This thesis is about the rights and liabilities arising under English and Chinese law in respect of the carriage of dangerous cargo. It is noted that the danger in dangerous cargoes was not necessarily something in the goods themselves, but might well lie in the way they were packaged, looked after or transported. Accordingly, the responsibilities and liabilities of the various parties with regards to the carriage of dangerous cargoes are usually intertwined and complex. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse and evaluate the dangerous cargoes liabilities in English and Chinese law, by providing suggestions for existing problems in each country based on three sources: contract, tort and statute. Moreover, the chain of causation and concept of remoteness has particular importance in order to establish liability and decide which type and what amount of damage is recoverable. This thesis compares both countries’ liability regimes and how to secure compensation for its victims, and the restoration of the environment, with reference to the EU Environmental Liability Directive and relevant international conventions. The author draws her final conclusions from four important issues: (1) the meaning of dangerous cargo, the packing and handling; (2) the scheme of liability; (3) the channelling of liability; and (4) the type of recoverable damage.

The method for environmental risks assessment in case of accidents with presence of dangerous chemical substances and the concept of the problem solutions in connection with the dangerous goods transport on routes in order to protect environment and inhabitants was proposed in the dissertation thesis. The method was applied in the location of Brno city to estimate possible impact on the environment and inhabitants. ADR accidents and technical conditions of ADR vehicles were statistically evaluated. The new unique code list for accident causations was proposed and will be used in practise. The dissertation thesis includes overview of the valid legislature and the legislature before 1989, overview of harmful substances dispersion in the environment and their decontamination and system of accidents treatment.

Este trabalho aborda a aplicação da Geomática no apoio às ações de rápida resposta às emergências ambientais passíveis de ocorrência, nas rodovias do País, por incidentes com produtos perigosos. A cadeia logística nacional de infraestrutura de transporte de carga está apoiada, principalmente, no modal rodoviário, que é responsável por cerca de 60% do volume total transportado. Seguindo essa tendência, a maioria dos produtos perigosos também é transportada através de estradas. Nessas operações, apesar de todas as medidas de segurança empregadas, tanto na embalagem quanto no manuseio, há sempre a possibilidade da ocorrência de incidentes com esse tipo de carga, no deslocamento entre o ponto de partida e o destino final. Diante dessas potenciais ameaças, ficam evidentes os riscos à integridade física e patrimonial das populações lindeiras, bem como ao meio ambiente, no tocante à qualidade das águas superficiais e subterrâneas, do solo e do ar. Este trabalho sugere, com base na integração dos recursos tecnológicos do Sensoriamento Remoto, do Sistema de Posicionamento Global-GPS e do Geoprocessamento, implantar um sistema de informações georreferenciadas que proporcione os elementos necessários às ações de rápida resposta a esses eventos. A estrutura proposta, denominada Bureau de Informações Territoriais, está moldada para proporcionar uma solução para os problemas relacionados com o posicionamento na superfície terrestre, e que engloba os conceitos da Geomática, através da aplicação das suas quatro etapas básicas: coleta de dados, análise de dados, distribuição da informação e uso da informação. Assim, atendendo ao princípio da mobilidade, o projeto visa, ainda, a disponibilizar na tela de um laptop as informações necessárias ao planejamento e à execução das ações, no menor tempo possível. Por outro lado, considerando que o Bureau também proporciona às organizações que participam das ações de combate aos incidentes rodoviários com produtos perigosos as informações necessárias, através de uma conexão à Internet, espera-se a maximização dos benefícios do planejamento das ações preventivas e corretivas de resposta aos sinistros, assim como a minimização dos efeitos desse tipo de evento sobre a população, as propriedades e o meio ambiente. / This work proposes the application of Geomatics in support to actions of fast response to environmental emergencies derived from incidents in transportation of dangerous goods on Brazilian roadways. The national cargo transportation network utilizes, mainly, the road modal, which responds for aproximately 60% of the total volume transported. Following this modal utilization, the majority of dangerous goods flows through the roads as well. Despite the use of all safety procedures in the packing and handling stages of dangerous goods transport operations, there is always the possibility of incidents, specially in trips from origins to final destinations. This possibility or, in other words, this potential threat, obviously gives rise to risks to the integrity of assets and health of communities located alongside the roads. In addition to that, environmental risks also arise in the form of contamination of the soil, the air and the surface and underground water. This work, by integrating technological resources, such as Remote Sensing, Global Positioning System (GPS), and Geoprocessing, suggests the implantation of a georreferenced information system, which provides the elements needed for actions of fast response to these events. The proposed system, termed the Territorial Information Bureau, has a structure built to solve problems related with the positioning of sites on the earth surface. It integrates the Geomatics concepts through the application of its four basic stages: data collection, data analysis, information distribution and information use. Thus, complying with the mobility principle, the system still aims at displaying on laptop screen the necessary information for the planning and the execution of actions of response to these events, at the shortest time possible. On the other hand, considering that the Bureau provides, through an Internet connection, the necessary information to those organizations involved in the actions of response to road incidents, it is expected a maximization of benefits of the planning of the preventive and corrective actions of response, as well as a minimization of the effects of such events on the population, assets and the environment.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-02-02T13:05:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2886518 bytes, checksum: 9022d949d07dd9277579970745acbd91 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-02T13:05:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2886518 bytes, checksum: 9022d949d07dd9277579970745acbd91 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-06 / This research was focused working conditions of dangerous cargo conductor with alcohol, gasoline and diesel oil major, which carry the supply terminals of the port city of Cabedelo /PB. We favor this list of those workers engaged formally with a view to stimulating discussion about the precariousness which also occurs in formal setting. We performed this analysis as opposed to labor balance sheets of the last decade, which record a surplus of employees with Work and Social Security - signed CTPS, especially in the service sector. We assume, in view of the economic interests that form the foundation of this society, the positive balance of these indexes did not represent good working conditions and income, even if the work is under the apparatus of labor legislation providing for its protection. We chose the professional category in question in order to prove that even in possession of a great potential for mobilization, since the fuel and cargo transportation are essential to the economic drive, those workers are subsumed to precarious established by capital. Regarding the methodological procedures, we seek through literature and empirical research grasp on the reality of those working professionals. That said, we seek the Marxist methodology, the elucidation of wage labor as fundamental element of capitalist society. This analytical perspective we were profitable for us to further dialogue about the changes imposed on workers in the latest phase of capitalist development, namely: the dismantling of labor rights; the fragmentation of the working class, its fragmentation and weakening the struggle for better working conditions and income; the easing of relations of remuneration; precarious employment, among others. Commented above on the productive restructuring of capital, seen from the last decades of the twentieth century and the impact caused by the the world of work and, as a result, on the legal-political role of the state in legitimizing the new forms of management and organization of work. In general, we obtained the finding that in the group studied prevail formal workers hired by subcontractors and gas stations. And with regard to job insecurity checked there, we highlight the appalling physical and structural conditions for labor execution, versatility or diversion of functions and the neglect of labor rights. Considering this assumption, we found that the exploitation of the labor force in the universe of this research is of excessive way. Finally, we find strong evidence that once kept the bases of this society, economic rationalization and capital appreciation, the transformations in the world of work put up indifferent to improvements in the class labor conditions living labor. / Esta pesquisa tem como objeto as condições de trabalho dos condutores de carga perigosa, sendo álcool, gasolina e óleo diesel as principais, carregadas nos terminais de abastecimento do porto da cidade de Cabedelo/PB. Privilegiamos desse rol de trabalhadores aqueles contratados formalmente, na perspectiva de suscitar o debate acerca da precarização que também ocorre no cenário formal. Realizamos esta análise em contraponto aos balanços trabalhistas da última década, que registram um saldo positivo de empregados com Carteira de Trabalho e Previdência Social - CTPS assinada, em especial no setor de serviços. Pressupomos, em virtude dos interesses econômicos que conformam a base dessa sociedade, que o saldo positivo dos referidos índices não representaram boas condições de trabalho e renda, ainda que o trabalho esteja sob o aparato de uma legislação trabalhista que prevê a sua proteção. Elegemos a categoria profissional em pauta, no intuito de comprovar que mesmo de posse de um grande potencial de mobilização, já que o combustível e o transporte de cargas são imprescindíveis à movimentação econômica, estão os referidos trabalhadores subsumidos à precarização instituída pelo capital. No que concerne aos procedimentos metodológicos, buscamos por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e empírica apreender a realidade de trabalho daqueles profissionais. Posto isso, buscamos no método marxista, a elucidação do trabalho assalariado enquanto elemento fundante da sociedade do capital. Essa perspectiva de análise nos foi proveitosa para que mais adiante pudéssemos dialogar acerca das mudanças impostas aos trabalhadores na mais recente fase de desenvolvimento capitalista, a saber: o desmonte dos direitos do trabalho; o esfacelamento da classe trabalhadora, sua fragmentação e enfraquecimento às lutas por melhores condições de trabalho e renda; a flexibilização das relações de assalariamento; a precarização do trabalho, entre outras. Discorremos acerca da reestruturação produtiva do capital, observada a partir das últimas décadas do século XX e dos impactos causados por esta ao mundo do trabalho e, na sequência, sobre o papel jurídico-político do Estado na legitimação das novas formas de gestão e organização do trabalho. Em linhas gerais, obtivemos a constatação de que no universo pesquisado prevalecem trabalhadores formais, contratados por empresas terceirizadas e postos de combustíveis. E no que concerne à precarização do trabalho verificada ali, destacamos as péssimas condições físicas e estruturais à execução do labor, a polivalência ou o desvio de funções e o negligenciamento dos direitos do trabalho. Assim, considerando o pressuposto referido, pudemos constatar que a exploração da força de trabalho no universo desta pesquisa ocorre de maneira desmedida. Finalmente, verificamos fortes indícios de que, uma vez mantidas as bases dessa sociedade, de racionalização econômica e valorização do capital, as transformações no mundo do trabalho põem-se indiferentes às melhorias nas condições de labor da classe trabalhadora.

Este trabalho aborda a aplicação da Geomática no apoio às ações de rápida resposta às emergências ambientais passíveis de ocorrência, nas rodovias do País, por incidentes com produtos perigosos. A cadeia logística nacional de infraestrutura de transporte de carga está apoiada, principalmente, no modal rodoviário, que é responsável por cerca de 60% do volume total transportado. Seguindo essa tendência, a maioria dos produtos perigosos também é transportada através de estradas. Nessas operações, apesar de todas as medidas de segurança empregadas, tanto na embalagem quanto no manuseio, há sempre a possibilidade da ocorrência de incidentes com esse tipo de carga, no deslocamento entre o ponto de partida e o destino final. Diante dessas potenciais ameaças, ficam evidentes os riscos à integridade física e patrimonial das populações lindeiras, bem como ao meio ambiente, no tocante à qualidade das águas superficiais e subterrâneas, do solo e do ar. Este trabalho sugere, com base na integração dos recursos tecnológicos do Sensoriamento Remoto, do Sistema de Posicionamento Global-GPS e do Geoprocessamento, implantar um sistema de informações georreferenciadas que proporcione os elementos necessários às ações de rápida resposta a esses eventos. A estrutura proposta, denominada Bureau de Informações Territoriais, está moldada para proporcionar uma solução para os problemas relacionados com o posicionamento na superfície terrestre, e que engloba os conceitos da Geomática, através da aplicação das suas quatro etapas básicas: coleta de dados, análise de dados, distribuição da informação e uso da informação. Assim, atendendo ao princípio da mobilidade, o projeto visa, ainda, a disponibilizar na tela de um laptop as informações necessárias ao planejamento e à execução das ações, no menor tempo possível. Por outro lado, considerando que o Bureau também proporciona às organizações que participam das ações de combate aos incidentes rodoviários com produtos perigosos as informações necessárias, através de uma conexão à Internet, espera-se a maximização dos benefícios do planejamento das ações preventivas e corretivas de resposta aos sinistros, assim como a minimização dos efeitos desse tipo de evento sobre a população, as propriedades e o meio ambiente. / This work proposes the application of Geomatics in support to actions of fast response to environmental emergencies derived from incidents in transportation of dangerous goods on Brazilian roadways. The national cargo transportation network utilizes, mainly, the road modal, which responds for aproximately 60% of the total volume transported. Following this modal utilization, the majority of dangerous goods flows through the roads as well. Despite the use of all safety procedures in the packing and handling stages of dangerous goods transport operations, there is always the possibility of incidents, specially in trips from origins to final destinations. This possibility or, in other words, this potential threat, obviously gives rise to risks to the integrity of assets and health of communities located alongside the roads. In addition to that, environmental risks also arise in the form of contamination of the soil, the air and the surface and underground water. This work, by integrating technological resources, such as Remote Sensing, Global Positioning System (GPS), and Geoprocessing, suggests the implantation of a georreferenced information system, which provides the elements needed for actions of fast response to these events. The proposed system, termed the Territorial Information Bureau, has a structure built to solve problems related with the positioning of sites on the earth surface. It integrates the Geomatics concepts through the application of its four basic stages: data collection, data analysis, information distribution and information use. Thus, complying with the mobility principle, the system still aims at displaying on laptop screen the necessary information for the planning and the execution of actions of response to these events, at the shortest time possible. On the other hand, considering that the Bureau provides, through an Internet connection, the necessary information to those organizations involved in the actions of response to road incidents, it is expected a maximization of benefits of the planning of the preventive and corrective actions of response, as well as a minimization of the effects of such events on the population, assets and the environment.

Le Transport de Marchandises Dangereuses (TMD) est une activité génératrice de risques en raison de la dangerosité intrinsèque des produits considérés qui peuvent, suite à un accident dans le cadre de cette activité, provoquer des effets graves sur l’environnement, les biens et les personnes (effets toxiques, thermiques, de surpression, ou pollution).L’activité TMD se décompose en trois phases : le transport, la manutention (chargement déchargement) et le stationnement. Afin de réduire les risques générés par l’activité TMD, une réglementation internationale a imposé des mesures techniques (prescriptions relatives à la construction et à l’utilisation des colis et des citernes, agréments des véhicules et des récipients) et préventives (formation des intervenants au transport et à la manutention des MD, règles de circulation).Toutefois, cette réglementation, appliquée en France à travers l’arrêté TMD et ses annexes, ne permet pas, pour des sites accueillant de nombreuses marchandises dangereuses (comme les ports, les gares de triage et les aires autoroutières), de mettre en place des mesures préventives et techniques spécifiques adaptées à un contexte local. En effet, l’exploitation d’une d’infrastructure de transport (comme un port accueillant des marchandises dangereuses) nécessite ses propres règles d’exploitation permettant de gérer un trafic de marchandises dangereuses hétérogène, important et régulier (voire quotidien), afin de réduire les risques liés au transport, à la manutention, au stationnement ainsi qu’à la concentration de produits dangereux sur un même site.L’étude de dangers TMD, imposée par la loi n° 2003-699 du 30 juillet 2003, est venue compléter les outils réglementaires existants, afin d’aider certains sites à forte concentration de marchandises dangereuses (définis par le décret n° 2007-700 du 3 mai 2007) à évaluer et gérer les risques générés par l’activité TMD (ou « risque TMD »).Ce travail de thèse s’inscrit donc dans un cadre réglementaire précis et s’est attaché à produire des connaissances réglementaires, scientifiques et opérationnelles, afin de mettre en œuvre et d’éprouver l’applicabilité d’une méthodologie ministérielle d’analyse de risques (définie par l’arrêté du 18 décembre 2009) pour des ouvrages accueillant des marchandises dangereuses. / Transportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG) is a risk-generating activity due to the intrinsic hazard of the products concerned which may, following an accident in the course of this activity, cause serious effects on the environment, property and people (toxic, thermal effects of overpressure, or pollution).The TDG activity is divided into three phases: transport, handling (loading and unloading) and parking. To reduce the risks generated by the TDG activity, international regulations imposed technical measures (requirements for the construction and use of tanks and packages, approvals of vehicles and containers) and preventive measures (training of stakeholders transportation and handling Dangerous Goods, traffic rules).However this rule, applied in France through the order TGD and its annexes, does not allow for hosting many dangerous goods sites (such as ports, rail yards and motorway areas), to develop specific preventive and technical measures adapted to the local context. Indeed, the operation of a transport infrastructure (such as hosting dangerous goods port) requires its own operating rules to manage traffic of dangerous goods heterogeneous, large and regular (even daily) to reduce the risks associated with the transport, handling, parking and the concentration of hazardous substances on the same site.The hazard study of TDG, imposed by Act No. 2003-699 of 30 July 2003, complemented the existing regulatory tools to help some sites with high concentrations of dangerous goods (as defined by the Decree n ° 2007 - 700 of 3 May 2007) to assess and manage the risks generated by the TDG activity (or "TDG risk").This thesis is therefore part of a clear regulatory framework and is committed to produce scientific knowledge and operational regulations, to implement and test the applicability of a departmental risk analysis methodology (defined by the decree of 18 December 2009) for hosting dangerous goods sites.

The master thesis The usage of Global Navigation Satellite Systems in the transnational transport of dangerous goods examines the possibilities of space-based radio-navigation systems in the transport sector, specifically in the carriage of hazardous materials. The author puts an emphasis on identifying the economic and other benefits, as well as the downsides from the key users perspective, which is accomplished by means of interaction with said stakeholders. The dissertations final part aims to point to the factors decisive in the future development with regard to societal needs on both national and European Union levels.

The diploma thesis deals with the transport of dangerous goods in courier services. It is divided into three parts. The first part explains the term dangerous goods and its interpretation in different legal standards. In this part selected articles of the ADR Agreement and IATA DGR Regulations for road and air transport of dangerous goods are described. After the theoretical part the practical part begins, which deals with the practical aspects of transport of dangerous goods by selected courier companies and the service provided. This part also tries to identify the incidents which may happen during the transport of dangerous goods. The third part of the diploma thesis examines the transport possibilities of a particular shipment, vaccine of the fox against rabies produced by Bioveta, a.s. company. This part suggests two possible ways of transporting the vaccine, describes the necessary formalities to be followed and compares the price offers of the surveyed companies for this transport.

This Master's thesis examines the possibility of implementing an intelligent transport system for monitoring road vehicles carrying dangerous goods through the territory of the Czech Republic, for the purpose of providing relevant information to emergency responders in the event of an accident involving such vehicles. The aim is to explore whether, and how, can radio-frequency identification technology be used in such a system. The scope of the research is not limited to technical aspects of the solution. Various options are considered in terms of capital costs, complexity of the required information system and impact on shippers and carriers from an economic and business process standpoint. The paper briefly describes the current legislation concerning the transport of dangerous goods, the existing processes and entities involved in transport and handling of traffic accidents. Following is a comparison of several possible implementations of the monitoring system.

En hållbar samhällsutveckling beror på tre faktorer; naturen, människan och samhället. I dagens läge vill människan minimera de påfrestningarna som miljön och omgivningen utsätts för. Det är därför viktigt att se över hur resurserna utnyttjas. Ett bra exempel på detta är att befintliga trafikleder inom tätbebyggda städer byggs över, sådana projekt kallas överdäckningar. På detta sätt skapas både byggbar yta och negativa effekter av trafikleder minskas inom tätbebyggda områden. Buller, barriärer och luftföroreningar är exempel på negativa effekter. Trots att överdäckningskonstruktioner har många fördelar som exempelvis ökad marktillgång är det många planerade projekt som stoppas. Detta på grund av explosionsrisker som anges i de nya lagarna och rekommendationerna av transport av farligt gods. För att underlätta framtida överdäckningar har författarna analyserat och diskuterat situationen samt klargjort vilka regelverk som gäller. Intervjuer utfördes med olika parter både i den offentliga och i privata sektorn. Detta för att få en bredare uppfattning om hur regelverken bör tolkas. Därefter har diskussioner framförts gällande konstruktionslösningar och åtgärder som kan tillämpas för att minimera konsekvenser av explosioner i en tunnel. I dagens läge finns det inga regelverk specifikt för överdäckning utan det är en sammansättning av regelverk för tunnel och hus. Om ovanliggande konstruktioners laster placeras direkt på tunneltaket finns det stor sannolikhet till att bebyggelsen kollapsar om taket viker sig. Det är då viktigt att jämföra olika olycksscenarior som kan tänkas inträffa för olika farligt godsmängder och transporter. Jämförelserna kan leda till en rimligare konsekvensuppfattning. Resultatet av detta har konstaterats i att det borde finnas specifika riktlinjer för överdäckningar men även att riskanalyser av olyckor bör analyseras på rätt sätt. / A sustainable society depends on three factors; nature, mankind and society. Presently, mankind has a need to minimize the stresses that the environment and our surroundings are exposed to. It is of the utmost importance that we focus on how to use our resources in new efficient ways. A perfect example of this is to build over current highways in urban cities areas. In Sweden this type of method when translated is called overdecking, internationally no collective term has been given. When building a tunnel a top a highway, new area is made available above for construction, and the negative effects caused by these infrastructures are removed. Noise barriers and pollution are examples of these negative effects. Although over decking have many benefits for expanding the society, many of these projects are being stopped. This is due to the risks that occur when dangerous goods are transported and how the laws and regulations govern this matter. To facilitate future projects the writers have analyzed and discussed the situation and clarified which rules apply. Interviews were performed with parties both in public and private sectors. This was done in order to get a broader perspective over how rules should be interpreted. Thereafter discussions were made regarding construction solutions that can be applied to minimize consequences of an explosion event in a tunnel. Presently there are no regulations specifically for over decking, but only a composite of the regulatory framework for tunnels and houses. If building loads are placed directly on the tunnel roof there is a strong likelihood that the house collapses if the roof folds.  It is therefore important to review accident scenarios that might occur with various degrees of dangerous transported goods and transportations. The result of this has led to that there should be specific guidelines for over decking structures, but also how risk assessments of dangerous goods accidents should be handled.