What is queer? What is queer? What is queer theory? Where can it go from here? This thesis sets out to explore the origins and influences of queer theory before investigating the present and the future spaces (ie, bodies and settlements) it can potentially move into. Three distinct experiments of fieldwork and ethnographic filmmaking test the truths and potentialities of queer theory when relating to queer bodies and settlements. That is to say that each chapter balances a film and its supporting text by embracing the value and urgency of practice led research. The first chapter questions queer history and details the importance of emerging trans politics in the post-gender, leftist, avant-garde, queer activist and militant space of Bologna. Queer bodies, case one: transgender and transsexual perspectives. Settlements, case one: Bologna and Lido di Classe (Italy). The second chapter considers the interface between disability theory and queer theory with particular attention paid to the practical theory of ‘curative education’. Defined by Rudolf Steiner in 1922 and further developed by Karl König with the foundation of the Camphill movement in 1944, curative education privileges the social model over the medical model in the field of disability so that disability is in fact ability. Queer bodies, case two: learning differences and disabilities perspectives. Settlements, case two: Berlin (Germany), Chatou and La Rochelle (France), Barry and Glasallt Fawr (Wales, United Kingdom). The third chapter uses queer perspectives to promote the relevance of quantum physics to the human body, thus involving contemporary dance, physical theatre and the arts more generally to address and redress the chiasm between science and technology on the one hand, and arts, humanities and socio-cultural sciences on the other. Queer bodies, case three: the inescapably queer reality of the physical world. Settlements, case three: multiple locations in Tuscany (Italy), and Thamesmead, London (England, United Kingdom). This thesis brings notions of queer and otherness deceptively close to notions of the self. Otherness and queerness become mirrors in which our own queerness comes into view.

Šiuo metu vis didesnio dėmesio susilaukia, ne tik poilsiniai, bet ir gydomosios paskirties šalies kurortai, galintys pasiūlyti gydymą bei reabilitaciją. Darbe apžvelgiama gydomojo turizmo struktūra ir teikiamos paslaugos Lietuvoje. Šiuo metu didelio turistų dėmesio susilaukia Birštono kurortas, kuris pasižymi švelniu klimatu, gražia gamta bei teikiamomis sveikatingumo paslaugomis. Taigi tyrimu siekiama išsiaiškinti, kodėl turizmo vartotojai pasirenka būtent šį kurortą. Šiame darbe analizuojami turisto elgsenos veiksniai labiausiai įtakojantys turisto pasirinkimą kur keliauti. Svarbiausias veiksnys įtakojantys turistą yra motyvacija. Taigi darbe, pagal mokslininkų pateiktas keliavimo motyvų kategorijas, identifikuoti ir pateikti pagrindiniai motyvai, dėl kurių turistai pasirenka gydomojo turizmo rūšį Birštone. Raktiniai žodžiai: motyvai, turistų tipai, poreikiai, gydomasis turizmas. Darbo objektas: turistų motyvai, renkantis gydomąjį turizmą. Probleminis klausimas – kokie motyvai įtakoja turistus renkantis gydomąjį turizmą? Darbo tikslas – nustatyti turistų motyvus renkantis gydomąjį turizmą Birštono kurorte. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Atskleisti turisto poreikių, keliavimo motyvų ir tipo teorines sampratas; 2. Apžvelgti gydomojo turizmo struktūrą ir teikiamas paslaugas; 3. Identifikuoti turistų motyvus renkantis gydomąjį turizmą Birštono kurorte. Svarbiausi rezultatai ir išvados: atlikus teorinę analizę ir tyrimą išsiaiškinta, kad turisto pasirinkimą kur keliauti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / -.

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The Warsaw Loss and Damage Mechanism holds high appeal for complementing actions on climate change adaptation and mitigation, and for delivering needed support for tackling intolerable climate related-risks that will neither be addressed by mitigation nor by adaptation. Yet, negotiations under the UNFCCC are caught between demands for climate justice, understood as compensation, for increases in extreme and slow-onset event risk, and the reluctance of other parties to consider Loss and Damage outside of an adaptation framework. Working towards a jointly acceptable positionwe suggest an actionableway forward for the deliberations may be based on aligning comprehensive climate risk analytics with distributive and compensatory justice considerations. Our proposed framework involves in a shortmedium term, needs-based perspective support for climate risk management beyond countries ability to absorb risk. In a medium-longer term, liability-based perspective we particularly suggest to consider liabilities attributable to anthropogenic climate change and associated impacts. We develop the framework based on principles of need and liability, and identify the policy space for Loss and Damage as composed of curative and transformativemeasures. Transformativemeasures, such as managed retreat, have already received attention in discussions on comprehensive climate risk management. Curative action is less clearly defined, and more contested. Among others, support for a climate displacement facility could qualify here. For both sets of measures, risk financing (such as "climate insurance") emerges as an entry point for further policy action, as it holds potential for both risk management as well as compensation functions. To quantify the Loss and Damage space for specific countries, we suggest as one option to build on a risk layering approach that segments risk and risk interventions according to risk tolerance. An application to fiscal risks in Bangladesh and at the global scale provides an estimate of countries' financial support needs for dealing with intolerable layers of flood risk.With many aspects of Loss and Damage being of immaterial nature, we finally suggest that our broad risk and justice approach in principle can also see application to issues such as migration and preservation of cultural heritage.

Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-31T17:23:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Thamiza Carla Costa dos Santos - 2016.pdf: 1439728 bytes, checksum: 19a51f9a39cdb7d376515edd24484335 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-04-03T12:02:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Thamiza Carla Costa dos Santos - 2016.pdf: 1439728 bytes, checksum: 19a51f9a39cdb7d376515edd24484335 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-03T12:02:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Thamiza Carla Costa dos Santos - 2016.pdf: 1439728 bytes, checksum: 19a51f9a39cdb7d376515edd24484335 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The healing is a complex and dynamic event aimed at the restoration of tissue integrity. However, some factors, such as diabetes, can harm this physiological event. Chitosan, a derivative of chitin, has been considered as a versatile and effective option for the treatment of wounds. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of chitosan 2% gel and chitosan spray based on secondary intention healing of skin wounds in diabetic rats. 54 rats were used, divided randomly into three groups: control group (CG), chitosan 2% gel group (GG), and Chitosan spray group (GS) with 18 animals each. The rats in GC, GG, and GS had their wounds treated daily with saline solution 0.9%, chitosan 2% gel, and chitosan spray, respectively. The groups were divided into three subgroups (n = 6) according to the times of histological analysis of wound (third, seventh, and 14th day). The induction of diabetes in the rats took place by intraperitoneal application of alloxan (120 mg/kg). After confirming the state of diabetes, the animals were anesthetized and the wounds made with the aid of a punch 9.0mm in the dorsal region. Macroscopic and microscopic analyzes were performed. Macroscopic analysis showed that after 14 days, the chitosan 2% gel and chitosan spray gave a contraction rate of 100% and 99%, respectively. At the histological level, there was the anticipated recruitment of mononuclear cells, fibroblasia, and deposition of dense fibrovascular tissue and marked fibrosis in the wounds of GG and GS, emphasizing the ability of this biopolymer to optimize the healing of diabetics. It can therefore be a therapeutic option for the development of other formulations that provide wound repair in diabetic patients. / A cicatrização é um evento complexo e dinâmico que visa a restauração da integridade tecidual. No entanto, alguns fatores, como o diabetes, podem prejudicar este evento fisiológico. A quitosana, um derivado da quitina, tem sido cogitada como uma opção versátil e eficaz para o tratamento de feridas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar o efeito do gel de quitosana a 2% e spray à base de quitosana na cicatrização por segunda intenção de feridas cutâneas em ratas diabéticas. Foram utilizadas 54 ratas, divididas, aleatoriamente, em três grupos: grupo controle (GC) grupo gel de quitosana a 2% (GG) e grupo spray de quitosan (GS) com 18 animais, cada. As ratas dos grupos GC, GG e GS tiveram suas feridas tratadas diariamente com solução fisiológica 0,9%, gel de quitosana a 2% e spray à base de quitosana, respectivamente. Os grupos foram subdivididos em três subgrupos (n=6) conforme os tempos de análise histológica da ferida (terceiro, sétimo e 14º dia). A indução do diabetes mellitus, nas ratas, ocorreu por meio da aplicação intraperitoneal da aloxana (120mg/kg). Após a confirmação do estado de diabetes, os animais foram anestesiados e as feridas confeccionadas com auxílio de um punch de 9,0mm na região dorsal. Foram realizadas análises macroscópicas e microscópicas. As análises macroscópicas mostraram que ao 14º dia, o gel de quitosana 2% e o spray de quitosana proporcionaram uma taxa de contração de 100% e 99%, respectivamente. A nível histológico, observou-se o recrutamento antecipado de células mononucleares, fibroblasia e deposição de tecido fibrovascular denso acentuados e fibrose nas feridas dos GG e GS, enfatizando a capacidade deste biopolímero em otimizar a cicatrização de diabéticos. Podendo, portanto, ser uma opção terapêutica como também a base para o desenvolvimento de outras formulações que proporcionem a reparação de feridas em pacientes diabéticos.

The purpose of this essay is to examine how professional conditions relate to the work with students who display neuropsychiatric difficulties in school. Furthermore, the authors of this essay wish to provide insight of which possibilities and limitations professionals experience in their joint work with students who display neuropsychiatric difficulties. The empirical material for the essay draws upon a qualitative method in the form of semi structured interviews with professionals who are in daily contact with students with neuropsychiatric difficulties. The empirical material has been analyzed with the help of previous related research together with the concepts of collaboration theory and acting according to Lipsky´s theory of street-level bureaucracy. The results show that the professionals ability to act in cases of students who display neuropsychiatric difficulties is affected by various forms of collaboration. The essay also suggests there are no considerable differences in task-design and in supporting a student with neuropsychiatric diagnosis compared to a student who only display similar symptoms and behavior. However, an established diagnosis might be favorable and can facilitate better conditions to act in situations concerning students with neuropsychiatric difficulties.

Bakgrund: Vården och dess behandling av ett sjukdomstillstånd har antingen en kurativ eller palliativ inriktning. Att övergå från kurativ till palliativ vård kan innebära ett lidande för patienten i form av oro och ångest. Sjuksköterskor utgör en viktig roll i att kunna stödja både patienten och anhöriga. Eftersom utgångspunkten är patienten och dennes livssituation innebär det att de anhöriga också måste tas i beaktning. Syfte: Att belysa sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda patienter som övergår från kurativ till palliativ vård. Metod: En kvalitativ litteraturöversikt baserad på tio vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Tre huvudteman och sju subteman identifierades. Huvudteman består av: stödja patienten i övergången, kunna tillgodose anhörigas behov, samt en komplex och utmanande roll. Subteman består av: hantera reaktioner, hjälpa för att uppnå acceptans och bevara livskvalitet och hopp, informera anhöriga, stödja anhöriga, uppleva arbetet som meningsfullt, att påverkas emotionellt och behov av erfarenhet. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskor har en komplex roll med utmanande uppgifter vid övergången från kurativ till palliativ vård. Erfarenhet och kunskap spelar en viktig roll för sjuksköterskor för att kunna hantera de utmaningar som ställs vid övergången till palliativ vård. / Background: The care and treatment of a disease has either a curative or palliative focus. Moving from curative to palliative care may include suffering for the patient in the form of worry and anxiety. Nurses often play an important role in supporting both the patient and their family. In this study, the outset is the patient and their life situation, i.e., the family also must be taken care of. Nurses find it difficult to manage patient's various reactions and emotions when undergoing the transition to palliative care. Purpose: To highlight nurses' experiences of caring for patients undergoing transitions from curative to palliative care. Methodology: A literature review based on ten qualitative articles. Result: Three main themes and seven sub-themes have been identified. The main themes consist of: supporting the patient thru the transition, meeting the needs of the family, as well as a complex and challenging role. The sub-themes comprise: managing reactions, helping to achieve acceptance and preserving quality of life and hope, giving information to relatives, giving support to relatives, experiences of a meningful role, to be emotionally affected and the need for experience. Conclusion: Nurses play a comlex role with challenging tasks in the transition from curative to palliative care. Experience and knowledge play an important role for nurses in dealing with the challanges posed by this transition.

Bakgrund: En cancerdiagnos kan innebära chockartade känslor, vilket kan lämna patienten i en sårbar situation. Patienter med cancer kräver ofta palliativ vård. Det är som sjuksköterska viktigt att bli medveten om hur den här patientgruppen upplever sjukdomen i slutskedet, för att på så sätt kunna ge vård som lindrar lidande och utgår från patientens behov. Syfte: Beskriva hur patienter med cancer upplever övergången från kurativ till palliativ vård. Metod: Litteraturstudie baserad på tio vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Utveckling av kategorischeman enligt Polit & Beck (2014). Resultat: Resultatet visade att övergången från kurativ till palliativ vård medförde starka känslor men också lättnad. Olika copingstrategier användes för att hantera övergången. Resultatet visade även att familjens stöd var av betydelse. Flertalet patienter upplevde att palliativ vård var en trygghet som gjorde den sista tiden hanterbar. Konklusion: Övergången från kurativ till palliativ vård skapade blandade känslor hos patienterna. Patienterna upplevde ångest och rädsla vid slutskedet, men döden kunde även ses som en möjlighet att göra upp med sitt förflutna. / Background: A cancer diagnosis can lead to chock and make the patient feel vulnerable. Patients with cancer often require palliative care. As a nurse it is important to become aware of how this group of patients experience their disease in the final stage, to be able to provide care that can ease suffering and is based on the patient´s needs. Aim: To describe how patients with cancer experience the transition from curative to palliative care. Method: A literature review based on ten scientific articles with qualitative method. Category schemes were developed according to Polit & Beck (2014). Results: The result showed that the transition from curative to palliative care involved deep feelings but also relief. Coping strategies were used to manage the transition. The result also showed that support from the family was important. Several patients experienced the palliative care as a security that made the final stage manageable. Conclusion: The transition from curative to palliative care lead to various feelings among the patients. The patients experienced anxiety and fear at the final stage, but death could also be seen as a possibility to settle with the past.

The purpose of this essay is to study seven different school counsellors’ way of working and collaborating with students with an ADHD diagnosis. The informants we met come from different high schools in southern Sweden. The study is based on a qualitative approach and the primary knowledge was established through semi-structured interviews. The secondary knowledge is accounted for the form of previous research and theories. The collected material has been analysed based on important concepts about interaction theory, as well as the concept of discretion based on Lipsky's theory of street-level bureaucracy. Our results show that there is not a consistent way to work with students who have ADHD. Furthermore, the results show that collaboration is desirable but difficult to achieve with these students. The counsellors’ working methods and use of discretion were taken into consideration in the analysis. Also shown are positive and negative aspects of collaboration, both in the school and also outside organizations.

Brucella abortus (BA) are gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacteria that cause abortions in cattle and debilitating illness in humans. The US is now virtually free of bovine brucellosis, but the disease is endemic in wildlife. The official brucellosis vaccine in the US is strain RB51 (RB51). It elicits protective cell-mediated immunity (CMI) against BA infections. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes paratuberculosis in ruminants. It is a slow growing intracellular parasite that requires CMI for its control, belongs to the genus Mycobacterium, and is closely related to M. avium avium (MA). Using RB51 as a vector that induces strong protective CMI may be useful to protect against MAP if it expresses MAP protective antigens. Therefore, MAP 85A and 35kDa proteins were expressed at low levels in RB51, and the immune responses elicited by these vaccines in BALB/c mice were evaluated. Strong anti-Brucella immunity was generated, but the anti-mycobacterial response was low. To evaluate protective efficacy, a BALB/c model using MA was developed. When mice were challenged with MA, protection was obtained in some experiments but was inconsistent. This may be due to the low expression of MAP antigens in RB51. Another objective was to evaluate the effect of an ongoing Brucella-infection on the efficacy of RB51 vaccination, and whether vaccination of already infected animals could have a curative effect. Mice acutely or chronically infected with virulent BA, rapidly cleared the RB51 vaccine organisms, but there was no significant decrease in the number of virulent BA. Brucella spp. have been developed as biological weapons, but there are no vaccines to protect humans. The development of a very attenuated protective vaccine is necessary to prevent human infections, as well as to protect wildlife. To generate such a vaccine, RB51 based vaccines were irradiated to render them non-replicative, but metabolically active. We demonstrated that in general, irradiated and non-irradiated RB51 vaccines remain protective at levels similar to those elicited by the live vaccines. Therefore, irradiation of strain RB51 is an effective means of attenuating the strain without affecting its protective characteristics, and could eventually be used as a vaccine for wildlife and humans. / Ph. D.