<p>Den här högskoleavhandlingen beskriver designen av ett IF-filter samt hårdvarukonstruktion av en ny 77 GHz FMCW-radar demonstrator. Syftet med demonstratorn är att illustrera hur kisel germanium-, SiGe, teknologi kan användas istället för den mer vedertagna men dyrare gallium arsenik-, GaAs, teknologin. Den gamla radar-prototypen vilken Acreo AB utvecklat är funktionell men behöver konstrueras om för att bättre kunna utvärdera radarprestandan. I avhandlingen presenteras grundläggande radarteori och ekvationer för att underlätta förståelsen av de olika systemblocken. Rapporten beskriver också systemarkitekturen och hur dess funktionalitet kommer att testas. Det omdesignade IF-filtret har simulerats i en PSpice-simulator och ett prototypkort av detta har tillverkats för mätningar. Ett 4-lagers kretskort av hela systemet har tagits fram i Orcad Layout. Slutligen innehåller rapporten förslag på förbättringar till nästa demonstratorversion.</p> / <p>This bachelor thesis describes the design of an IF-filter and the hardware construction of a new version of a 77 GHz FMCW-radar demonstrator. The purpose of the demonstrator is to illustrate how the silicon germanium-, SiGe, technology could be used instead of the more conventional but also much more expensive gallium arsenide-, GaAs, technology. The old radar prototype that Acreo AB has developed is fully functional but needs to be redesigned to be able to evaluate the radar performance in a better way. The thesis presents the basic radar theory and equations to help understanding the construction of the system blocks. The report also describes the system architecture and how its functionality should be tested. The redesigned IF-filter has been simulated in a PSpice simulator and a prototype has been manufactured and measured. A 4-layer PCB-board of the whole system was done in Orcad Layout. Finally the report is concluded with suggestions on improvements for the next demonstrator version.</p>

Graduation date: 2006 / The design of a 10-bit pipelined charge redistribution DAC employing MOSCAPs biased in their accumulation mode is presented in this thesis. A switched capacitor filter and output buffer have also been designed for the system. The effect of MOSCAP nonlinearity on the performance of the pipelined charge redistribution DAC has been analyzed. MOS capacitors and their models available for simulation have been discussed. In addition, the effect of more general capacitor nonlinearities on the performance of the DAC has been presented.

A 4 bit, Rom-Less Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer (DDFS) is designed in 65nm CMOS technology. Interleaving with Return-to-Zero (RTZ) technique is used to increase the output bandwidth and synthesized frequencies. The performance of the designed synthesizer is evaluated using Cadence Virtuoso design tool. With 3.2 GHz sampling frequency, the DDFS achieves the spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of 60 dB to 58 dB for synthesized frequencies between 200 MHz to 1.6 GHz. With 6.4 GHz sampling frequency, the synthesizer achieves the SFDR of 46 dB to 40 dB for synthesized frequencies between 400 MHz to 3.2 GHz. The power consumption is 80 mW for the designed mixed-signal blocks.

Den här högskoleavhandlingen beskriver designen av ett IF-filter samt hårdvarukonstruktion av en ny 77 GHz FMCW-radar demonstrator. Syftet med demonstratorn är att illustrera hur kisel germanium-, SiGe, teknologi kan användas istället för den mer vedertagna men dyrare gallium arsenik-, GaAs, teknologin. Den gamla radar-prototypen vilken Acreo AB utvecklat är funktionell men behöver konstrueras om för att bättre kunna utvärdera radarprestandan. I avhandlingen presenteras grundläggande radarteori och ekvationer för att underlätta förståelsen av de olika systemblocken. Rapporten beskriver också systemarkitekturen och hur dess funktionalitet kommer att testas. Det omdesignade IF-filtret har simulerats i en PSpice-simulator och ett prototypkort av detta har tillverkats för mätningar. Ett 4-lagers kretskort av hela systemet har tagits fram i Orcad Layout. Slutligen innehåller rapporten förslag på förbättringar till nästa demonstratorversion. / This bachelor thesis describes the design of an IF-filter and the hardware construction of a new version of a 77 GHz FMCW-radar demonstrator. The purpose of the demonstrator is to illustrate how the silicon germanium-, SiGe, technology could be used instead of the more conventional but also much more expensive gallium arsenide-, GaAs, technology. The old radar prototype that Acreo AB has developed is fully functional but needs to be redesigned to be able to evaluate the radar performance in a better way. The thesis presents the basic radar theory and equations to help understanding the construction of the system blocks. The report also describes the system architecture and how its functionality should be tested. The redesigned IF-filter has been simulated in a PSpice simulator and a prototype has been manufactured and measured. A 4-layer PCB-board of the whole system was done in Orcad Layout. Finally the report is concluded with suggestions on improvements for the next demonstrator version.

The dissertation investigates the issues of analyzing a digital Sigma-Delta digital-to-analog converter (DAC) for audio power amplifiers. The main objects of research include a digital Sigma-Delta audio power DAC, improvement of its structure and an experimental research. The primary purpose of the dissertation is to suggest methods for improvement the structure of digital Sigma-Delta audio power DAC interpolator and the converter analysis. / Disertacijoje nagrinėjami Sigma-Delta skaitmeniniai-analoginiai (skaičiaus-analogo, SA) keitikliai garso galios stiprintuvams. Pagrindinis tyrimų objektas – skaitmeninis Sigma-Delta garso galios SA keitiklis, jo sandaros tobulinamas bei eksperimentinis tyrimas. Disertacijos tikslas – pasiūlyti skaitmeninio Sigma-Delta garso galios SA keitiklio interpoliatoriaus struktūros tobulinimo bei keitiklio tyrimo metodus.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze the BEPS measures for the digital economy in connection with the relevant measures related to this sector of the economy. The first part of the thesis characterizes the digital sector and its key business models. The main risks in the field of direct and indirect taxation are described below. The second part of the thesis analyzes the BEPS special measures related to the digital economy sector as well as other measures related to the digital economy. The third part of the thesis describes measures for the digital sector within the framework of the Anti-BEPS initiative, which took place in the European Union. Describes measures under the ATAD Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive in three new areas not addressed by the BEPS project. This section also addresses the measures contained in the DAC Administrative Cooperation Directive and the EU Action Plan for Fair and Efficient Taxation of Corporate Income. The last chapter deals with the analysis of proposed solutions from the point of view of the Czech Republic. It models specific measures within a permanent establishment and withholding tax on the digital economy sector in the Czech Republic, specifically on the field of web hosting. The goal is to quantify the possible impact on tax collection from transactions falling within the web hosting business model.

La détermination du partage des éléments sidérophiles et volatils entre métal et silicates aux conditions du manteau profond de la Terre primitive peut fournir des contraintes relatives au mécanisme de formation du noyau terrestre. Des expériences ont été réalisées dans des cellules à enclumes de diamant (DAC) chauffées par laser afin d'étudier l'évolution du partage métal-silicate du soufre et du platine à haute température et haute pression. Le partage est déterminé grâce à la mesure sur échantillons trempés des concentrations par NanoSIMS et sonde électronique. L’affinité du soufre avec le métal, mesurée aux conditions de formation du noyau terrestre, est moins grande qu’attendue. En accord avec les observables cosmochimiques (météorites), il semble que la quantité de soufre dans le noyau ne peut excéder 2 poids%. Les modèles d’accrétion de la Terre, combinés à nos mesures du coefficient de partage du soufre en fonction de la pression et la température, indiquent que la concentration globale de soufre du manteau terrestre doit être le résultat d'une accrétion hétérogène. Ces données indiquent également un apport tardif des éléments volatils au cours de l’accrétion et de la formation du noyau. Les valeurs de partage du platine suggèrent que son abondance dans le manteau terrestre peut être expliquée simplement par la formation du noyau. De manière générale, ces résultats supportent les hypothèses selon lesquelles les noyaux des gros impacteurs n’ont pas pu s’équilibrer entièrement avec le manteau terrestre. Certaines fractions métalliques ont donc pu atteindre le noyau terrestre sans affecter le manteau. L’hypothèse d’un évènement tardif de ségrégation de sulfure durant la formation de la terre pourrait aussi expliquer les compositions du manteau terrestre observées. Ces résultats permettent de caractériser les processus de différenciation du manteau et du noyau et de mieux comprendre la formation de la Terre. / Measurements of the metal-silicate partitioning behavior of siderophile and volatile elements at the conditions of the deep primitive Earth can provide constraints on the mechanisms of terrestrial core formation. Experiments were conducted in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell to investigate the metal-silicate partitioning of sulfur and platinum at high pressures and temperatures. The partitioning behaviors were quantified post-experiment by high resolution NanoSIMS imaging. Sulfur was found to be moderately siderophile at core formation conditions and this, together with cosmochemical estimates, argue that it cannot be a major light element in the core. Accretion modeling with this new partitioning data implies that a heterogeneous accretion scenario can best explain the mantle and bulk Earth sulfur contents. The measured partitioning values for platinum are such that the mantle's platinum abundance can be sufficiently explained by core-mantle equilibration. Overall these results support the hypothesis that the cores of large impactors did not equilibrate fully with the magma ocean and metal could have sequestered to the Earth's core without leaving a record in the mantle. A late sulfide segregation event also likely played a role in establishing the observed mantle compositions. These findings help to further elucidate the accretion history of the Earth and core-mantle differentiation processes.

Tato diplomová práce si klade za cíl seznámit čtenáře se základním konceptem a principy jednosmyčkových modulátorů . Diplomová práce ozřejmuje čtenáři problematiku delta-sigma () modulátorů s jednou zpětnovazební smyčkou. Zabývá se základními principy převzorkování u číslicově-analogových převodníků a rozšiřuje je o teorii tvarování spektra šumu. Vycházeje z této teorie jsou navrženy tři jednosmyčkové modulátory, které běží na 1024 OSR jako alternativa k běžně používáným modulátorům vysokých řádů. Modulátory jsou implementovány do FPGA společně s rekonstrukčním filtrem a podpůrnými bloky. Nakonec byl zkonstruován hardwarový prototyp pro vyhodnocení implementace navrženého DAC.

This work deal with simulation of basic structure of OFDM modulator and demodulator of the upcoming standard 5G NR. In MATLAB are simulated basic parts including modulation, reference signal inserting, Fourier transform, cyclic prefix inserting, AWGN and multi-path propagation. In this work is proposed implementation of the modulator and demodulator into RFSoC board and his configuration. Designed generator is implemented with the use of STEMLab RedPitaya platform. In Matlab software is generated 5G OFDM signal used to transmitt. Received signal is evaluated in Matlab software.

This work is engaged in access control mechanism in GNU/Linux operating systems. At first discretionary and mandatory access control are compared and examine basic technologies based on mandatory access control. More closely is focused on project SELinux, whose generation of new rules is explained. Within the thesis is made application for logging evaluation and for writing new Type Enforcement rules.