The purpose of this thesis is to present essays and letters in which Mark Twain discussed the art of writing or assumed the role of a literary critic.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the social criticism of Williams by careful analysis of six of his full length plays: The Glass Menagerie, A Streetcar Named Desire, Camino Real, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, Suddenly Last Summer, and The Night of the Iguana. After the analyses of the plays, the final chapter of this study will deal with the playwright's comments on specific aspects of the social order and will not be confined to the six major plays under consideration.

Pesquisa destinada a avaliar as notícias sobre arquitetura publicadas nos jornais da cidade de São Paulo: Folha de São Paulo, O Estado de São Paulo e Jornal da Tarde, foram separadas notícias, notas, artigos, resenhas, colunas, e entrevistas sobre arquitetura no período dos anos 2000, 2001 e 2002. Partindo-se do conceito de que pouca coisa é divulgada sobre o tema arquitetura e temas correlatos, tais como urbanismo e desenho industrial, foi feita essa pesquisa no sentido de verificar a procedência da hipótese, e possíveis causas e efeitos de uma eventual lacuna na informação dos jornais. Todos os artigos encontrados do período foram catalogados, cadastrados e analisados, e alguns foram comentados no desenvolvimento da dissertação. Procurando sempre o aspecto da crítica e análise da arquitetura, a maior parte das matérias foi selecionada dos cadernos culturais dos jornais; também se buscou compreender a capacidade que essas matérias têm em serem compreendidas pelo público leigo e informarem, de maneira a atrair o público leitor em geral para temas da arquitetura. Este foi o motivo por terem sido escolhidos veículos de comunicação de massa, e esta foi a principal idéia que motivou a pesquisa. / The objective of this research is to evaluate news published about architecture in the newspapers of the city of São Paulo: Folha de São Paulo, O Estado de São Paulo e Jornal da Tarde. News, articles, paragraphs, interviews etc about architecture were selected from the editions of these newspapers in the years 2000, 2001, and 2002. Based on the concept that very little is published on the subject of architecture and related themes, such as urbanism and industrial design, this research was undertaken in order to verify the accuracy of this hypothesis, and the possible causes and effects of this lack of information in these newspapers. All articles found during the period were catalogued, registered and analysed, and some were commented on during the development of the dissertation. Searching the critic and analyses aspects, most of the materials were taken from the cultural sections of the newspapers and the focus was on the way in which the theme of architecture is dealt with. The research also attempted to understand the capacity of these textual materials to be understood by the lay public (nonspecialised), and to inform, in such a way as to attract the lay reader to the theme of architecture in general. It was for this reason that mass communication vehicles were chosen, and this was the principal idea that motivated the research.

[pt] A dissertação parte do desejo de investigar a proposta da crítica da paz liberal de transcendência da lógica liberal nas operações de peacebuilding. Iniciar essa discussão demanda uma especulação sobre as articulações discursivas que permitiram a construção de uma interpretação de paz em torno de normas e princípios reconhecidos no discurso liberal, bem como de noções particulares de institucionalização, democratização e liberalização. A partir desta análise, a pesquisa volta-se para um estudo das narrativas críticas que denunciam a disseminação pelas Nações Unidas de uma receita para a paz baseada em valores hegemônicos e universalizantes, que culmina na construção, por meio das operações de peacebuilding, de uma ordem vazia de significado para a sociedade pós-conflito. Uma vez esclarecido os principais pontos da perspectiva crítica da paz liberal, examina-se a possibilidade de transcendência da paz liberal em prol de uma paz pós-liberal e procura-se demonstrar os paradoxos inerentes à proposta crítica da paz liberal. / [en] The dissertation begins with the desire to investigate the proposal of the critique of the liberal peace to transcend the liberal logic in peacebuilding operations. This discussion requires an analysis of the discursive practices that allowed the construction of an interpretation of peace around standards and principles recognized in liberal discourses, as well as particular notions of institutionalization, democratization and liberalization. From this analysis, the research turns to the study of critical narratives that denounces the dissemination by the United Nations of a recipe for peace based on hegemonic and universalizing values, culminating in the construction, through peacebuilding operations, of an order empty of meaning in post-conflict societies. Once clarified the main points of the critical perspective of the liberal peace, it examines the possibility of transcending the liberal peace in favor of a post-liberal peace and seeks to demonstrate the paradoxes inherent to the proposal offered by the critique of the liberal peace.

The famous Japanese critic, Kobayashi Hideo (1902–1983), passed through five broad stages up to 1945. In the first stage (1929–32), he sought to reinstate the claims of “the man,” the feeling, thinking human being, in writing, in place of the various literary dogmas adopted from the West: “Behind literature, see the man.” In the second stage, (1933–37), he attempted to define the “modern individual” in a Japanese society of change, anxiety and chaos, adopting the term the “socialized I” to explain his sense of a self integrated into society. In this period he sought a model in the West and found Dostoevsky. The impetus behind this stage can be summed up in the saying, “Behind the man, see society.” In Stage 3 (1938–39), Kobayashi concluded that the “silence” of Japanese people expressed a “wisdom” that accepted the “inevitable” or their “fate” in history. This stage can be summarized in the dictum “Behind society, see history.” Kobayashi’s key direction in stage four (1940–41) is “Behind history, see nature,” the latter term meaning nature (fused with humankind). In the fifth stage, from 1942 into the postwar period, Kobayashi adopted a Dostoevskian “harmony and serenity” in espousing a transcendence of the human realm, when the human organism in its greatest struggles sees the need for beauty in art. This stage can be summed up in the saying “Behind nature, see (that which inspires) beautiful literature.” The thesis charts these five stages with biographical material, some of it gleaned from interviews, and with analyses of Kobayashi’s works, as well as works by Dostoevsky, the alter-ego of Kobayashi from 1933–43. Kobayashi emerges as a figure who lived a complex series of intellectual and personal changes, in strong reaction to the revolutionary political and cultural transformations in prewar Japan. / PhD Doctorate

Although much has been written on the 1930s as a period of ferment and innovation in New Zealand’s literary culture, the immediate post-war period has remained largely unexamined. As an outcome, literary histories have tended to downplay the significance of the Centennial publications and overlooked the impact made by the literary-cultural periodical to the post-war literary economy. The formulation of a conversation within the pages of the journals and the associated creation of the culture-critic were central to the cultural nationalism of the period 1947-61. It is argued in this thesis that the ‘long fifties’, the years from the cessation of the Second World War through to the early sixties, were a discrete moment in New Zealand’s literary history. To understand the success of the journals as a form of intervention their founding needs to be traced not only to Phoenix and Tomorrow – journals of the thirties – but also to the programme of publishing that was part of the 1940 Centennial celebrations. Under the leadership of J. C. Beaglehole and E. H. McCormick, the Centennial publications contested the existing structures of cultural authority that lay with the amateur historian and the literary criticism of the ‘bookmen’. Beaglehole and McCormick professionalised the discourse of history writing and literary criticism through the introduction of academic practice, and, significantly, a rigorously critical engagement with the formation of national identity. Their critical engagement acted as an encouragement to the founding of the literary-cultural journal during the late 1940s: Landfall begun publishing in 1947 and Here & Now followed in 1949. This thesis argues, however, that alongside these two independent journals there needs to be placed the Listener under the editorship of M. H. Holcroft, and that these three publications created sites where the imaginative could sit next to the critical, and that this development was based on the belief that the absence of a critical undertaking would stunt the growth of the culture’s imaginative and creative undertaking. During the period 1947-61 the development of a specific form of intervention in the writing of the culture-critic can be detected. The culture-critics sought to actively engage the reading public in a conversation; therefore, they wrote for the periodicals in a style that was accessible but discriminating; they understood that they had a specific function within society. Furthermore, the primacy attached to the cultural authority of Brasch and Landfall is contested, and it is instead claimed that an exclusive focus on Landfall distorts the overall temper of the post-war years. Landfall was but one site where the developing national consciousness was published and assessed; it was a disputatious time.

[pt] A princípio não existe razão para considerar a filosofia de Nietzsche de um ponto de vista político, em virtude, sobretudo, de seus elogios à escravidão e a um individualismo estético que despreza o caráter mediador e humanitário da política moderna. Caberia, portanto, insistir na afirmação de que há uma dimensão política em sua crítica da cultura, mesmo após os mal-entendidos e acidentes que fizeram de Nietzsche um autor problemático para o pensamento político? Se sua crítica da cultura detecta na política moderna mais um sintoma do niilismo moderno, podese perceber também, nesta mesma crítica, uma dimensão política intrínseca, vinculada a outras possibilidades de cultivo e aperfeiçoamento da cultura e dos indivíduos. A preocupação com a constituição de uma cultura forte o suficiente para afirmar e projetar uma vida ativa e criadora é pano de fundo e princípio geral para qualquer avaliação da política em Nietzsche, tanto no que diz respeito à apreciação que ele faz da situação política de seu tempo quanto nas possibilidades de efetivação da Grande Política. / [en] At a first glance, there is no reason to consider the Nietzsche s philosophy in a political point of view, due mainly to his praises to slavery and aesthetic individualism, that disregards the mediating and humanitarian character of modern politics. Therefore would it insist on the claim that there is a political dimension to his critique of culture, even after the misunderstandings and accidents that made him an problematic author for political thought? If your critique of culture detects another symptom of modern nihilism, can also be noticed in this same criticism, a political dimension intrinsically linked to other possibilities of cultivation and improvement of culture and individuals? The concern with the creation of a culture strong enough to assert and project an active and creative life is the background for any evaluation of Nietzsche s political philosophy, both regards the assessment he makes of the political situation of his time as the possibilities of realization of his Great Politics.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:12:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 almeida_mr_me_prud.pdf: 1115035 bytes, checksum: 8f8c8fdba0227a80d3083e233c3d5091 (MD5) / Este trabalho se insere na Linha de Pesquisa: “Processos formativos, diferença e valores”. Ao longo desta dissertação, o nosso intuito foi argumentar em torno do predomínio da racionalidade científica em nossa cultura, a qual atinge a escola em seus diferentes níveis. Para sustentar esse argumento recorremos ao diagnóstico que os autores frankfurtianos fazem do poder que o conhecimento científico tem exercido sobre nós e o quanto ele determina nossa maneira de perceber e explicar a realidade que nos cerca, reduzido tudo ao cálculo dos conceitos e a perspectiva do resultado mais eficaz, mais produtivo. A escola e os espaços de formação de professores parecem não escapar a essa lógica, em que a formação foi reduzida a treinamento, à aquisição de competências e habilidades e à adaptação imediata às exigências da cultura contemporânea. O predomínio dessa racionalidade científica nos espaços de formação produziu o que Chauí denomina, metaforicamente, de morte do educador e da pedagogia como arte, visto que a formação foi reduzida à instrumentalização para o trabalho. Esta é uma pesquisa teórica em que buscamos pensar essa problemática a partir de alguns textos de Adorno e Horkheimer, entre eles destacamos “Dialética do Esclarecimento”, sobretudo, os capítulos “Indústria cultural: o esclarecimento como mistificação das massas”, “Elementos do antisemitismo: limites do esclarecimento”, além dos textos de Adorno sobre educação, publicados no Brasil com o título “Educação e Emancipação” e artigos de Max Horkheimer que estão no livro “Sociedad em transición: estudios de filosofia social”. Trabalhamos também com pesquisas que têm sido feitas sobre esses autores no Brasil e que são importantes para o aprofundamento do nosso tema... / This work inserts in Research Line: “Form processes, difference and values.” Along this dissertation, our intention was to argue around scientific rationality predominancy in our culture, in what attain the school in its different levels. To sustain this argument we sun over diagnosis that the frankfurtianos authors make of power that the scientific knowledge hás exercised about us and how it determines our way of perceiving and explaining the reality that surround ourselves, reduced all the concept calculations and the most effective and productive perspective result. The school and teacher form spaces seem not to escape this logic, in what the form was reduced in training, the ability competence acquisitions and immediate adaptation of contemporary culture requirements. The predominancy of this scientific rationality in the form spaces produced what Chauí denominates, metaphorically, of educational death and pedagogy as art, seen that form was reduced instrumentalisation to the work. This is a theorist research in what we search to think this problem apart from some texts of Adorment and Horkheimer, between them we detach “Explanation how masses,” “Elements of anti-semistic explanation limits,” hesides Adorment texts about education published in Brazil as the chapter “Education and Emancipation” and artiches of Max Horkheimer that are in the book “Sociedad em Transición: social philosophy studios.”... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)