The aim of this thesis is to answer whether a group of databases dedicated to selling books or a group of databases dedicated to lending books is more efficient. The measurements used to determine the efficiency of the two kinds of databases are Cumulated Gain and precision in modified versions. The inquiry has been conducted thus that the same 18 queries have been put forth to six databases and these results have consequently been judged according to relevance on a 4-graded scale by five respondents. The rankinglevels have then been merged to one average value per respondent and ranking. These values have then been used to determine CG/iCG/nCG and P@n per query, rank 1-10, per database and per group (the groups being STORE (BUTIK) and LIBRARY (BIBLIOTEK). To measure precision the relevance rankings were merged into binary values representing not relevant and relevant. These ones and zeros have then been used to judge precision per rank 1-10, per database and per group. The precision values regarding individual databases have been calculated for comparison against the average values of the entire groups BUTIK & BIBLIOTEK.No significant differences in efficiency between STORE and LIBRARY were observed at DCV=10 although differences were obvious at positions 1-10 and between individual databases. The method is unsuccessful in answering whether the purpose of a database is a factor in how well it performs in regards to efficiency / Program: Bibliotekarie

Modern classification of organisms is performed on molecular data. These methods rely on multiple alignment of sequences of characters which make them computationally demanding. Only small parts of genomes can be compared in reasonable time. In this paper, the novel algorithm based on conversion of the whole genome sequences to cumulative phase signals is presented. Dyadic wavelet transform is used for lossy compression of signals by redundant frequency bands elimination. Signal classification is then performed as a cluster analysis using Euclidian metrics where multiple alignment is replaced by dynamic time warping.

Cette thèse est le volet expérimental d’un projet de recherche qui vise à développer un code de calcul qui prédit finement la micro ségrégation des aciers présentant une réaction péritectique. La caractérisation expérimentale de la micro ségrégation a été menée grâce à des essais de solidification dirigée et des essais de trempe en cours de solidification dirigée ainsi que sur des échantillons de lingots industriels. Les alliages sélectionnés font partie des systèmes Fe-C-Ni et Fe-C-Cr. Nous avons d’abord étudié sur des aciers solidifiés l’effet de la composition chimique et l’effet du premier solide ferrite / austénite sur la micro ségrégation. Par la suite nous avons caractérisé la formation de la micro ségrégation avec et sans réaction péritectique. On a montré aussi les effets de la taille de la structure, de la microstructure (dendritique / cellulaire)et de la texture du grain sur la micro ségrégation (colonnaire / équiaxe) sur la micro ségrégation. Enfin, nous avons comparé les résultats expérimentaux avec les résultats de la modélisation. / This PhD work is an experimental part of a global R&D project witech aim to study the microsegregation in peritectic steels. The experimental investigations were made by a Directional Solidification device (DS), Quenched Directional Solidification (QDS) and from parts of industrials ingots. The alloys selected were taken from the Fe-C-Ni and Fe-C-Cr systems. On the solidified steels we investigate the effect of the chemical composition and the first solid (ferrite/austenite) on the microsegregation. The next step was the characterization of the microsegregation during the solidification with and without a peritectic reaction. Afterwards we study the effects of the length of the structure, the microstructure (dendritic/cellular) and the texture of the grains (columnar/equiaxed) on the microsegregation. At the end we have do a comparison bethween the experimental results and those from the numerical simulations

Les travaux de cette thèse sont axés sur le durcissement à la dose cumulée des circuits analogiques associés aux systèmes électroniques embarqués sur des véhicules spatiaux, satellites ou sondes. Ces types de circuits sont réputés pour être relativement sensibles à la dose cumulée, parfois dès quelques krad, souvent en raison de l’intégration d’éléments bipolaires. Les nouvelles technologies CMOS montrent par leur intégration de plus en plus poussée, un durcissement naturel à cette dose. L’approche de durcissement proposée ici, repose sur un durcissement par la conception d’une technologie commerciale « full CMOS » du fondeur ST Microelectronics, appelée HCMOS9A. Cette approche permet d’assurer la portabilité des méthodes de durcissement proposées d’une technologie à une autre et de rendre ainsi accessible les nouvelles technologies aux systèmes spatiaux. De plus, cette approche de durcissement permet de faire face aux coûts croissants de développement et d’accès aux technologies durcies. Une première technique de durcissement à la dose cumulée est appliquée à une tension de référence « full CMOS ». Elle ne fait intervenir ni jonction p-n parasites ni précautions delay out particulières mais la soustraction de deux tensions de seuil qui annulent leurs effets à la dose cumulée entre elles. Si les technologies commerciales avancées sont de plus en plus utilisées pour des applications spécialement durcies, ces dernières exhibent en contrepartie de plus grands offsets que les technologies bipolaires. Cela peut affecter les performances des systèmes. La seconde technique étudiée : l’auto zéro, est une solution efficace pour réduire les dérives complexes dues entre autres à la température, de l’offset d’entrée des amplificateurs opérationnels. Le but ici est de prouver que cette technique peut tout aussi bien contrebalancer les dérives de l’offset dues à la dose cumulée. / The purpose of this thesis work is to investigate circuit design techniques to improve the robustness to Total Ionizing Dose (TID) of analog circuits within electronic systems embedded in space probes, satellites and vehicles. Such circuits often contain bipolartransistor components which are quite sensitive to cumulated radiation dose. However highly integrated CMOS technology has been shown to exhibit better natural TDI hardening.The approach proposed here is a hardening by design using a full CMOS semiconductor technology commercially available from ST Microelectronics calledHCMOS9A. The proposed generic hardening design methods will be seen to be compatibleand applicable to other existing or future process technologies. Furthermore this approach addresses the issue of ever-increasing development cost and access to hardened technologies.The first TID hardening technique proposed is applied to a full-CMOS voltage reference. This technique does not involve p-n junctions nor any particular layout precaution but instead is based on the subtraction of two different threshold voltages which allows the cancellation of TDI effects. While the use of advanced commercial CMOS technologies for specific radiation hardened applications is becoming more common, these technologies suffer from larger inputoffs et voltage drift than their bipolar transistor counterparts, which can impact system performance. The second technique studied is that of auto-zeroing, which is an efficient method to reduce the complex offset voltage drift mechanisms of operational amplifiers due to temperature. The purpose here is to prove that this technique can also cancel input offset voltage drift due to TID.Index term : hardening, cumulated dose, CMOS technology, voltage reference,operational amplifier.

A busca pelo uso de energia renovável, bem como a mitigação dos impactos antropogênicos, desempenha importante papel no desenvolvimento da sociedade contemporânea. O uso de energia de origem renovável é uma possível solução para os problemas relacionados aos impactos ambientais, em especial, às alterações climáticas. Uma importante fonte de energia renovável é a biomassa oriunda de resíduos orgânicos que, após a digestão anaeróbia, resulta em um gás rico em metano, conhecido como biogás. Sob o ponto de vista de qualidade ambiental, o aproveitamento energético dos resíduos produzidos a partir do tratamento das águas residuárias domésticas pode minimizar os impactos ambientais à medida que permite a diminuição da carga orgânica descartada na água e no solo. Adicionalmente, também é possível mitigar os efeitos negativos de emissões de metano na atmosfera quando o biogás é utilizado na produção de energia por meio das células a combustível (CaC) do tipo óxido sólido (SOFC). Neste sentido, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o ciclo de vida da ETE, da unidade geradora de biogás, sua purificação e uso em CaCs, identificando o potencial de mitigação dos gases do efeito estufa e de aproveitamento energético do biogás. Dentre os principais resultados obtidos, a etapa construtiva, é a principal contribuinte da demanda acumulada de energia, participando com 55% da CED, enquanto a etapa de tratamento do esgoto, fase líquida, destaca-se na produção de emissões atmosféricas, cerca de 23.500 Kg CO2 eq por dia. O potencial de emissões dos gases de efeito estufa podem ser evitados, durante todo o ciclo, em cerca de 3.000 kg CO2 eq por dia. A energia total que pode ser aproveitada com o biogás gerado na ETE e usado em CaC, do tipo SOFC, é de cerca de 14.000 kWh/dia, o que pode suprir em 100% a demanda de eletricidade da fase de tratamento. Os resultados apresentados lançam um desafio e geram oportunidades para pesquisadores e planejadores de sistemas energéticos desenvolverem estratégias ambientalmente saudáveis para a utilização dos recursos renováveis. / The search for renewable energy use and mitigation of anthropogenic impacts play an important role in the development of contemporary society. The use of energy from renewable sources is a possible solution to the problems related to environmental impacts, in particular, climate change. An important renewable energy source is biomass deriving from organic waste, after the anaerobic digestion, resulting in a gas rich in methane, known as biogas. From the point of view environmental quality, energy recovery of waste generated from the treatment of domestic wastewater can minimize environmental impacts as it allows the reduction of organic load dropped in water and soil. Additionally, it is also possible to mitigate the negative effects of methane emissions in the atmosphere when the biogas is used in the production of energy through solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). In this sense, this study aimed at assessing the life cycle of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), the biogas-generating unit, its purification and fuel cells use by identifying the potential mitigation of greenhouse gases and energy use of biogas. Among the main results obtained, the constructive phase is the main contributor to the cumulative energy demand, accounting for 55% of the CED, while in the step of sewage treating its particularly important the production of atmospheric emissions, about 23,500 kg CO2eq per day. The potential for emissions of greenhouse gases can be avoided throughout the cycle, at around 3,000 kg CO2eq per day. The total energy that can be produced with the biogas generated in WWTP and burned in the SOFC is approximately 14,000 kWh/day, which can provide 100% of the power demand of the treatment phase. The results presented launch challenges and generate opportunities for researchers and energy systems planners to develop strategies for environmentally healthy use of renewable resources.

A busca pelo uso de energia renovável, bem como a mitigação dos impactos antropogênicos, desempenha importante papel no desenvolvimento da sociedade contemporânea. O uso de energia de origem renovável é uma possível solução para os problemas relacionados aos impactos ambientais, em especial, às alterações climáticas. Uma importante fonte de energia renovável é a biomassa oriunda de resíduos orgânicos que, após a digestão anaeróbia, resulta em um gás rico em metano, conhecido como biogás. Sob o ponto de vista de qualidade ambiental, o aproveitamento energético dos resíduos produzidos a partir do tratamento das águas residuárias domésticas pode minimizar os impactos ambientais à medida que permite a diminuição da carga orgânica descartada na água e no solo. Adicionalmente, também é possível mitigar os efeitos negativos de emissões de metano na atmosfera quando o biogás é utilizado na produção de energia por meio das células a combustível (CaC) do tipo óxido sólido (SOFC). Neste sentido, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o ciclo de vida da ETE, da unidade geradora de biogás, sua purificação e uso em CaCs, identificando o potencial de mitigação dos gases do efeito estufa e de aproveitamento energético do biogás. Dentre os principais resultados obtidos, a etapa construtiva, é a principal contribuinte da demanda acumulada de energia, participando com 55% da CED, enquanto a etapa de tratamento do esgoto, fase líquida, destaca-se na produção de emissões atmosféricas, cerca de 23.500 Kg CO2 eq por dia. O potencial de emissões dos gases de efeito estufa podem ser evitados, durante todo o ciclo, em cerca de 3.000 kg CO2 eq por dia. A energia total que pode ser aproveitada com o biogás gerado na ETE e usado em CaC, do tipo SOFC, é de cerca de 14.000 kWh/dia, o que pode suprir em 100% a demanda de eletricidade da fase de tratamento. Os resultados apresentados lançam um desafio e geram oportunidades para pesquisadores e planejadores de sistemas energéticos desenvolverem estratégias ambientalmente saudáveis para a utilização dos recursos renováveis. / The search for renewable energy use and mitigation of anthropogenic impacts play an important role in the development of contemporary society. The use of energy from renewable sources is a possible solution to the problems related to environmental impacts, in particular, climate change. An important renewable energy source is biomass deriving from organic waste, after the anaerobic digestion, resulting in a gas rich in methane, known as biogas. From the point of view environmental quality, energy recovery of waste generated from the treatment of domestic wastewater can minimize environmental impacts as it allows the reduction of organic load dropped in water and soil. Additionally, it is also possible to mitigate the negative effects of methane emissions in the atmosphere when the biogas is used in the production of energy through solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). In this sense, this study aimed at assessing the life cycle of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), the biogas-generating unit, its purification and fuel cells use by identifying the potential mitigation of greenhouse gases and energy use of biogas. Among the main results obtained, the constructive phase is the main contributor to the cumulative energy demand, accounting for 55% of the CED, while in the step of sewage treating its particularly important the production of atmospheric emissions, about 23,500 kg CO2eq per day. The potential for emissions of greenhouse gases can be avoided throughout the cycle, at around 3,000 kg CO2eq per day. The total energy that can be produced with the biogas generated in WWTP and burned in the SOFC is approximately 14,000 kWh/day, which can provide 100% of the power demand of the treatment phase. The results presented launch challenges and generate opportunities for researchers and energy systems planners to develop strategies for environmentally healthy use of renewable resources.

本研究主要探討股票股利宣告與公司股價間之關係，期間涵蓋自民國八十年至民國八十四年止，共五年期間，以台灣證券市場上市公司宣告股票股利事件為研究對象，計九十六個樣本，另再依股票股利率增加、不變或減少，分成三小組，做進一步研究。研究方法為，採SHARP市場模式估計應有之均衡報酬，再計算平均異常報酬AR與累積平均異常報酬CAR，分析董事會決議日前後二十日的股票異常報酬之變化情形，另再探討造成三組之間不同異常報酬反應程度的原因為何。 　　實證結果顯示： 　　一、股票股利宣告日當天有顯著之異常報酬存在，顯示此一宣告事件具有情報效果，但消息在宣告日前便已被洩漏。 　　二、台灣股票市場不具半強式效率，投資人可自已公開之資訊中賺得異常報酬。 　　三、股票股利率的變動將造成市場不同反應程度之異常報酬，具有不同之情報效果。股票股利率增加時，較支持AR大於零之情報內容。 　　四、影響事件日異常報酬之因素，以股票股利率與由營運而來的現金流量較顯著。 　　五、股票股利率增加時在宣告日有正的顯著異常報酬，主要影響因素為股票股利率，影響方向為正，次要影響因素為由營運而來之現金流量，影響方向為負。股票股利率不變時，雖有正的異常報酬，但並不顯著，主要影響因素為由營運而來之現金流量，影響方向為負。股票股利率減少時，宣告日異常報酬由正轉負，主要影響因素為股票股利率，影響方向為正。

This work is dedicated to dynamic time warping in biosignal processing, especially it´s application for ECG signals. On the beginning the theoretical notes about cardiography are summarized. Then, the DTW analysis follows along with conditions and demands assessments for it’s successful application. Next, several variants and application possibilities are described. The practical part covers the design of this method, the outputs comprehension, settings optimization and realization of methods related with DTW