambling on crime. The main variable representing the size of gambling is the number of slot machines as these are the most broadly available type of gambling. The final estimated relationship between crime and slot machines is that one additional slot machine is associated with an increase in crime by 0.3-0.5% depending on the method and frequency. On the contrary, the effect of casino games, electromechanical roulettes, and dice devices on crime was found to be statistically insignificant. In addition, the study also analyses particular types of crimes, finding that gambling has an impact particularly on crimes that involve material benefits as opposed to the violent crimes. Moreover, it also conducts a what-if analysis demonstrating the estimated impact of reduction of gambling on the substantial drop of the number of offenses over the observed period was rather limited and account for 937 offenses.

The thesis contains three main Chapters in which the relationship between organised crime and corruption is studied from different perspectives. Chapter 2 presents a theoretical framework for analyzing the interactions between corruption and organized crime, together with the individual and combined effect of these phenomena on economic performance. We show how organized crime on its own reduces entrepreneurial activity, and how organized crime in conjunction with corruption may reduce such activity to a lesser or greater extent. Chapter 3 presents an empirical investigation into the impact of corruption on economic growth in the presence of organized criminal activities. Using a panel of 19 Italian regions for the period 1983-2009, the analysis reveals that corruption and organized crime have independent negative effects on growth, and that the effect of either is less severe when the other is also present. Chapter 4 presents a further empirical investigation which examines the determinants of organized crime and of common crime in a panel of Italian regions over the period 1983-2003. The analysis shows that both organized and common crimes respond symmetrically to certain drivers, but asymmetrically to others.

Le XIXe siècle a vu s’épanouir de nombreux discours autour du crime sanglant : alors que la médecine cherchait sur et dans les corps les symptômes d’un mal intériorisé, la littérature accueillit avec une admiration teintée d’effroi les figures de la violence, dans une rencontre des peurs archaïques, des traumatismes de l’Histoire (Révolution et Empire) et des nouvelles méthodes épistémologiques. Les étiologies scientifiques comme les romans forgèrent alors des types criminels, le mal se parant d’attributs et de caractéristiques qui placèrent le corps criminel au confluent de la singularité et du partage. Compris comme signe de reconnaissance, la violence se dota alors d’une signalétique propre fonctionnant à la fois comme principe d’exclusion et d’inclusion.Contemporain de telles représentations, Balzac compose une œuvre peuplée de meurtriers et d’assassins en tout genre attestant a minima l’enregistrement des préoccupations du temps. Cette thèse se propose ainsi d’étudier les personnages homicides du romancier à la lumière des théories et des fictions du crime de manière à en évaluer l’influence sur la poétique balzacienne. En effet, la comparaison des romans de l’auteur avec les corpus criminologiques et fictionnels de la première moitié du XIXe siècle vise à déterminer dans quelle mesure et suivant quelles modalités le corps homicide balzacien met en scène une culpabilité oscillant entre marginalisation et fédération. / The 19th century saw the flourishing of discourses on bloody crime : as doctors examining bodies inside out were looking for the symptoms of internalized evil, literature contemplated the violent characters with a fear-tinted admiration resulting from the convergence of ancient fears, historical traumas from the French Revolution and the Empire, and epistemological methods. Scientific etiology and novels gave birth to criminal types, and Evil took on attributes and features which defined the criminal body as both one of singularity and share. Violence became recognizable, thus developing characteristics of its own according to the principles of inclusion and exclusion. Balzac saw the developing of these representations, and his work is therefore teeming with criminals and assassins of all sorts who bear witness to the novelist’s acquaintance with the concerns of his time. In the light of the theories and fiction on crime, this thesis offers a study of the novelist's assassins in order to gauge their influence on Balzacian literature. Indeed, a comparison between a scientific and fictional syllabus of the first half of the 19th century shall help one determine how and to what extent the Balzacian criminal embodies a culpability wavering between marginality and association.