This study investigates how and to what effect metaphors and similes from Tayeb Salih‘s novel Mawsim al-Hiǧra ilā ash-Shamāl (1966) were translated into English – a worthy topic, given the many linguistic and cultural differences between Arabic and English, and the difficulty of translating figurative language. The novel depicts aspects of the life and culture of the Sudanese people. Initially banned in the Arab world, it was voted, in 2001, the most important Arabic novel of the twentieth century. This brought Tayeb Salih (1929–2009) fame and recognition, and translation into more than twenty languages. Season of Migration to the North (1960), the English translation by Canadian-born orientalist Denys Johnson- Davies (1922–2017), is the object of this particular study. This qualitative study employs descriptive translation studies (DTS) as the main theoretical framework, supplemented by insights gained from equivalence theories, theories of culture, the functionalist approach and cognitive studies. Following a textual approach, the study investigates the Arabic source text, the English target text, applicable translation theories and secondary literature on metaphors and similes as sources of information and/or data. It discusses the aforementioned translation theories, definitions, components and types of metaphors and similes in Arabic and English, as well as strategies and procedures of translating metaphors and similes. The researcher identifies, describes and analyses a selection of similes and metaphors in the Arabic source text, and how they were conveyed in the English target text. The study concludes with a discussion of the effects of the translation choices made and the strategies used. / Dissertation (MA (Applied Language Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2020. / African Languages / MA (Applied Language Studies) / Unrestricted

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La présente recherche porte sur la théorie des parties du discours dans l’Antiquité grecque et plus particulièrement sur la réflexion entourant les conjonctions. Le premier chapitre se concentre sur la définition de la conjonction trouvée dans la Poétique d’Aristote, de même que sur les autres passages du corpus aristotélicien qui permettent de mieux cerner les contours d’une entité grammaticale encore mal définie. Le second chapitre porte sur la conjonction dans les recherches logico-grammaticales de l’école stoïcienne. La définition stoïcienne de la conjonction, de même que les différentes catégories de conjonctions identifiées par les Stoïciens sont examinées. Le rôle central des conjonctions au sein de la théorie stoïcienne des propositions complexes est souligné et met en lumière l’interrelation étroite entre la logique et la grammaire à ce point du développement de la théorie grammaticale. Le chapitre final porte sur la définition et les catégories de conjonctions trouvées dans la Tekhnè grammatikè, un bref manuel de grammaire attribué au philologue alexandrin Denys le Thrace. L’influence de la théorie stoïcienne des propositions complexes sur cette première tentative de systématisation grammaticale est mise en lumière, de même que l’interférence de préoccupations philologiques. / This research is concerned with the theory of the parts of speech in Greek antiquity and more precisely with the topic of conjunctions. The first chapter examines the definition of the conjunction given in Aristotle’s Poetics, as well as the other texts of the Aristotelian corpus which allow us the get a better grasp on a still ill-defined grammatical entity. The second chapter deals with the conjunction within the logico-grammatical researches of the Stoic school. It examines the Stoic definition of the conjunction, as well as the various categories of conjunctions that were identified by the Stoics. The central role of conjunctions in the Stoic theory of complex assertions is emphasized, thus showing the close interrelation between logic and grammar at this point in the development of grammatical theory. The final chapter is concerned with the definition and the classes of conjunctions given in the Tekhnè grammatikè, a short grammatical treatise ascribed to the Alexandrian philologist Dionysius Thrax. It shows the influence of the Stoic theory of complex assertions on this first attempt at grammatical systematization, as well as the interference of philological concerns.

Cette thèse est consacrée à une analyse doctrinale et philologique du commentaire de Thomas d'Aquin sur la distinction 35 du premier Livre des Sentences de Pierre Lombard. Le sujet de cette distinction est la science que Dieu a de lui-même et des autres choses. La première partie de notre travail est une présentation conceptuelle et historique de l'arrière-fond de cette distinction. Elle est divisée en quatre étapes. Dans la première, nous nous sommes interrogé sur la science divine dans une perspective linguistique. Dans la seconde, nous avons discuté le rôle de l'autre, en tant qu'objet, dans la connaissance divine. Dans la troisième,nous avons étudié la synthèse chez Thomas des éléments aristotéliciens et pseudo-dionysiens, comme la notion d'actus purus et la notion d'esse. La quatrième étape, présente brièvement le contexte historique pour comprendre la méthode du commentaire des Sentences, ainsi qu'un bref panorama de l'Université de Paris au XIIIe siècle. La deuxième partie de la thèse offre une édition critique de la distinction 35. Après avoir collationné les témoins manuscrits selon les critères de la Commission Léonine, nous avons présenté le texte avec une introduction où nous établissons les différentes familles de la transmission textuelle. / This dissertation provides a doctrinal and philological study of Aquinas' Commentary on Book I, dist. 35 ofPeter Lombard's Sentences. At issue is the knowledge that God has of Himself and of the things other thanHimself. The first part of the dissertation investigates the conceptual and historical background of dist. 35. Itdivides into four sections. First, we approach the topic of the divine science from a linguistic perspective.Secondly, we examine the role of things other than God as objects of the divine knowledge. Thirdly, we drawattention to Aquinas' synthesis of Aristotelian and pseudo-Dionysian elements, namely the notions of actuspurus and esse. The fourth section provides an overview of the historical context and the XIIIth-centuryUniversity of Paris, in order to better understand the method of commentaries on the Sentences. The secondpart of the dissertation intends to provide, for the first time, the critical edition of Aquinas' Commentary onBook I, dist. 35 of Peter Lombard's Sentences. The manuscripts are collated according to LeonineCommission's criteria. The critical text is introduced by a philological study in which we investigate the textualtransmission of dist. 35 and we propose a stemma.

La présente recherche porte sur la théorie des parties du discours dans l’Antiquité grecque et plus particulièrement sur la réflexion entourant les conjonctions. Le premier chapitre se concentre sur la définition de la conjonction trouvée dans la Poétique d’Aristote, de même que sur les autres passages du corpus aristotélicien qui permettent de mieux cerner les contours d’une entité grammaticale encore mal définie. Le second chapitre porte sur la conjonction dans les recherches logico-grammaticales de l’école stoïcienne. La définition stoïcienne de la conjonction, de même que les différentes catégories de conjonctions identifiées par les Stoïciens sont examinées. Le rôle central des conjonctions au sein de la théorie stoïcienne des propositions complexes est souligné et met en lumière l’interrelation étroite entre la logique et la grammaire à ce point du développement de la théorie grammaticale. Le chapitre final porte sur la définition et les catégories de conjonctions trouvées dans la Tekhnè grammatikè, un bref manuel de grammaire attribué au philologue alexandrin Denys le Thrace. L’influence de la théorie stoïcienne des propositions complexes sur cette première tentative de systématisation grammaticale est mise en lumière, de même que l’interférence de préoccupations philologiques. / This research is concerned with the theory of the parts of speech in Greek antiquity and more precisely with the topic of conjunctions. The first chapter examines the definition of the conjunction given in Aristotle’s Poetics, as well as the other texts of the Aristotelian corpus which allow us the get a better grasp on a still ill-defined grammatical entity. The second chapter deals with the conjunction within the logico-grammatical researches of the Stoic school. It examines the Stoic definition of the conjunction, as well as the various categories of conjunctions that were identified by the Stoics. The central role of conjunctions in the Stoic theory of complex assertions is emphasized, thus showing the close interrelation between logic and grammar at this point in the development of grammatical theory. The final chapter is concerned with the definition and the classes of conjunctions given in the Tekhnè grammatikè, a short grammatical treatise ascribed to the Alexandrian philologist Dionysius Thrax. It shows the influence of the Stoic theory of complex assertions on this first attempt at grammatical systematization, as well as the interference of philological concerns.

Orientador: Cassia Navas Alves de Castro / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T13:19:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bogea_InesVieira_D.pdf: 64892958 bytes, checksum: d45aaf6db664347fb4337894fa013295 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Estudo do coreógrafo e professor Ivaldo Bertazzo, que desde os anos 70 desenvolve trabalhos com "cidadãos-dançantes", centrado na sua pesquisa de movimento. A partir de 2000, Bertazzo também se dedica a projetos de arte-educação com adolescentes da periferia do Rio de janeiro e São Paulo. O estudo tem três metas principais: traçar um panorama da trajetória de Ivaldo Bertazzo, como coreógrafo e diretor de espetáculos e de uma escola de dança; entender as bases da sua pesquisa de movimento e fazer a descrição analítica de seu trabalho específico com o corpo (Reeducação do Movimento), necessária para o entendimento da criação coreográfica; e investigar de que modo o conceito da construção da identidade pelo movimento, apontado por Bertazzo, ocorre no seu trabalho. Princípios coreográficos e técnica corporal foram abordados aqui no viés da "identidade e autonomia do movimento", entendida como forma de pensar o corpo, sua articulação e desenho no espaço, numa técnica híbrida, influenciada, por diversas fontes (incluindo a dança indiana, estudos de coordenação matara por Piret e Béziers e das cadeias musculares por Denys-Struyf). A obra de Bertazzo põe em xeque não só nossas idéias sobre o corpo, mas também nossa idéia de Brasil. Com isso em mente, durante a análise foi levada em conta a situação política do país e sua influência na evolução da dança nesse período, examinando as marcas que deixa no desenvolvimento dos criadores, obras, escolas e movimentos da nossa cultura. A tese recupera imagens em fotos e vídeos dos espetáculos desses trinta anos de carreira, fundamentais para a compreensão dessa dança / Abstract: This is a study of the Brazilian choregrapher and teacher IvaIdo Bertazzo, who has developed an original work with "citizen-dancers" since the 1970s, based on his own research on movement techniques. From 2000 on, Bertazzo has also developed a series of art-education projects with teenagers from poor neighbourhoods in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. The thesis has three main aims: to draw a panorama of Bertazzo's career as a choreographer, artistic director and head of a dance school; to explain the bases for his research on movement, and to write an analytical descrition of his work on the body (Movement Reeducation), which is necessary in order to understand his choreographic creations; and to investigate the many ways in which his concept of "identity built by movement" pIays a role in this oeuvre. Choreographic principIes and body technique have been studied in the light of his ideas on "identity and autonomy of movement", taken as a way to think about the body, its shape and its forms of articulation in space, and leading to a hybrid technique, that draws on many different sources (including Indian dance, studies of coordination by Piret and Béziers, and the study ofmuscle chains by Denys-Struyf). Bertazzo's work challenges not only our ideas on the body, but aIso our ideas about Brazil. With that in mind, the research brings to attention many facets of the polítical situation and its influence upon Brazilian dance over these decades. It also examines the marks this has left on the work ofmany authors, schools and movements in Brazilian culture. The thesis collects photographs and video footage of many works performed over the Jast thirty years - an image bank which may be of great assistance for a better understanding of this period in Brazilian dance history / Doutorado / Doutor em Artes

Cette thèse porte sur le Salon de la Jeune Sculpture, de 1949, date de sa création, à 1978, date de la mort de Denys Chevalier, son président fondateur. Elle a pour objet l’analyse de trente éditions annuelles du Salon, qui ont eu lieu dans les parcs et jardins parisiens, accueillant les œuvres de près de mille-cinq-cent exposants. Elle interroge dans une première partie le parcours de Denys Chevalier, critique d’art, ainsi que les ambitions du Salon : rendre visible la sculpture, encourager sa rencontre avec le public, et exposer un panorama des diverses tendances esthétiques du temps. Alors que la figuration domine les quinze premières années, examinées dans une seconde partie, l’entrée progressive de la sculpture abstraite entraîne le départ d’une partie des sculpteurs figuratifs en 1964. Ainsi, la troisième partie porte sur la période 1965-1978. Le Salon de la Jeune Sculpture quitte alors les jardins du musée Rodin, et réoriente ses choix esthétiques en même temps qu’il investit de nouveaux espaces de plein air. À travers l’histoire du Salon de la Jeune Sculpture et de son fondateur Denys Chevalier, cette thèse interroge la situation institutionnelle et esthétique de la sculpture dans le second XXe siècle, à une époque où le champ sculptural subit de profondes mutations liées à sa définition, et pose la question de son autonomie. / This Ph. D. dissertation focuses on the Salon de la Jeune Sculpture from its creation in 1949 to the death of Denys Chevalier, its founding member, in 1978. This dissertation seeks to analyze thirty annual Salons which took place in parisian parks and gardens where artworks by nearly one thousand five hundred exhibitors were displayed. The first chapter explores the career of the art critic Denys Chevalier, the ambitions of the Salon – how to display the sculptures, how to assist the audience in their discovery of the sculptures – and the aesthetic trends of the time. While figurative art prevailed over the first fifteen years at the Salon (second chapter), the gradual entry of abstract sculpture causes most of the figurative sculptors to leave in 1964. Thus the third chapter covers the period from 1965 to 1978. The Salon de la Jeune Sculpture then leaves the gardens of the Rodin Museum, redirects its aesthetic choices and adjusts to new outdoor spaces. Through the history of the Salon de la Jeune Sculpture and its founder Denys Chevalier, this dissertation investigates the aesthetic and institutional situation of sculpture in the second half of the twentieth century, at a time when the sculptural field undergoes profound transformations related to its definition and raises the question of its autonomy.

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