Orientador: Jose Wilson Magalhães Bassani / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T22:04:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vilela_MarianaZacchi_M.pdf: 658413 bytes, checksum: 6f3a00651b1e8932faed96b1f700db9e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Neste trabalho foi descrito o desenvolvimento e a aplicação de um indicador tridimensional de atividades produtivas (ICEB). O indicador foi aplicado para auxiliar o gerenciamento de tecnologia medica no Centro de Engenharia Biomédica (CEB) da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). As três dimensões consideradas foram desempenho ( D CEB I ), custo ( C CEB I ) e satisfação ( S CEB I ). ICEB foi calculado com dados obtidos de ordens de serviço (OS) executadas pela equipe de Engenharia Clinica (EC) do CEB. O indicador foi usado para analisar: a) diferentes setores do hospital da UNICAMP; b) diferentes grupos da equipe de manutenção; c) técnicos da equipe de EC; e d) diferentes classes de equipamento. A analise foi realizada no período de 2001 a 2006. Os resultados mostraram diferencas no atendimento da manutenção entre as áreas estudadas. Diferenças importantes no desempenho entre os membros da equipe também foram encontradas. A analise de variância bifatorial mostrou diferencas significativas entre os setores do hospital, no entanto não tiveram relação com o ano da analise. Tendo em vista a diversidade de locais e equipamentos envolvidos e que os custos com pecas e serviços externos tem se elevado ao longo dos anos o C CEB I manteve-se estável e não apresentou diferencas significativas de 2001 a 2006. Diferenças nos D CEB I entre alguns técnicos do CEB chamam a atenção para o que pode ser necessidade de treinamento e qualificação. A aplicação de ICEB mostrou também que quanto maior a complexidade dos equipamentos, maior o tempo e os custos com manutenção. Alem das dimensões mais clássicas (desempenho e custo), a dimensão referente a satisfação do cliente ( S CEB I ) mostrou correlação com o desempenho ( D CEB I ). No entanto, analises adicionais devem ser feitas para explorar melhor este aspecto. As informações obtidas da analise tridimensional possibilitam a conclusão de que determinados setores do hospital requerem atenção especial em pelo menos uma das três dimensões. / Abstract: This work describes the development and application of a general tri-dimensional indicator of productive activities (ICEB). This indicator was applied for helping management of health technology at the Center for Biomedical Engineering (CEB), University of Campinas (UNICAMP). The three dimensions taken into account were performance ( D CEB I ), cost ( C CEB I ) and satisfaction ( S CEB I ). ICEB calculation was based on data obtained from the service orders (CEB database) undertaken by the Clinical Engineering (CE) staff of CEB. The indicator was used to analyze: a) support to different sectors of UNICAMP hospitals; b) different groups within the CE staff; c) individual technicians of the CE staff; and d) different types of equipment. The analysis was performed for the period from 2001 to 2006. The results indicate that the maintenance support to the different sectors is not homogeneous. Important differences were also detected in the performance of the staff members. Two-way analysis of variance detected significant differences among sectors of the hospital, which, were not related to the year of analysis. It is quite surprising that although prices for equipment parts, as well as for third-party service contracts, have markedly increased during the years, C CEB I did not change appreciably from 2001 to 2006. Differences in D CEB I among technicians of the CEB staff may indicate the need for further training and qualification. Application of ICEB also made it clear that, as the complexity of the medical device increases, time to repair and maintenance cost also increase. In addition to the more classical dimensions (performance and cost), the client satisfaction dimension ( S CEB I ) was showed to correlate with performance ( D CEB I ). Further quantitative analysis must be carried on in the future to better explore this aspect. The information obtained from the three-dimensional analysis made it possible to conclude that some hospital areas require special attention, for one or more of the analyzed dimensions. / Mestrado / Engenharia Biomedica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Orientadores: Eduardo Tavares Costa, Jose Wilson Magalhães Bassani / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T02:44:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eboli_AnaCristinaBottura_M.pdf: 2516910 bytes, checksum: cbbe643a3e080230f8b6fe4b599c972e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: A padronização é uma importante ferramenta gerencial, sendo de grande importância na melhoria da qualidade do controle de serviços. Neste trabalho é tratada a padronização de informações em um sistema de gerenciamento de manutenção de equipamentos médico hospitalares. Descreve-se o sistema informatizado de gerenciamento atual do CEB-UNICAMP (chamado PEND), e um sistema integrado atualmente em desenvolvimento (SIGMA-EH) que deverá interligar informações de diversos núcleos de engenharia clínica em uma base de dados comum e robusta. A padronização aparece como base para possibilitar a conexão dos núcleos e é realizada de três formas: na abrangência do sistema, em sua estrutura e em suas informações. O sistema permitirá análises visuais rápidas antes mesmo do processamento dos dados. A padronização proposta foi implementada no protótipo do SIGMA-EH disponível no CEBUNICAMP. Espera-se ganhar em confiabilidade e melhoria da qualidade da informação para o gerenciamento da manutenção de forma eficaz, por meio da padronização por estados e trajetórias (usando como substrato uma máquina de estados finitos) e telas detalhadas com campos de preenchimento bem definidos e listas de seleção padronizadas. / Abstract: Standardization is an important management tool, being of great importance for the improvement of the quality control of many services. In this thesis it is shown the standardization of the information in the management of a health care equipment maintenance system. It is described the current computerized management system of CEB-UNICAMP (called PEND) and an integrated computerized system currently under development (SIGMA-EH) that shall link information from several clinical engineering services in a common and robust database. Standardization is the basis to allow centers connectivity and is carried out in three ways: system scope, its structure and centers information. The management system will allow quick visual analyses even before data processing. The proposed standardization has been implemented in the SIGMA-EH prototype available at CEB-UNICAMP. It is expected a gain on the system reliability and improvement on the quality of information for the efficacy of maintenance management for medical equipment through the standardization of states and trajectories (using the support of a finite states machine) and the use of screens with well defined filling fields and standardized selection lists. / Mestrado / Engenharia Biomedica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

A Saúde Brasileira passou, nas últimas décadas, por grandes transformações de modelo e de atuação do Estado ao evoluir, de um modelo centralizador e não universal, para um sistema descentralizado e de atendimento aos direitos sociais garantidos pela Constituição Federal de 1988. Atualmente o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) é o método adotado e, por muitos outros países elogiado em sua essência. Porém, por deficiências processuais e práticas, seu desempenho transparece para a população ineficiência na prestação dos serviços. A Regionalização, como estratégia de descentralização, surgiu como uma alternativa para solucionar estes problemas interfederativos, mas ainda é pouco estudada e seu entendimento é complexo, com ênfase para o papel do Estado e suas regionais. Sendo assim, este estudo visa analisar o desempenho da estratégia de Regionalização do SUS no Estado de São Paulo, através dos Departamentos Regionais de Saúde (DRS), assim como caracterizá-lo de modo mais claro e apontar os Fatores Críticos de Sucesso dos mesmos. Para atingir o objetivo deste projeto, realizou-se um estudo exploratório e descritivo, quantitativo e qualitativo, que atingiu como resultados o Indicador Sintético Regional de Saúde do Estado de São Paulo (ISRS/SP) e o Indicador Sintético Municipal de Saúde do Estado de São Paulo (ISMS/SP), assim como os principais fatores que influenciam a atuação dos DRS no Estado de São Paulo. Com o estudo quantitativo realizado, notou-se uma concentração dos DRS com melhor desempenho no interior do Estado de São Paulo, assim como uma não relação direta entre as regiões que mais receberam recursos e aquelas que obtiveram melhor desempenho, ou seja, os conceitos de eficiência e eficácia estão intimamente relacionados em sua atuação. Quanto aos Fatores Críticos de Sucesso, observaram-se fatores internos e externos que geram impactos na atuação dos DRS, com destaque para a necessidade de relação com outras coordenadorias estaduais de saúde. Ao final do estudo, abre-se condições para entender a regionalização da saúde no Estado de São Paulo de forma abrangente, com possibilidades de adaptação do indicador sintético criado, tanto para municípios quanto para as regionais, e realização de estudos mais aprofundados sobre a atuação de cada instância / In recente decades, the Brazilian Health spent for huge model changes and state action to evolve from a centralized and no universal model to a decentralized system and social rights attendance promulgated by the Constitution of 1988. Currently the Unified Health System (UHS) is the method adopted and many other countries praised in its essence. However, for procedural and enforcement issues, his transpires performance shows to population inefficiency in the service deliveried. Regionalization as decentralization strategy has emerged as an alternative to solve these problems, but it is little studied and its understanding is still complex, with emphasis on the role of the state and its regionals. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the performance of the SUS Regionalization in the State of São Paulo, through the Regional Health Departments, as well as to characterize it more clearly and finally to point the Critical Success Factors of them. To achieve Project objective, there was an exploratory and descritive study, quantitative and qualitative, that has measured how results Indicator Synthetic Regional São Paulo State Health (SSRI / SP) and the Municipal Synthetic Indicator State Health Department (ISMS / SP), as well as the main factors that influences the performance of the DRS in São Paulo. With the quantitative study, there has been a concentration of DRS with better performance in province of the state of São Paulo, as well as no direct relationship between the regions that received funds and those who performed better, what means, the concepts of efficiency and effectiveness are closely related to its performance. About the Critical Success Factors, there were internal and external factors that generate impacts on the performance of the DRS, highlighting the need for relationship with other state coordinations of health. At the end of the study opens up conditions to understand the health regionalization in the State of São Paulo comprehensively, with adaptation possibilities of the synthetic indicator created both for municipalities and for regional and conducting further studies on the performance each instance

This thesis deals with the analysis of state budget in 1993 to 2014. Firstly the state budget and public expenditures are theoretically defined. Secondly the analysis of state budget expenditures of the Czech Republic at the level of budget chapters, current and capital expenditures is elaborated in the practical part. The comparison of state budget expenditures follows based on the classification COFOG with selected EU members. In the last part of the thesis the political-economic cycle is defined and the analysis in a form of testing hypotheses of basis of literature related to the political-economic cycle is performed. The testing was carried out in Eviews using the autoregressive process. The analysis follows the partial theory of political-economic cycles in the Czech Republic, positive results of the comparison and the growing trend of state budget expenditures of the Czech Republic.

The theme of my diploma thesis is mentally disabled people in prison. The aim of this work is to map methods of social work and functioning of a specialized department for mentally disabled people. The theoretical part focuses on legislation regulating this area. Moreover, there is a characteristic of particular types of prisons and a description of rights and obligations of the convicted persons and disciplinary punishments. Another topic of the work is the function of the sentence, characteristic of the specialized department and brief characteristic of particular disabilities. The practical part includes an interview with workers in this department. I found out the methods of work they use and how much different the work with these convicted persons is. Fort better understanding of this topic there are also case studies of convicted persons from the specialized department.

Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre du projet ANR HOST (Hôpital : Optimisation, Simulation et évitement des Tensions) qui vise à étudier et résoudre le problème de tension aux urgences hospitalières. Le projet cherche premièrement à définir rigoureusement la notion de tension et puis d'utiliser des outils mathématiques pour proposer des solutions qui prennent en compte la complexité du système de santé. Malgré la récurrence des phénomènes de tension, ils sont limités dans le temps et sollicitent par conséquent des solutions à court terme. La difficulté de trouver des solutions efficaces est principalement due à l'incertitude et au dynamisme caractéristique du service des urgences. D'une année à une autre, l'intensité de l'épidémie, et donc le nombre de patients se présentant aux urgences peut varier drastiquement. De plus, pour un même nombre de patients, il est difficile d'estimer correctement la charge de travail qu'il représente. L'objectif de cette thèse est donc de proposer des solutions stratégiques, tactiques et opérationnelles de gestion des ressources en prenant en compte les aléas caractéristiques des urgences. D'un point de vue stratégique nous étudions la distribution optimale de la capacité de travail sur une période épidémique. Ensuite, nous traitons le problème de confection des postes de travail journalier en fonction de la dynamique de la demande. Nous étudions également la possibilité d'affecter des postes d'astreinte aux médecins pendant les périodes épidémiques. Finalement, nous traitons le problème d'affectation des heures supplémentaires aux ressources dans un contexte plus opérationnel. / In France, the problem of overcrowding in Emergency Departments (ED) is particularly relevant today because of increasing admissions and budget restrictions in health establishments. Formally, overcrowding can be defined as a situation where the demand surpasses the service capacity. Studies that have dealt with ED overcrowding have mostly dealt with issues of patient flow management and resource management.Our work focuses on resource management and more particularly on the impact that human resources have on ED overcrowding. In the first part of the study, we formulate the capacity allocation problem in a generic form. As such, we examine the capacity management problem and derive interesting properties for a general demand distribution and a normal demand distribution. Then, we examine the cyclic shift scheduling problem as it exists in ED. This research allows us to examine different cyclic scheduling strategies and answer the question of whether lack of flexibility in the schedules has an impact on the waiting time of patients. We propose an original stochastic linear formulation for the problem that accounts for the non-stationary work demand. After that we evaluate two scheduling mechanisms to reduce overcrowding in EDs: on-call duties and overtime hours. We study the conditions under which these mechanisms can be beneficial. The on-call duties problem is modeled as a two-stage stochastic optimization problem and the overtime management problem as a Markov decision problem.

La stéganographie est l’art de la dissimulation de l’information secrète dans un médium donné (cover) de sorte que le médium résultant (stégo) soit quasiment identique au médium cover. De nos jours, avec la mondialisation des échanges (Internet, messagerie et commerce électronique), s’appuyant sur des médiums divers (son, image, vidéo), la stéganographie moderne a pris de l’ampleur. Dans ce manuscrit, nous avons étudié les méthodes de stéganographie LSB adaptatives, dans les domaines spatial et fréquentiel (DCT, et DWT), permettant de cacher le maximum d’information utile dans une image cover, de sorte que l’existence du message secret dans l’image stégo soit imperceptible et pratiquement indétectable. La sécurité du contenu du message, dans le cas de sa détection par un adversaire, n’est pas vraiment assurée par les méthodes proposées dans la littérature. Afin de résoudre cette question, nous avons adapté et implémenté deux méthodes (connues) de stéganographie LSB adaptatives, en ajoutant un système chaotique robuste permettant une insertion quasi-chaotique des bits du message secret. Le système chaotique proposé consiste en un générateur de séquences chaotiques robustes fournissant les clés dynamiques d’une carte Cat 2-D chaotique modifiée. La stéganalyse universelle (classification) des méthodes de stéganographie développées est étudiée. A ce sujet, nous avons utilisé l’analyse discriminante linéaire de Fisher comme classifieur des vecteurs caractéristiques de Farid, Shi et Wang. Ce choix est basé sur la large variété de vecteurs caractéristiques testés qui fournissent une information sur les propriétés de l’image avant et après l’insertion du message. Une analyse des performances des trois méthodes de stéganalyse développées, appliquées sur des images stégo produites par les deux méthodes de stéganographie LSB adaptatives proposées, est réalisée. L’évaluation des résultats de la classification est réalisée par les paramètres: sensibilité, spécificité, précision et coefficient Kappa. / Steganography is the art of the dissimulation of a secret message in a cover medium such that the resultant medium (stego) is almost identical to the cover medium. Nowadays, with the globalization of the exchanges (Internet, messaging and e-commerce), using diverse mediums (sound, embellish with images, video), modern steganography is widely expanded. In this manuscript, we studied adaptive LSB methods of stéganography in spatial domain and frequency domain (DCT, and DWT), allowing of hiding the maximum of useful information in a cover image, such that the existence of the secret message in the stégo image is imperceptible and practically undetectable. Security of the message contents, in the case of its detection by an opponent, is not really insured by the methods proposed in the literature. To solve this question, we adapted and implemented two (known) methods of adaptive stéganographie LSB, by adding a strong chaotic system allowing a quasi-chaotic insertion of the bits of the secret message. The proposed chaotic system consists of a generator of strong chaotic sequences, supplying the dynamic keys of a modified chaotic 2D Cat map. Universal steganalysis (classification) of the developed methods of stéganography, is studied. On this question, we used the linear discriminating analysis of Fisher as classifier of the characteristic vectors of Farid, Shi and Wang. This choice is based on the wide variety of tested characteristic vectors that give an information about the properties of the image before and after message insertion. An analysis of the performances of three developed methods of steganalysis, applied to the produced stego images by the proposed adaptive methods of stéganography, is realized. Performance evaluation of the classification is realized by using the parameters: sensibility, specificity, precision and coefficient Kappa.

Ce travail de recherche porte sur l’étude de la population domienne ayant immigré en métropole. Il est principalement basé sur les données des recensements de l’INSEE de 1990 et 1999, mais aussi sur l’enquête « Trajectoires et Origines » et sur une enquête de terrain menée par le biais d’un questionnaire. L’analyse proposée dans le cadre de cette thèse permet de faire un retour sur l’histoire des DOM et de leurs populations. Le processus d’intégration de la population native des DOM en métropole sera observé à travers différentes instances de socialisation telles que la famille, l’école ou le travail. La finalité de cette thèse est de porter un regard sur le processus d’intégration des natifs des DOM résidant en métropole, à partir de concepts sociologiques connexes, et de l’apport de nombreux chercheurs concernés / This work focuses on the study of French people born in the overseas departments (DOM) who have immigrated to France. It is mainly based on statistical data from the population census carried out by the French national institute of statistics, INSEE, in 1990 and 1999, supplemented by the survey « Trajectoires et Origines » and a questionnaire-based field survey. The theoretical framework enables an analysis of the history of the overseas departments and their populations. Ways in which people born in the DOM become integrated in metropolitan France are observed through instances of socialisation such as family, school or the workplace. The aim of the thesis, then, is to employ relevant sociological concepts and existing work in the field to examine processes of integration of DOM-born immigrants.

The Eden District Municipality (EDM) is a local authority whose area of responsibility covers the Garden Route and also includes the Klein Karoo. The boundaries are from Storms River in the east, to Swellendam in the west and the Swartberg Mountains in the north. The EDM covers a very big area with seven big municipalities to consider and work with. Five of the municipalities, Langeberg, Mossel Bay, Knysna, George and Oudtshoorn have their own fire fighting services. The EDM fire fighting serves mainly the rural area. This is very costly due to the large distance required to travel to a fire, whereas the local municipalities are operating in their own towns. The new municipal boundaries include the rural areas, but the municipalities cannot service the rural areas because they do not as yet charge rates in the rural areas and therefore there is no revenue for the fire fighting service. They operate on the basis of verbal working agreements that make coordination of fire fighting very difficult. The fire fighting functions of the EDM as a category C municipality and the local municipalities as category B municipalities have been specified in the Municipal Structure Act. The allocation (division) of functions and powers relating to fire fighting service between the district municipality and local municipalities as determined by the Municipal Structure Act (Act 117 of 1998) has not been done. Due to the lack of invested capital, the resources are in a bad state. Some of the services have no capacity to attend to chemical fires or hazardous substance emergencies. Internationally, private fire fighting services can be contracted by government departments. These private fire fighting services are very large and the areas that they serve are extensive. These services have their own personnel structures functioning in an organisational structure that serves them well. These private services are very cost-effective and can therefore offer reasonable rates. Based on an investigation of various fire fighting services and different structures, the proposed structure for fire fighting in the EDM area will be a combination of structures. The diverse nature of the area will make the location of a sectoral structure and extension of its capacity difficult, and several factors that will impact on an new structure must be kept in mind. If all works well it will be relatively easy to achieve the five operations performance objectives envisaged for restructuring namely quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost.

During the last 25 years in law enforcement in the United States, there has been a universal practice of foot and/or bicycle patrols used to accomplish the goal of police patrol enforcement and the philosophy of community policing in metropolitan areas. These tactics of patrol have also been used in police departments in and around the State of Texas. This report is a research project on six major metropolitan police departments in the State of Texas, analyzing their allocation of foot and/or bicycle patrol units within their urban cities. The study assesses their early history in using these two police tactics to address criminal activity and their progression from foot patrol to bicycle patrol. The findings of this research support the proposition that major Texas police departments have adopted the practices and philosophies of other major urban police departments around the US, by using foot and/or bicycle patrols in their cities. There is evidence that major Texas police departments were using foot patrol during the early 1980s in support of community policing and gradually phased out this practice in the early 1990s to adopt the new enforcement tactic of policing on a bicycle.