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The thesis is about creating an understanding of the phenomenon “dark tourism”,finding out what people know about the concept and looking at what places people havevisited that fall under the definition of dark tourism. But also look at whether darktourism is really that “dark”. The study is based on a survey that was posted on socialmedia (Facebook) and the questions were based on the typical definition on darktourism according to Lennon & Foley (2000). The questions were about whether therespondents had heard the term dark tourism, what they thought dark tourism wasand how often they had visited the “typical” dark tourism sites or attractions. The resultof the study shows that very few had heard of the term dark tourism and that a few ofthe respondents had visited these places.

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This research delves into the realm of dark tourism, specifically examining four European sites with challenging cultural legacies: Auschwitz, Anne Frank's House, the Berlin Wall, and the Catacombs of Paris. Dark tourism includes visits to locations associated with themes of death, suffering, and catastrophe. The primary intention is to explore the motivations of tourists and navigate the ethical considerations. The study integrates survey data and qualitative analysis to uncover the diverse motivations of visitors, with 41 people participating in the survey. The results highlight a spectrum of reasons for exploration, including historical interest, curiosity and a willingness to understand. Ethical concerns emerge as influential factors while deciding either to engage with or avoid specific sites. The outcomes of this research contribute valuable insights to the understanding of dark tourism within the European landscape, unraveling the dynamics between memory, history and tourist experiences.

Tourism visits to sites associated to varying degrees with death and dying have for some time inspired academic debate and research into what has come to be popularly described as ‘dark tourism’. Research to date has been based on the mobilisation of various social scientific methodologies to understand issues such as the motivations of visitors to consume dark tourism experiences and visitor interpretations of the various narratives that are part of the consumption experience. This thesis offers an alternative conceptual perspective for carrying out research into museums that represent genocide and occupation by presenting a discourse analysis of five Lithuanian museums which share this overchig theme using Foucault’s concept of ‘discursive formation’ from ‘Archaeology of Knowledge’. A constructivist methodology is therefore applied to locate the rhetorical representations of Lithuanian and Jewish subject positions and to identify the objects of discourse that are produced in five museums that interpret an historical era defined by occupation, the persecution of people and genocide. The discourses and consequent cultural function of these museums is examined and the key finding of the research proposes that they authorise a particular Lithuanian individualism which marginalises the Jewish subject position and its related objects of discourse into abstraction. The thesis suggests that these museums create the possibility to undermine the ontological stability of Holocaust and the Jewish-Lithuanian subject which is produced as an anomalous, ‘non-Lithuanian’ cultural reference point. As with any Foucauldian archaeological research, it cannot be offered as something that is ‘complete’ since it captures only a partial field, or snapshot of knowledge, bound to a specific temporal and spatial context. The discourses that have been identified are perhaps part of a more elusive ‘positivity’ which is salient across a number of cultural and political surfaces which are ripe for a similar analytical approach in future. It is hoped that the study will motivate others to follow a discourse-analytical approach to research in order to further understand the critical role of museums in public culture when it comes to shaping knowledge about ‘inconvenient’ pasts.

The subject of master thesis "The proposal of dark tourism development project" is to create a project, which will lead to higher attendace in the Terezín Memorial. The thesis consists of theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part explains questions about tourism, dark tourism and methods wich were used during processing this thesis. The practical part of the thesis focuses on creating dark tourism development project. Project processing hase a base in the results of analysis which were processed in bachelor thesis "Preconditions of commercial use in tourism of concentration capms".

This dissertation concerns the legacy of the Nazi forced enlistment during World War II and focuses more precisely on the case of Alsace/Moselle. Many of these French men, enlisted by force from 1942 in the German army, were sent to the Eastern Front and experienced Soviet prison camps. The aim of this thesis is to examine how knowledge and memories about forced enlistment and Soviet captivity have been remembered, commemorated, communicated and passed on since the Alsatian/Mosellan POWs (Prisoners of War) carried the tokens of enemies or traitors when reintegrating their motherland, France. Four strategies dealing with the experiences of forced enlistment and of internment in Soviet prison camps are examined. I present how the first and most common strategy, i.e. avoidance, is contributing to an individual and collective construction of silence. Then I argue that a second strategy, the constitution of families of remembrance, is helping them to articulate and narrate their experiences (third strategy). The fourth strategy is the organisation of pilgrimages (emic term) to the former prison camp of Tambov, where the majority of the Alsatian/Mosellan POWs were gathered during the war. This last strategy actualises the issue of the transmission of the war experiences given that pilgrimages bring together three to four generations. Through fieldwork observations of the journeys I show how the pilgrims engage with a sense of the past. They remember and reassess the meaning of the past in terms of the social, cultural and political needs of the present. The importance of place and the aspect of self-in-place are thoughtfully analysed in order to highlight the process of passing on the memory of Tambov. I conclude by arguing that the agents of remembrance interviewed for the purpose of this thesis are engaged in turning the tangible and intangible legacies of World War II into heritage. This is done by releasing the legacy of forced enlistment and internment in Soviet prison camp from the private/familial sphere and inscribing it in the public sphere. Yet, the agency of the former POWs and their descendants shows how to let pass a past “that does not want to pass” in a contemporary European context.

Šis darbas supažindina su tamsiojo turizmo fenomenu, kuris Lietuvos akademiniame pasaulyje dar nėra nagrinėtas. Darbe pristatoma tamsiojo turizmo samprata ir formų įvairovė, visuomenėje daug diskusijų keliantys šios turizmo krypties etiniai aspektai bei didėjančio populiarumo prielaidos. Taip pat iškeliama tamsiojo paveldo problematika, jį išskiriant kaip tam tikrą disonuojančio paveldo grupę. Darbe įvertinama dabartinė tamsiojo paveldo situacija Lietuvoje, išryškinant tvarkybos problemas ir lyginant tamsiojo paveldo pateikimo turizmui praktikas su teorinėje literatūroje rekomenduojamomis bei kritikuojamomis. Išsamiai analizuojamas gana ryškaus tamsiojo paveldo objekto – Kauno tvirtovės fortų – atvejis, įvertinant šio objekto reikšmę, dabartinę tvarkybą ir tai lemiančias priežastis. Kadangi iš visų devynių išlikusių Kauno tvirtovės fortų turizmui pritaikyti tik du (VII ir IX), kuriuose vystoma muziejinė veikla, įvertinamos tamsiojo paveldo reprezentacijos juose: tiriama šių dviejų Kauno tvirtovės fortų vykdoma veikla ir jos atitikimas užsienio autorių pateiktiems tamsiojo paveldo pritaikymo turizmui principams. / The paper introduces the new phenomena of dark tourism that has not ever been analyzed in Lithuanian academic literature. The notion of dark tourism and the variety of its forms is represented. This paper also analyzes the reasons of increasing popularity of dark tourism in postmodern society and the ethical points of dark tourism. This paper concentrates on assessment of Lithuania‘s dark heritage and explains the reasons, why this heritage is in such condition. The main focus is on Kaunas Fortress which is an outstanding example of dark heritage in Lithuania. The representation of dark heritage in Kaunas VII and Kaunas IX museums are compared and also the Lithuanian tourist‘s motivation of visiting the dark sites is analyzed.

This is a study with the purpose of looking over the pattern of consumption of people visiting tourist attractions associated with war, death and suffering; dark tourism. The demarcation of the work has been to look into attractions inside the Stockholm area which do commercial business with the three aspects of dark tourism. With the help of qualitative and quantitative methods, the authors have collected the material needed for the purpose of the study. These qualitative methods have been interviews with visitors of dark tourism and the commercial business themselves, and with observations on three different attractions in Stockholm. The quantitative method, together with some qualitative aspects, has been a poll, with in-depth questions, to get an understanding of the subject at hand. The places for the observations was Stockholm Ghost Walk, the Vasa museum, and the Army museum. As a result of the study, the authors learned that most visitors didn’t know about dark tourism and that they were, in fact, visiting attractions that was called dark. The phenomena itself was unknown to most of them even though they all had visited at least one place under the dark tourism phenomena. / Detta är en undersökning vars syfte är att se över människors konsumtionsmönster på platser associerade med krig, död och lidande; mörk turism. Avgränsningen för arbetet har varit till de attraktioner i Stockholmsområdet som gör kommersiellt nöje av dessa tre aspekter. Med hjälp av kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder har författarna samlat in det material de behöver för arbetets syfte. Dessa har varit kvalitativa intervjuer med besökare och aktörer på den mörka turism-marknaden i Sverige och observationer på tre attraktioner, samt en kvalitativ och kvantitativ enkät som förarbete för att få en förståelse kring ämnet. De platser som observerades var Stockholm Ghost Walk i Gamla Stan, Vasamuseet samt Armémuseet. Resultatet visar att mörk turism inte alltid är uppenbart som fenomen för besökaren, även om det är ett fenomen som ofta besöks.

The main focus of my diploma work is on putting forward a proposition to develop the Dark Tourism and develop a study whether the project may be vitable of the following aspects such as financial point of view, law of supply and demand, human resoures etc.. The "Museum of execution" was proposed and became the main point in the diploma work. Having carried out all the aspects of the feasibility study, this project was acclaimed as realistic and vitable.