Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:23:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa_Santos_Lemos_Dissertacao.pdf: 11190698 bytes, checksum: d000559aa115b19e725d4ecc44ad5edd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-17 / This dissertation analyzes the elements of coercion and propaganda employed in education in the Estado Novo (1937-1945), especially in Pelotas - Rio Grande do Sul. The work examines how the policy of the dictatorship of Vargas manifested in education, which promoted the mechanisms massive participation of the school population in civic ceremonies, as well as adherence to the rules of society. The Vargas government, through its educational policy, sought to instill in Brazilian society, the cult leader, civic and patriotic values, forging a national identity. Are studied as the Civic Celebrations (Week Fatherland) and practices of physical education were employed in this process and how they were merged in the making of the New State pedagogical project, elements of the proposed Catholic teaching and the secular. It assessed the role of institutions in the school organization and monitoring of the community where they were inserted and how the state has co-opted families in the development of nationalization campaign. Perceived as a liberal discourse was linked to the practice in the joint dictatorship of accession and approval to the scheme. Demonstrates how the teaching of history was used in the formulation of an education grounded in a patriotic nationalism. Reflects on the promotion of physical education and a "civic" in caravans of Coloninhos in Camps and Scout groups, and how the military contributed to the discipline of Brazilian youth, so massive and coercive / Esta dissertação analisa os elementos propagandísticos e coercitivos empregados na educação no Estado Novo (1937-1945), especialmente em Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul. O trabalho verifica como a política do regime ditatorial de Vargas manifestou-se na educação, quais mecanismos promoveram a participação massiva da população escolar nas cerimônias cívicas, assim como a adesão da sociedade ao regime. O governo Vargas, através da sua política educacional, buscou inculcar na sociedade brasileira o culto ao líder, valores cívicos e patrióticos, forjando a identidade nacional. São estudadas como as Celebrações Cívicas (Semana da Pátria) e as práticas da Educação Física foram empregadas neste processo e como foram mesclados, na confecção do projeto pedagógico estadonovista, elementos pedagógicos da proposta Católica e da laica. É avaliado o papel das Instituições escolares na organização e na vigilância da comunidade onde estavam inseridas e como o Estado cooptou as famílias no desenvolvimento da Campanha de Nacionalização. Percebe como um discurso liberal esteve atrelado à prática ditatorial na articulação da adesão e aprovação ao regime. Demonstra de que forma o Ensino de História foi utilizado na formatação de uma educação calcada em um nacionalismo ufanista. Reflete sobre a promoção de um ensino físico e cívico nas Caravanas dos Coloninhos, nas Colônias de Férias e nos Grupos de Escoteiros, e como os militares concorreram para o disciplinamento da juventude brasileira, de forma coercitiva e massiva

Heavy metal pollutants, discharged into the ecosystem as waste by anthropogenic activities, contaminate drinking water for millions of people and animals in many regions of the world. Long term exposure to these metals, leads to several lethal diseases like cancer, keratosis, gangrene, diabetes, cardio- vascular disorders, etc. Therefore, removal of these pollutants from soil, water and environment is of great importance for human welfare. One of the possible eco-friendly solutions to this problem is the use of microorganisms that can accumulate the heavy metals from the contaminated sources, hence reducing the pollutant contents to a safe level. In this thesis an arsenic resistant bacterium Lysinibacillus sphaericus B1-CDA, a chromium resistant bacterium Enterobacter cloacae B2-DHA and a nickel resistant bacterium Lysinibacillus sp. BA2 were isolated and studied. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of these isolates are 500 mM sodium arsenate, 5.5 mM potassium chromate and 9 mM nickel chloride, respectively. The time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy analyses revealed that after 120 h of exposure, the intracellular accumulation of arsenic in B1-CDA and chromium in B2-DHA were 5.0 mg/g dwt and 320 μg/g dwt of cell biomass, respectively. However, the arsenic and chromium contents in the liquid medium were reduced to 50% and 81%, respectively. The adsorption values of BA2 when exposed to nickel for 6 h were 238.04 mg of Ni(II) per gram of dead biomass indicating BA2 can reduce nickel content in the solution to 53.89%. Scanning electron micrograph depicted the effect of these metals on cellular morphology of the isolates. The genetic composition of B1-CDA and B2-DHA were studied in detail by sequencing of whole genomes. All genes of B1-CDA and B2-DHA predicted to be associated with resistance to heavy metals were annotated. The findings in this study accentuate the significance of these bacteria in removing toxic metals from the contaminated sources. The genetic mechanisms of these isolates in absorbing and thus removing toxic metals could be used as vehicles to cope with metal toxicity of the contaminated effluents discharged to the nature by industries and other human activities.

Heavy metal pollutants, discharged into the ecosystem as waste by anthropogenic activities, contaminate drinking water for millions of people and animals in many regions of the world. Long term exposure to these metals, leads to several lethal diseases like cancer, keratosis, gangrene, diabetes, cardio- vascular disorders, etc. Therefore, removal of these pollutants from soil, water and environment is of great importance for human welfare. One of the possible eco-friendly solutions to this problem is the use of microorganisms that can accumulate the heavy metals from the contaminated sources, hence reducing the pollutant contents to a safe level. In this thesis an arsenic resistant bacterium Lysinibacillus sphaericus B1-CDA, a chromium resistant bacterium Enterobacter cloacae B2-DHA and a nickel resistant bacterium Lysinibacillus sp. BA2 were isolated and studied. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of these isolates are 500 mM sodium arsenate, 5.5 mM potassium chromate and 9 mM nickel chloride, respectively. The time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy analyses revealed that after 120 h of exposure, the intracellular accumulation of arsenic in B1-CDA and chromium in B2-DHA were 5.0 mg/g dwt and 320 μg/g dwt of cell biomass, respectively. However, the arsenic and chromium contents in the liquid medium were reduced to 50% and 81%, respectively. The adsorption values of BA2 when exposed to nickel for 6 h were 238.04 mg of Ni(II) per gram of dead biomass indicating BA2 can reduce nickel content in the solution to 53.89%. Scanning electron micrograph depicted the effect of these metals on cellular morphology of the isolates. The genetic composition of B1-CDA and B2-DHA were studied in detail by sequencing of whole genomes. All genes of B1-CDA and B2-DHA predicted to be associated with resistance to heavy metals were annotated. The findings in this study accentuate the significance of these bacteria in removing toxic metals from the contaminated sources. The genetic mechanisms of these isolates in absorbing and thus removing toxic metals could be used as vehicles to cope with metal toxicity of the contaminated effluents discharged to the nature by industries and other human activities.

A proposta desta pesquisa surgiu da observação de uma constante presença da temática religiosa nas obras de José Saramago. Para nosso trabalho, elegemos a peça A segunda vida de Francisco de Assis que, como toda a dramaturgia saramaguiana, ainda é pouco estudada. Inicialmente, buscamos as fontes biográficas oficiais sobre o santo católico, para em um segundo momento confrontálas com a proposta de Saramago que, em uma via oposta às fontes franciscanas, desconstrói o santo e reconstrói o homem Francisco de Assis. Em nossa análise, procuramos dar relevância à relação intertextual e aos passos dados pela personagem criada por Saramago em direção à sua humanização. Percorremos, assim, o que chamamos de caminhada do santo em direção ao homem. / The proposal for this research has taken place due to the observation of the constant presence of the religious theme in the books by José Saramago. For our work, we elected the play The Second life of Francisco de Assis which, as all the plays from this author, has not been studied a lot. At first, we searched for the official biographical sources about this catholic saint, for in a second moment confront them with the proposal from Saramago who going against the Franciscan sources, deconstructs the saint and reconstructs the man Francisco de Assis. In our analysis, we tried to make relevant the intertextual relationship as well as the steps taken by the character created by Saramago going towards his humanization. We have, thus, gone through what we call, the walk of the saint towards the man.

Genetic information must be protected, maintained and copied from cell to daughter cells, from generation to generation. In plants, most of the cells contain complete genetic information, and many of these cells can regenerate to a whole new plant. Such a feature leads to the need for precise control of which genes will be active and which not because in growth and differentiation, only the activity of specific genes for the individual cells, tissues, organs are required. One of the mechanisms controlling the gene activity is RNA interference (RNAi), which down- regulates or blocks the expression of specific genes at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level. The crucial part of the RNAi is guiding the RNAi machinery to the target. It is mediated via sequence complementarity of the target with a small RNA (sRNA), which is diced from a double- stranded RNA (dsRNA) precursor. The molecular mechanism of dsRNA and sRNA formation and also the target origin predestinates the subsequent silencing pathway. In transcriptional gene silencing (TGS), the gene expression is regulated through chromatin epigenetic modifications. One of the epigenetic marks is cytosine methylation, which is established mainly by RNA-directed DNA-methylation (RdDM) pathway. Although the protein machinery was relatively...

[pt] Idoù ho ánthropos em Jo 19,5 como citação de 1Sm 9,17. A entronização do Rei de Israel. Neste trabalho propõe-se demonstrar que a expressão Eis o homem (idoù ho ánthropos) de Jo 19,5 é uma citação de 1Sm 9,17, idou ho ánthropos, para a Septuaginta, ou hinnê ha is, para o texto Massorético, sendo esse texto de 1Samuel o único lugar em toda a Sagrada Escritura em que a expressão joanina aparece. Em 1Samuel, há um contexto de realeza, quando Yhwh revela ao profeta que Saul é o homem escolhido para ser o primeiro rei de Israel e a apresentação ocorre com a expressão Eis o homem. O contexto régio também perpassa todo o relato do julgamento de Jesus diante de Pilatos, quando Jesus é investigado como rei, coroado e vestido como tal e apresentado como rei aos judeus para ser aclamado. Entretanto, quando se esperaria, em Jo 19,5, que Jesus fosse apresentado com a expressão Eis o vosso rei (íde ho basileús humōn) de Jo 19,14, Pilatos o faz com a fórmula Eis o homem, de tal modo que este idoù ho ánthropos só tem sentido de estar ali porque é uma citação de 1Sm 9,17. Com isso, neste trabalho também se demonstra que o relato da Paixão apresenta Jesus como o Rei de Israel, uma vez que ele foi rejeitado como Rei dos judeus. Enquanto Rei de Israel, Jesus reúne em torno de si o novo Israel de Deus, composto por aqueles que creem em Jesus, pelos que ouvem a sua voz e pelos que acolhem a sua revelação. / [en] Idoù ho ánthropos in Jn 19,5 as a quote from 1Sm 9,17. The enthronement of the new king of Israel. This research wants to assert that the expression Behold the man (idoù ho ánthropos) from Jn 19,5 is a quote of 1Sm 9,17, idoù ho ánthropos to the Septuagint or hinnê ha is to the Hebraic Text, being this text of 1Samuel the only place in the whole of Sacred Scripture in which the johannine expression appears. There is a royal context in 1Samuel, when Yhwh reveals to the prophet that Saul is the chosen one to be the first king of Israel, and the presentation occurs with the expression Behold the man. Regal context also encompasses the whole story of Jesus trial by Pilate, when Jesus is investigated, crowned, dressed and presented to jews as their king to be acclaimed. However, when one would expect, in John 19,5, that Jesus was presented with the words Behold your King (íde ho basileús humon) from Jn19,14, Pilate uses the formula Behold the Man by so that this idoù ho ánthropos only makes sense to be there because it is a quotation from 1Samuel 9,17. Thus, this research also shows that the account of the Passion presents Jesus as the king of Israel, considering that he was rejected as the king of the Jews. As King of Israel, Jesus gathers around himself the new Israel of God, composed of those who believe in Jesus, those who hear his voice and accept his revelation.

The genus Rhodotorula includes basidiomycetous oleaginous yeast species. Rhodotorula babjevae can produce compounds of biotechnological interest such as lipids, carotenoids, and biosurfactants from low value substrates such as lignocellulose hydrolysate. High-quality genome assemblies are needed to develop genetic tools and to understand fungal evolution and genetics. Here, we combined short- and long-read sequencing to resolve the genomes of two R. babjevae strains, CBS 7808 (type strain) and DBVPG 8058, at chromosomal level. Both genomes are 21 Mbp in size and have a GC content of 68.2%. Allele frequency analysis indicates that both strains are tetraploid. The genomes consist of a maximum of 21 chromosomes with a size of 0.4 to 2.4 Mbp. In both assemblies, the mitochondrial genome was recovered in a single contig, that shared 97% pairwise identity. Pairwise identity between most chromosomes ranges from 82 to 87%. We also found indications for strain-specific extrachromosomal endogenous DNA. A total of 7591 and 7481 protein-coding genes were annotated in CBS 7808 and DBVPG 8058, respectively. CBS 7808 accumulated a higher number of tandem duplications than DBVPG 8058. We identified large translocation events between putative chromosomes. Genome divergence values between the two strains indicate that they may belong to different species.

[pt] Com o fortalecimento do agrupamento BRICS, diversos mecanismos de diálogo foram estabelecidos entre os países. A principal iniciativa institucional constituída neste âmbito foi a fundação do Novo Banco de Desenvolvimento (NBD), que visa mobilizar recursos para projetos de infraestrutura e desenvolvimento sustentável. Porém, é importante destacar o arranjo estabelecido em torno dos grupos empresariais, que inicialmente se traduziu na criação do Fórum Empresarial do BRICS, e posteriormente se materializou na formação do Conselho Empresarial do BRICS (CEBRICS), com o intuito de promover os laços comerciais, de negócios e de investimento entre as comunidades empresariais dos cinco países. Se por um lado, as pesquisas sobre a atuação do NBD são realizadas em diversos âmbitos acadêmicos, por outro lado, o estudo sobre o conselho empresarial não vêm recebendo tanta atenção da academia. A partir de uma revisão de literatura sobre Estado, mercado e instituições dentro da área de Economia Política Internacional, a presente pesquisa visa compreender as convergências entre estes dois arranjos, a fim de examinar as dinâmicas entre o banco e o conselho, sob à ótica de reflexões marxistas e gramscianas sobre as relações entre o Estado e os grupos empresariais. Nesse sentido, indaga-se em que medida setores, projetos e temas estratégicos expressados no CEBRICS são convergentes com a forma de atuação e os projetos financiados pelo NBD. Para isso, realizamos uma pesquisa documental nos relatórios disponibilizados, uma análise detalhada dos projetos do banco, bem como entrevistas com atores representativos. O conselho será interpretado como um arranjo que traduz as demandas e os interesses dos grupos empresariais do BRICS. O NBD será compreendido como o principal esforço institucional realizado pelos Estados do BRICS em busca de internacionalizar demandas e forças sociais em forma de um arcabouço institucional multilateral. / [en] With the strengthening of the BRICS grouping, several dialogue mechanisms have been established among the countries. The main institutional initiative was the founding of the New Development Bank (NDB), which aims to mobilize resources for infrastructure and sustainable development projects. However, it is also important to highlight the arrangement established around the business groups of these countries, which initially led to the creation of the BRICS Business Forum, and later materialized in the formation of the BRICS Business Council (BBC), which aims to promote commercial, business, and investment ties between the business communities of the five countries. If, on the one hand, research on the work of the NDB is carried out in various academic spheres, on the other hand, the study of the business council has not received as much attention from the academy. Based on a literature review on discussions about the state and capitalism within the field of International Political Economy, this research aims to understand the possible points of contact between these two arrangements, in order to examine the dynamics between the bank and the council, from the perspective of Marxist and Gramscian reflections on the relations between the state and business groups. In this sense, we ask to what extent sectors, projects, and strategic themes expressed in BBC converge with the way of acting and the projects financed by the NDB. To this end, we conducted documental research on the reports made available, a detailed analysis of the bank s projects, and interviews with representative actors. The council will be interpreted as an arrangement that translates the demands and interests of the BRICS business groups as a whole. In turn, the NDB will be understood as the main institutional effort made by the BRICS states to internationalize social demands and forces in the form of a multilateral institutional framework.

No description available.

Cuscuta pentagona is an obligate parasitic plant that hinders production of crops throughout the world. Parasitic plants have unique morphological and physiological features, the most prominent being the haustorium, a specialized organ that functions to connect them with their host's vascular system. The Cuscuta haustorium is remarkable in that it enables mRNA movement to occur between hosts and parasite, but little is known about the mechanisms regulating cross-species mRNA transfer or its biological significance to the parasite. These questions were addressed with genomics approaches that used high throughput sequencing to assess the presence of host mRNAs in the parasite as well as parasite mRNAs in the host. For the main experiment Cuscuta was grown on stems of Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) hosts because the completely sequenced genomes of these plants facilitates identification of host and parasite transcripts in mixed mRNA samples. Tissues sequenced included the Cuscuta stem alone, the region of Cuscuta-host attachment, and the host stem adjacent to the attachment site. The sequences generated from each tissue were mapped to host reference genes to distinguish host sequences, and the remaining sequences were used in a de novo assembly of a Cuscuta transcriptome. This analysis revealed that thousands of different Arabidopsis transcripts, representing nearly half of the expressed transcriptome of Arabidopsis, were represented in the attached Cuscuta. RNA movement was also found to be bidirectional, with a substantial proportion of expressed Cuscuta transcripts found in host tissue. The mechanism underlying the exchange remains unknown, as well as the function of mobile RNAs in either the parasite or host. An approach was developed to assay potential translation of host mRNAs by detecting them in the Cuscuta translatome as revealed by sequencing polysomal RNA and ribosome-protected RNA. This work highlights RNA trafficking as a potentially important new form of interaction between hosts and Cuscuta. / Ph. D.