The international aid sector is a multi-billion dollar industry that has continued to grow in size, influence and complexity since the 1970s. The stakeholders are globalised and diverse, from elite UN politicians in New York and Geneva to malnourished infants in Somalia. This study attempts to focus on the professional development of one category of player in this multifaceted sector, that is the expatriate field leader employed international non-government organisations (INGO) and responsible for the implementation of projects in a cross-cultural environment. The study found that relationships, results, and grit were three foundational traits of exemplary expatriate filed leaders in the international aid sector. This collective case study takes a grounded theory approach to explore the professional journeys of 12 exemplary expatriate field practitioners in the international aid sector who work in Central Asia, Middle East, and North Africa with ten different INGOs and have an average of 12.5 years of field experience. The participants were nominated for the study by their supervisors or peers as being exemplary field leaders. The study purposes to gain insight into the professional journey of exemplary field leaders by examining their work-life experience from age 18 until present. Biographic narrative interviews were conducted and supplemented with professional development timelines to create the initial data set. The study provides insight into the processes of professional identity formation of expatriate aid workers and identifies seven events that shape their professional self-identity. These experiences consist of a variety of reflected appraisals and intrinsic rewards that validated or changed how the research participants saw themselves. Participants credited good relationships and seeing the results of their work as what keeps them going in spite of difficulties. On the other hand, the most difficult work experiences of the aid workers were not carjacking, riots, dust, heat, bugs, strange food, or low funding but relational conflicts and the grief associated with relational disappointments. Interpersonal relationships were core to both the best experiences and the most difficult experiences of the research participants. Gritty appears to be a better construct to describe exemplary field leaders than resilient. Grit is a trait defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals. The research participants demonstrated grit in many situations, not least of which was in their commitment to learn the local language in-situ of crisis-affected people. The research participants believed that learning local languages was a key to establish and maintain meaningful relationships and cooperation with local people. The study also includes a discussion of an apparent incongruity in the international aid sector. On one hand the sector promotes the necessity of humanitarian professionals to establish and maintain collaborative relationships with crisis-affected people, but survey evidence suggests most workers in the humanitarian sector put a low priority on learning the languages of crisis-affected people while others do not have sufficient opportunity to learn the local languages because of the well-entrenched tradition of short-term employment contracts of 1-12 months and the practice of churning (rotating experienced staff from project to project). It appears that the current system of doing business in the humanitarian sector may actually obstruct professional competence and contribute to failed outcomes.

Este trabalho foi elaborado a partir do estudo desenvolvido no mestrado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação em Ciências: Química da Vida e Saúde da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). O estudo busca, através de narrativas de estudantes egressos do Projeto Prelúdio, analisar a constituição das trajetórias sociais e profissionais desses sujeitos. O Projeto Prelúdio foi criado em 1982, com vínculo institucional à Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul e, desde então, visa musicalizar crianças e jovens dos 5 aos 17 anos. Com a criação dos Institutos Federais, em dezembro de 2008, o Projeto Prelúdio foi integrado ao Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS) - Campus Porto Alegre, como um Programa de Extensão Institucional. A análise aqui desenvolvida foi fundamentada por uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa e uma metodologia que abordou o estudo de caso e histórias de vida para alcançar os resultados aqui discorridos. Foram selecionados cinco egressos do Projeto Prelúdio e adotou-se a entrevista semiestruturada como forma de coletar as informações, considerando a livre expressão dos sujeitos para narrarem suas histórias de vida, bem como as concepções e os sentidos construídos e concebidos como determinantes às suas escolhas profissionais. / This dissertation was elaborated from studies developed during the Postgraduate Master’s degree course “Education in Sciences: Chemistry of Life and Health” from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). The present study analyzes, through personal narratives from former students of “Projeto Prelúdio” (Prelude Project), the social and professional trajectories of these people and the possible influence of the project in their lives. Prelude Project was created in 1982 inside the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul aiming to introduce and educate children and teenagers from 5 to 17 years old musically. After the creation of the Federal Institutes, in 2008, the project has been absorbed by the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre Campus, as an Institutional Extension Program. The analysis was based on a qualitative research and a methodology that approached the object of study to reach the results to be discussed here. Five former students of the Prelude Project were selected and a semi-structured interview was adopted as a way of collecting information, considering the free expression of the subjects to narrate their life trajectories, conceptions and senses constructed and conceived as determinants of their professional choices.

O objetivo desta pesquisa exploratória é analisar, sob a ótica da pedagogia experiencial, a disciplina Prática Contábil, inserida na matriz curricular dos cursos de graduação em Ciências Contábeis. Utilizando o método do estudo de caso, são destacados e, ou criticados aspectos pertinentes à educação contábil. Ressalta-se, na abordagem experiencial, a potencialidade motivacional e a capacidade de estimular o senso crítico. Destacam-se, ainda, consequências para a profissionalização. Através da aplicação ao caso selecionado, investiga-se a percepção sobre o laboratório de contabilidade no curso de graduação em Ciências Contábeis, oferecido por uma IFES brasileira. Focalizam-se, finalmente, o papel dos docentes da Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior (IFES), os principais agentes de mudança para a melhoria do processo ensino-aprendizagem da Contabilidade. A partir da revisão bibliográfica foi elaborado um roteiro semiestruturado abordando diversas questões sobre o tema, depois utilizado para a coleta de dados nas entrevistas. As respostas e reações ao roteiro foram utilizadas para relatar e analisar os resultados da entrevistas. São propostas quatro hipóteses para pesquisa futura, justificadas pela evidência coletada através do caso. / This explorative research aimed to analyze, under the experiential pedagogic view, the Practical Accounting class, which is found in the curricula of the undergraduate courses of Accounting Sciences. Aspects pertinent to the accounting education are highlighted and/or criticized by using study case methods. The motivational potentiality and the ability to stimulate criticism are emphasized in the experiential approach. Consequences for professionalization are also pointed out. By applying this methodology on the selected case, the perception on the accounting laboratory in the undergraduate course of Accounting Sciences offered by a Brazilian IFES is investigated. The role of the Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior (IFES) faculty, the main agents responsible for the improvement of the teaching-learning process in Accounting, is finally focused. By means of a bibliographic review, a semi-structured guide including several questions on the theme was prepared. This guide was later used for the collection of data during the interviews. The answers and reaction to this guide were used to report and analyze the results of the interviews. Four hypotheses for future research, justified by evidence collected from the case, are proposed.

Nosso objeto de pesquisa é a Revista do Arquivo Municipal de São Paulo, publicação que esteve veiculada a vários órgãos da municipalidade desde sua criação e foi utilizada no período estudado, entre 1934 e 1950, como espaço de publicação científica e cultural de um grupo de intelectuais no momento de préprofissionalização e definição dos campos de conhecimento. Através da proposta de desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de pesquisa voltada para uma análise de periódico - no caso uma revista que ainda não recebeu tal tratamento por ser considerada de menor importância - e acompanhando as mudanças institucionais e editoriais, pudemos perceber certas tensões, conflitos, aproximações e distanciamentos entre os campos do conhecimento durante os anos acima indicados. Algumas das características percebidas se pulverizaram ao longo dos anos, outras ainda são perceptíveis atualmente no relacionamento entre as áreas do conhecimento. / This research reports on a study about the Review of the Municipal Archive of São Paulo, publication that was propagated to some agencies of the municipality since its creation and was used in the studied period between 1934 and 1950, as scientific and cultural publication space of a group of intellectuals at the moment of daily before professionalization and definition of the knowledge fields. Through the proposal of development of a methodology of research directed toward an analysis of periodic - in the case a magazine that do not received such treatment and it is not considered so importance - and following the institutional and publishing changes, we could perceive certain tensions, conflicts, approaches and the distance among the fields of the knowledge during the years above indicated. Some of the perceived characteristics if had sprayed throughout the years, others are still perceivable in the relation among the areas of the knowledge

Les établissements scolaires publics reçoivent, pour la plupart, des directives de l’Etat pour assurer leur bon fonctionnement et leur pérennité. Pour les établissements scolaires privés (ESP), leurs actions se concentrent en général sur la qualité de l’enseignement et sur les aspects purement pédagogiques afin de se démarquer de leurs concurrents du secteur privé et du secteur public. Dans un environnement où toute organisation, qu’elle soit ou non à but lucratif, doit faire face à des défis économiques, technologiques, sociaux et de développement, la qualité de l’enseignement à elle seule ne suffit pas à développer les performances existantes des ESP.La thèse montre l’intérêt du Management Socio-économique pour donner un nouvel élan aux ESP, dont la performance managériale globale assurera le bon fonctionnement et la pérennité. / Public schools receive, for the most of them, state guidelines to ensure proper operation and sustainability. For private schools, their actions tend to focus on the quality of education and purely educational aspects to differentiate themselves from their competitors and the public sector. In an environment where any school organization, whether for-profit or not, is faced with economic, technological and social challenges, the quality of education alone does not seem to be sufficient to guarantee its proper functioning And its survival development.The importance of managing other aspects of the structure together with the pedagogical aspect is then obvious. Therefore, school manager must be good at managing social and economical aspects of their schools. Nowing that the quality of the management sets the level of the performance of the organisation, we propose to bring solutions that have proved themselves in other cultural contexts in order to professionalize school managersThis thesis shows the interest or the need to introduce socio-economic management (MSE) to give new impetus to private schools. In fact, improving the overall performance of a structure is an evidence of its good functioning, a guarantee of its durability. It will take a co-constructing, process with the actors, to shape a management model, that will fit the cultural and structural variables of private schools in Benin in order to guarantee their overall performance.

Restaurants are central to the growth of a tourist destination, and rural, small-restaurant owners/managers are important actors in the development of attractive meal offerings. There is a lack of research scrutinising the skills and knowledge that may contribute to the growth of small-sized restaurant businesses. There are specific conditions of daily work in the restaurant and in the hospitality industry overall, and these are also relative to seasonal conditions in tourist destinations. In this licentiate thesis, the overall aim is to elucidate the specific conditions of small restaurant owners in a seasonal tourist destination and the making of their meal offerings. This paper explores the complexity of daily work in the restaurant business using an ethnographically inspired method applying an insider perspective. The complementing research methods used were interviews, fieldwork, repeated field visits and a short survey. The insider perspective is a challenging research method in itself but helpful for detecting the daily practice, organisation, and routines of the informants and their personnel, as well as for indicating the impact of workload on the informants’ lives. The study was carried out with eleven owners of eight eight small-scale rural restaurants, four with attached lodgings, and two managers in one urban restaurant/hotel. The results of the study show that the offering of a restaurant meal is dependent upon the multitude and variation of the culinary as well as hospitality competence of the practitioners, and the complexity of restaurant work has to be matched with a proactive daily practice. Use of time, reflectivity, and the need for professionalism is in focus. / <p>Forskningsfinansiär Besöksnäringens forsknings- och utvecklingsfond, BFUF</p>

CESI école d’ingénieurs a mis en place l’Apprentissage Actif Par Projets dans sa formation d’ingénieurs en alternance en 2015. Le cursus à l’école a été conçu pour être professionnalisant, via la réalisation de projets pluridisciplinaires en groupes. Le travail de recherche questionne les médiations et obstacles vécus par les apprenants dans la construction de leurs identités professionnelles dans ce dispositif. Nous avançons deux hypothèses principales pour étudier la question : l’A2P2 devrait influer sur le développement identitaire des apprenants, mais les leviers repérés ne sauraient être uniformes, les interactions dispositif-dispositions jouant sur leur vécu. La méthodologie a consisté à recueillir des données à visée compréhensive sur les 3 ans du cycle ingénieur. Une méthode de recueil mixte a été employée : une approche qualitative, par échantillonnage (31 apprenants), couplée à un recueil de données quantitatives sur la cohorte (587 apprenants), pour en extraire des « profils » de construction. Cette approche, centrée sur le discours des apprenants, a été complémentée par une triangulation méthodologique (recueil de données auprès de tuteurs, résultats d’évaluations).Les résultats confirment la présence d’indicateurs de construction imputables au dispositif à l’école, via la répétition de schémas d’action efficaces. Ils font aussi émerger des profils de construction identitaire, à savoir différentes dynamiques étayées par des ressources et leviers spécifiques, en fonction des buts fixés par les apprenants à la formation. Les résultats ont permis de noter les appuis différenciés en entreprise et en centre, pour accompagner les professionnalités émergentes. / CESI school of engineering has implemented a PBL curriculum called A2P2 in its combined work and study engineering degree program since 2015. This curriculum revolves around cross-disciplinary projects carried out in small groups and was designed to professionalize students. This research work endeavours to question the challenges and assets of this learning environment as regards the professional identity construction of the future engineers. We first assumed that the program should positively affect their professional identity construction, but also advanced the hypothesis that its impact should differ from one student to another as students’ individual dispositions interact with the learning environment and thus affect their experiences. The research process involved gathering comprehensive data throughout the 3-year engineering program. A dual data collection approach was developed – a sampling, qualitative study (31 students) as well as quantitative data collection from the cohort (587 students), to infer development “profiles”. This student-centred methodology was supported by data triangulation, via external data collected from the tutors, from evaluation results.The data collected supports the theory of the school curriculum contributing to students’ identity development, through the iteration of efficient patterns of actions. They bring out several development profiles –professional identity dynamics, bolstered through specific resources and levers of development, depending on students’ set out goals for the training. The results point out that school and companies provide different levers to support students’ professional becoming.

The profession of physicians' assistant was introduced in the 1960s to assist with physician shortages in the United States of America. Since then, some countries have introduced this profession to fill the gaps that exist in the physician shortages problem in their health care system. Yet, in many countries like Trinidad and Tobago, this role remains absent from the health care system. The objective of this study was to assess how professionalization supports the introduction of the physicians' assistant role in Trinidad and Tobago. Using the theory of profession as a theoretical framework, and through an evaluation of institutional, regulatory, and cultural norms and barriers associated with the health care system of Trinidad and Tobago, the role of jurisdiction, societal factors, professional competition, and legitimization was assessed using a qualitative, ethnographic design, with 22 participants. The data collection tools included a questionnaire and structured interview and content analysis of relevant documents to yield the data from which conclusions may be drawn. The results showed that jurisdiction, societal changes, interprofessional competition and legitimization can all influence the introduction of physicians' assistants. Evidence from this research may provide health care administrators with important information to assess the feasibility of the introduction of this vital role to improve patient care on the islands.

Cette thèse décrit l’insertion professionnelle d’enseignants stagiaires du second degré ayant déjà un vécu professionnel hors système éducatif. Elle retrace les expériences, les ressentis,les activités de ces enseignants lors de leur année de stage professionnel et tente d’identifier les effets de leur vécu professionnel antérieur dans leurs façons de percevoir le travail enseignant et d’intervenir en classe.L’étude a été conduite afin de comprendre leur parcours professionnel antérieur (typique ou atypique), leur motivation, l'(ou les) élément(s) déclencheur(s) de leur bifurcation professionnelle, les difficultés rencontrées, les attentes à l’égard du système… mais aussi lors de leur première année d'entrée dans le métier d'enseignant : les professionnalités antérieures de nouveau mobilisées, leurs expectatives professionnelles, les deuils à faire, l'adéquation ou non à ce nouveau métier… et les remaniements identitaires que cette bifurcation professionnelle a provoqués pour l’intégrer.Une cohorte initialement constituée de 20 enseignants fonctionnaires stagiaires, dans l’académie de Clermont-Ferrand, a été suivie durant l’année scolaire 2011/2012. La diversité des matières enseignées, couplée à la pluralité des lieux d’enseignement contribue à la richesse des matériaux recueillis, mais aussi limite les tentatives de généralisation à partir des monographies étudiées. Le recueil des données, s’est effectué en plusieurs phases : a) des entretiens individuels ont permis de mieux comprendre la trajectoire professionnelle de l'enseignant, reconstituée d’un point de vue chronologique, conduisant à son second métier ;b) un à deux enregistrements audiovisuels de l'enseignant concerné en activité devant ses élèves ; c) un à deux entretiens d'autoconfrontation sur la base de ces enregistrements ; d) en parallèle, la tenue par chaque débutant d’un carnet de bord dans lequel il a pu exprimer son ressenti de la semaine ; e) un bilan de fin d’année établi avec chaque enseignant volontaire de l’étude comportant un retour sur les évènements saillants de son point de vue.Les principaux résultats de la thèse montrent : a) les tensions identitaires vécues par ces nouveaux enseignants ; b) l’existence de typicalités de parcours conduisant à des processus de reprofessionnalisation ; c) la présence de phénomènes d’hystérésis ou au contraire de rejets des anciennes pratiques professionnelles ; d) la convocation de gestes professionnels issus de l’ancien métier.Au final, notre recherche met l’accent sur les similitudes et les différences d’entrée dans le métier entre celle des membres de notre cohorte et celle (décrite dans la littérature) des débutants ayant suivi un cursus normal, c’est-à-dire directement issus de l’université. Ce travail peut contribuer à offrir une aide potentielle aux formateurs pour mieux comprendre les tensions et les transformations identitaires que ces « nouveaux enseignants seconde carrière » issus de l’entreprise vivent afin de mieux les aider à s’adapter à leur nouveau métier. / This thesis describes the employability of secondary school trainee teachers who already have professional experience outside of the educational system. It traces the experiences, feelings, activities of these teachers during their year of internship and tries to identify the effects of their previous professional experience on their perception of teaching methods and on their classroom work. The study was conducted in order to understand their previous career (typical or atypical), their motivation, the initiating that led to their professional bifurcation, their difficulties and expectations towards the system... but also in their first year into the teaching profession: the former professional skills once again mobilized, their professional expectations, their grieving over losses, their suitability or not to this new job... and the professional identity related challenges that this bifurcation has generated. A cohort initially comprised of 20 teachers probationers in the region of Clermont-Ferrand, was followed during the school year 2011/2012. The diversity of the subjects taught, coupled with the plurality of educational places contributes to the richness of the materials gathered, but also limits the generalization attempts from the studied monographs. The collection of data was carried out in several phases: a) individual interviews helped to understand better the professional route of the teacher, reconstructed from a chronological point of view, leading to his second job; b) one or two audiovisual recordings of the teacher interacting with his students; c) one or two self-confrontation conversations based on these recordings; d) in parallel, each beginner had to write a professional diary in which he could express his feelings during the week; e) a year-end balance sheet made by volunteering teachers of the study with their feedback on what they considered salient events. The main results of the thesis have shown: a) the identity tensions experienced by these new teachers; b) the existence of course typicalities leading to re-professionalisation process; c) the presence of hysteresis phenomena or on the contrary the rejection of former professional practices; d) the calling for professional acts inherited from their past job experience. In the end, our research focuses on the similarities and differences in entering the teaching profession between the members of our cohort and the beginners (described in the literature) who have followed a regular curriculum, that is, ie directly from the university. This work may help provide potential assistance to trainers to better understand the tensions and identity transformations that these "new second career teachers" coming from the private sector live through and help them adapt to their new profession.

<p>I Sverige finns det idag ett stort antal yrken och en del av dessa är i en professionaliseringsprocess. Studie- och yrkesvägledaryrket är ett exempel på ett yrke i denna process. Syftet är att beskriva utvalda aktörers syn på studie- och yrkesvägledaryrkets avgränsningar, kompetens samt eventuella auktorisation i ett professionaliseringsperspektiv. En kvalitativ metod har använts och fem elitintervjuer har genomförts med representanter från Lärarförbundet, Lärarnas Riksförbund, Sveriges vägledarförening, Högskoleverket samt Skolverket. Samtliga respondenter ansåg att det finns specifika kompetenser som endast studie- och yrkesvägledare besitter men åsikten om vilka kompetenser detta är, gick isär. Majoriteten av respondenterna ansåg att studie- och yrkesvägledaryrket borde auktoriseras/legitimeras, dock inte alla. Avgränsningen mot andra yrken när det gäller arbetsuppgifter fanns det skilda meningar om. Den slutsats man kan dra av studien är att fackförbunden och Sveriges vägledarförening arbetar för professionalisering av studie- och yrkesvägledaryrket men utan en gemensam strategi. Yrket har inom olika områden kommit olika långt i sin professionaliseringsprocess.</p>