The pamphleteers popularized the mythology of despotism by denouncing lettres de cachet and other supposed abuses of power that had little effect on most people. Historians like Funck-Brentano may be correct in arguing that the government was really moderate at this time, but it is important to show that radical propagandists were quite successful in convincing Frenchmen that thousands of innocent victims huddled miserably in <em >cachots for having inflamed the despotic passions of a minister. Moreover the prisons that were mythological for most Frenchmen had been terribly real for Brissot, Carra, Gorsas and many other writers, and this consideration also suggests the importance of the biographical approach. The Bastille may have been nearly empty, but it was a powerful symbol, effectively exploited by pamphleteers who dealt in symbols, declamation and distortions of political realities. They were highly successful in dominating public opinion, which exerted an influence on events that has been unappreciated in relation to the weak, irresolute rule of Louis XVI. The thesis attempts to develop this interprettion of the political importance of radical propaganda with reference to the scientific, financial and literary history of the period. It may seem weak on some ponts of these specialized fields, but it is hoped that it assimilates them successfully in its main attempt to contribute to an understanding of the last years of the Ancien Regime: its analysis of the character of radical propaganda in relation to the men who created it.

This diploma thesis reveals the processes of shaping the image of Emil František Burian, the theater director, composer, journalist and playwright in three key headings. The first heading explains the principles of self-presentation and choice of characteristic means to build its external image in the changing personal attitudes and social development in the 30th - 50 years of 20th century. The second heading shows the coordinates of cultural policy communist regime and monitors the construction of public image representative of official socialist culture. Both headings are mainly based on a detailed analysis of Burian's theater activity, broadcasting activities and articles in professional and social printing. The third heading of qualification work pays attention to creating individual memory of a systematic effort to build a "cult of personality" of E. F. Burian. Interpretation biography and memories of actors, directors, journalists and politicians attempts to profile the professional and private life of this artist.

This dissertation focuses on the status of women in Central Asian society, particularly in Kyrgyzstan, and the phenomena of the Kyrgyz family that is the central part of daily living of Kyrgyz people. We provide an introduction to the region, followed by an analysis of a social stratification of Kyrgyz society and a various types of families. The next chapter describes the three major historical periods and changes in women's position in the society. The first period spans up to 1917, its end marked by the Bolshevik coup. Until that time, The Kyrgyz society was nomadic, organized into tribes, clans, and large patriarchal families. The 1920's were tumultuous times for the Central Asian region, at that time newly dominated by the Soviet rule, undergoing industrialization, public education, experiencing improvements in health care, but on the other hand also confiscation, forced resettlement, and russification. New rights have been granted to women, however local patriarchal and feudal traditions persisted and continued in the local societies. After the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, Kyrgyz people started returning to their national traditions and discrimination against women started to be openly discussed in the society. Our historical retrospective analysis explores the major types of Kyrgyz...

Text in Afrikaans / Vanuit sekere kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodes, word literatuurstudie van Kwa Sizabantoe Sending gedoen (KSB). Die rede is om 'n gefundeerde antwoord te vind vir die verskille in opinies oor KSB. In Hoofstuk 1 word die probleem geskets en na die verslag van die Evangeiiese Atiiansie gekyk. Dan volg iniigting oor die navorser sowel as die werkswyses wat gevolg word. Hoofstuk 3 gee 'n samevatting van die geskiedenis van KSB en die Stegen-famiiie. Hoofstuk 4 behandel die unieke literatuurbronne waaroor die navorser beskik. Die Evangeiiese Alliansie beweer dat daar 'n misbruik van bonatuurlike geestelike ervarings op KSB is, Die gevolg is elitistiese en paternalistiese optredes. Dit gee aanleiding tot interne spanninge en probleme. Hierdie bewering word in bespreek in Hoofstukke 5 - 7 . Hoofstuk 8 gee opsomming en bespreking van die bevindinge. In Hoofstuk 9 word gepoog om 'n basisteorie te formuleer en om 'n oplossing voor te stel. / Using certain qualitative methods, a literature study is done on Kwa Siza Bantu Mission (KSB). The reason is to come to a conclusive answer to the difference in opinions with regards to KSB. Chapter 1 gives an overview of the problem as well as the result of the inquiry of the Evangelical Alliance into KSB. Information on the researcher as well as his research methods follow. Chapter 3 is a summery of the history of KSB and the Stegen family. In Chapter 4 a review is made of the unique literature. From Chapter 5 - 7 a statement of the Evangelical Alliance is discussed. The statement implies that the misuse of supernatural experiences, iead to paternalistic or elitistic methods resulting in tensions and divisions. Chapter 8 discusses the findings and Chapter 9 tries to formulate a base-theory and suggests some solutions to the problems of KSB, / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M.Th. (Practical Theology)

Summaries in German and English / This thesis is a missiological case study analysing the reasons for conversions to Islam and Christianity among Kyrgyz people in post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan. The Kyrgyz people have a rich religious heritage with a history of more than 2,200 years. The uprooting of religion and the atheistic indoctrination by the Soviet government created a religious vacuum after the breakdown of the Soviet Union and caused a revival of religious receptivity in the society. Renewed receptivity to religion in the newly established sovereign Kyrgyzstan was followed by a rise in religious activity of Muslims and Christians beginning in the late 20th century. In only 15 years the number of mosques rose from 39 to 1,600 and the number of professing Christians increased from a few dozen to more than 7,000. This change between 1990 and 2005 developed in three stages through religious instability, an increase in missionary activity and the posturing of religious ideology during the government’s democratization process. A research of individual conversions produced complex results. Muslims were more attune to traditional religious thinking than were Christians. Most Muslims committed themselves to Islam because of their ancestral heritage. The secularization of society facilitated the Kyrgyz to convert to Christianity and turn to Christ due to a crisis in personal identity. Among Christians, conversions were primarily affected by relatives and friends persuading them through testimony and example. Most Kyrgyz becoming Muslims were significantly influenced by their parents. Faith in the existence of God was the basic prerequisite for both Muslim and Christian commitment to their respective beliefs. For Muslims it meant to obey the commandments of Allah, but Christians were led to confession of sins and to conversion. Changes in lifestyles and mindsets Muslims traced back to the Islamic religious tradition. For Christians, lives were affected through a relationship to Jesus Christ. / Die vorliegende Thesis ist eine missiologische Fallstudie, die die Gruinde der Hinwendung der Kyrgyzen in der post-sovietischen Zeit zum Islam und Christentum untersucht. Die Kyrgyzen haben ein reiches religioses Erbe einer uber 2200 jahrigen Geschichte. Doch mit der religiosen, Entwurzelung und der atheistischen Indoktrination durch die Sovietregierung entwickelte sich nach dem Zusammenbruch der Sovietunion ein religioses ,Vakuum" und bewirkten ein Wiedererwachen der religiosen Rezeptivitat in der Gesellschaft. Aufgrund der neuen religiosen Rahmenbedingungen in dem seit 1991 souveranen Kyrgyzstan folgte vonseiten der Muslime und Christen ein starker Anstieg religioser Aktivitaten. In nur 15 Jahren stieg die Anzahl der registrierten Moscheen von 39 auf uber 1600 und die Anzahl der Christen im gleichen Zeitraum von ein paar Dutzend auf uber 7000. Diese Entwicklung verlief im Zeitraum von 1990 bis 2005 in drei Abschnitten und war gekennzeichnet von anfanglichen religiosen Aufbruchen, einer Zunahme missionarischer Aktivitaten und einer religiosen Positionierung im Demokratiesierungsprozess. Die Untersuchung der individuell erlebten Hinwendungen brachte vielschichtige Ergebnisse hervor. So war der farmiliare Hintergrund der Muslime im allgemeinen religioser als der der Christen. Die meisten Muslime bekannten sich aufgrund ihrer Abstammung zum Islam. Die Sakularisierung der Familien begunstigte die Hinwendung der Kyrgyzen zum Christentum, die sich vor allem aufgrund einer existenziellen Auseinandersetzung zu Jesus wandten. Bei Christen waren es vor allem Verwandte und Freunde, die mit Worten und Leben auf Jesus hinwiesen, bei Muslimen die Eltern. Sowohl bei Muslimen als auch Christen war der Glaube an die Exitenz Gottes die wesentliche Vorraussetzung, wobei dies die Muslime zur Befolgung der Gebote Allahs, Christen zur Sundenerkenntnis und einer Bekehrung bewegte. Eine Lebens- und Sinnesanderung fuhrten Muslime auf den Islam und Christen auf ihre Beziehung zu Jesus Christus zuruck. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)

Qualifying work has interdisciplinary charakter. This work is concentrate on knowledge of history and culture of age last members of Přemysl´s dynasty and the first members of Luxembourg´s dynasty. The primary aim of work is to identify the conditions under which there is courtly literature and minnesing on the courts of these rulers. Next aim is using the comparative method to define the basic topics in prose and poetry. The secondary aim is recognizing influence of German and Latin literature domestic and foreign on literature written in Czech. The work ?Minnesing and court literature at the court of last members of Přemysl's dynasty and the first members of Luxembourg's dynasty? deals with years 1283?1306 and 1310?1333 taking into account also past years.

The thesis analyzes and compares the approaches of two authors dealing with phenomena in contemporary society. It focuses mainly on issues of lifestyle and values. The thesis asks questions related to socialization and individualization of society. The thesis is divided into four parts. The first part is about definition of the basic terms (postmodernism, lifestyle, values). The second part is devoted to the concept of Gilles Lipovetsky. The third part focuses on the concept of Michel Maffesoli. In the fourth section, there is a comparison of these two concepts, where we are primarily focused on tracing argumentation clashes and controversies. In the final part, there is the presentation of the main questions and ideas, that come out on the basis of this comparison.

No description available.

Esta dissertação se propõe analisar a normatização da estrutura de poder das casas-matrizes iorubás, buscando elementos no complexo processo histórico do grupo iorubá no cenário afro-brasileiro e nas práticas do sistema político-social no continente africano. Este estudo objetivou apontar possíveis contornos entre o arcabouço que delineia a sociedade africana em seu sistema de governo e a construção dos ritos iniciáticos que possibilitaram a ordenação das casas de culto de tradição iorubá no Brasil. Para tanto, a observação das práticas iniciáticas nas casas-matrizes de tradição iorubá do Recife e de Salvador formatou o processo litúrgico que dá legitimidade às práticas que fundamentalizam a instância do poder dos sacerdotes afro-brasileiros, visto que inexiste esta função, com este contingenciamento de poder no conjunto sociorreligioso iorubá africano, fora do âmbito real. Neste contexto, a dinâmica da pesquisa identificou, também, possíveis laços de parentesco sagrado entre as duas casas de culto pesquisadas: egbá e ketu / The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the normalization of the power structure of the Yoruba parent homes, seeking elements in the complex historical process of the Yoruba group both in the African-Brazilian scenery and in the practices of the socio and political systems of Africa. The main focus of this study was to identify possible contours of the framework which delineates the African society in its governance and the construction of initiation rituals which allowed the ordination of houses of worship of traditional Yoruba in Brazil. Therefore, the observation of initiation practices in the parent homes of Yoruba tradition of Recife and Salvador formatted the liturgical process that gives legitimacy to practices which support the instance of the power of the African-Brazilian Yoruba priests, since this function does not exist with this curtailment of power in all socio religious African Yoruba setting outside the real. In this context, the dynamics of the research also identified possible sacred bonds of kinship between the two houses of worship investigated: Egba and Ketu

The paper aims at giving analytic picture of postmodern culture in its various demonstrations in mass society and in its influence upon man{\crq}s individuality and their lifestyle.The beginning of the paper deals with terminology and with description of the western culture development. The main part of the paper analyses (gradual compilation) main works of important authors with various views and approaches (G. Lipovetsky, M. Maffesoli, Z. Bauman). An interesting contribution to this topic represents futurological vision of A. and H. Tofflers spouses, who describe mankind development and creation of new forms of democracy. The last chapter deals with comparing the similarities and the differences between the works of the above mentioned authors.