Le régime du contrôle des concentrations, l’un des volets essentiels du droit de la concurrence, est chargé de préserver une concurrence effective sur un marché donné, via un contrôle administratif préalable par l’autorité de la concurrence, pour toutes les opérations de concentration contrôlables projetées par les entreprises pertinentes. Ce mécanisme juridique est conçu pour être ouvert, anticipatif et dynamique sur le fonctionnement de l’économie de marché, système économique inscrit dans le contexte d’une économie mondialisée, adopté par les pays membres participant vivement à la coopération économique internationale. Au cours de la transition économique chinoise et dans le but d’établir un marché de pleine concurrence, la présente recherche se déploie, suite à la ligne évolutive et directive d’émergence d’un contexte favorable et de renforcement du régime juridique inhérent au contrôle des concentrations, pour étudier des questions incontournables relatives à la protection d’une concurrence effective par le droit, dans le dessein d’établir et de perfectionner une économie libérale, pour la Chine contemporaine. Il s’avère enfin qu’un engagement ouvert au marché mondial pour les entreprises chinoises et un esprit cosmopolite et pluraliste, tant pour les peuples chinois que pour les observateurs étrangers, seront vraiment favorables pour parvenir au besoin d’unification territoriale et de gouvernance unitaire, qui constituent depuis toujours la recherche historique dans la civilisation chinoise / The merger control system, one of the essential pillars of competition law, is intended to preserve an effective competition in a given market, via a prerequisite administrative control by the competition authority, for all the qualified merger activities projected by the relevant enterprises. This legal mechanism is conceived for being open, anticipant and dynamic of functioning of the market economy, the actual economic system operating in the context of an international economy, adopted by the Member States being involved actively in the worldwide economic cooperation. During the Chinese economic transition and for the purpose of establishing a market of competition, the present research is extended, following the evolutionary and directive line of emergence of a favorable environment and of consolidation of the inherent legal regime for the merger control system, to study the unavoidable questions relating to the protection of an effective competition by law, in order to set up and to improve a free economy, for contemporary China. It turns out that an active engagement in the global market for the Chinese enterprises, and a cosmopolitan and pluralist spirit both for Chinese people and foreign observers, will be eventually favorable to reach to the requirement of territorial unification and centralized governance, which have always been its historical pursuit in Chinese civilization

[pt] O contexto sócio-político emergente na década de 90 ficou marcado no Brasil como um período de profundas e inúmeras modificações que, apoiadas na perspectiva neoliberal, foram determinantes para instaurar no país, a partir da Contra- reforma do Estado, um novo modelo de gestão, que através da descentralização administrativa provocou no âmbito das políticas sociais mudanças significativas que alteraram substancialmente o mercado de trabalho dos assistentes sociais que atuavam diretamente no campo das políticas públicas. Este modelo adotado, se desdobrou num processo de abertura para a inserção do fenômeno da terceirização na esfera municipal via parcerias. Nesta perspectiva, centralizamos nosso estudo sobre como os profissionais de serviço social, que estavam inseridos na SMDS/RJ, particularmente no Programa Vem pra casa, vivenciavam e experimentavam à condição de trabalhador terceirizado, como também quais eram os limites, entraves e desafios colocados para os mesmos no cotidiano de sua prática, a partir da inserção nesta nova condição profissional. Os resultados de nossa análise preconizaram, a partir das respostas elaboradas pelos assistentes sociais terceirizados inseridos neste programa, questões que refletem um novo momento para a profissão, onde os profissionais têm como desafio viver uma nova condição profissional, marcada pela precarização salarial, instabilidade e insegurança, características tão pertinentes ao mundo do trabalho atual, que vêm gradativamente se reproduzindo no interior do mercado de trabalho do serviço social. / [en] The emerging social-political context of the nineties was marked in Brazil as a time of deep changes and multiples modifications. Based on a neo-liberal prospective such alterations had been crucial for installing in the country a counter reformation on the State, whose principal characteristic was translated into a new administrative model. The decentralization of the administration provoked considerable changes relating to social politics that deeply altered the work market for the social workers that acted directly on public state programs. This new model evolved into an opening process that ended up in the outsourcing phenomenon that revolved around municipalities, by the agency of partnership. By following this perspective we centered our study on the discussion about how the social workers, who formerly had been linked to SMDS/RJ, specially those attached to the Vem Pra Casa Program, had been living and experiencing the outsourcing working status, as well as the limits, obstacles and challenges for this professional practice placed before them, daily. The results obtained in our analysis foretold some questions reflecting a new horizon for the professionals. We come to this conclusion by the gathering of many answers prompted by those outsourced social workers that had been attached to that program. These professionals have had the challenge of living a new working condition, stamped out by instability, insecurity and severe salary reduction, all of them today common worldwide working characteristics that have progressively being reproducing rightly in the core of the social working market.

Although the original intent of this study was to do a pre-and post-deregulation assessment of rail rates per ton-mile, the results using post-deregulation data show a significant decrease in rail rates between 1981 and 2000. While accounting for changes in shipment characteristics, savings for wheat, barley, com, oat, and soybean shippers were 63.80%, 69.17%, 49.07%, 67.97%, and 59.36%, respectively. Rate savings over time for an average 1981 shipment were 45%, 55%, 38%, 45%, and 36% for wheat, barley, com, oat, and soybean shippers, respectively. Analysis regarding the effects of deregulation of rail rates on com, soybean, and wheat on a regional basis shows that rail rates not only differ across commodities, but also among regions. In general, it was found that grain producers within regions that had higher levels of intermodal competition had lower rates than their counterparts with lower levels of intermodal competition. Distribution of benefits as a result of market-based pricing has varied among regions, and these variances are increasing over time.

The theme of this thesis is the air transport and its dramatic and dynamic development in the last twenty years. The key driving force behind this change was the deregulation of air agreements and liberalization of international markets, which took place in the seventies in the USA and in the nineties in Europe. This work addresses specific and general effects of deregulation and the development of air transport industry and aims to identify and analyze changes of its structures in space and time. One of the major and direct impacts and consequences of deregulation is that the free market allowed the emergence of new low-cost airlines, which significantly changed the structure and trends of air transport. The changes allowed for greater mobility of people, goods and capital, and also caused a partial change in consumer behaviour of individuals and institutions, and even more interconnected global economy. The source of data and information are primarily articles in professional journals written in English. Knowledge from particular analysis and research approaches to air traffic from the first part of this work is confronted with empirical research. This was based on the statistical data of air traffic in Germany, for each airport from 1991 to 2010 and verified the theoretical concepts of the general...

News and public affairs on commercial radio dramatically changed following the 1996 Telecom Act, with rapid consolidation and economic efficiencies radically shrinking commercial radio's role in the provision of political information. By examining jobs data, public files, and the views of broadcast journalists, this project assesses the Act's impact through the lens of civic-minded Portland, Oregon. Because political information enables democracy, and because of radio's uniquely accessible qualities, this paper argues that market emphasis in media policy--especially in the Act's absolute manifestation--has diminished a significant channel of public discourse. Noticing radio's democratic potential, still relevant in the digital age, this work offers support for a revival of discursive opportunities on local commercial radio.

No description available.

No description available.

The Swedish rental market is suffering from several complications that can be derived from the utility-value-system regulating the market. A deregulation of the ineffective utility-value-system has for long been discouraged by the estimations of a market rent, commonly drawn from the pricing of condominiums. Yet, such estimations are problematic, not accounting for the market’s differences and the deregulation effect on condominium prices. The purpose of this study is to examine the overlooked aspect of how the distance of the utility-value-system to market rent affects condominium prices. This study explores the two markets of Stockholm and Malmö and their respective rental system’s proximity to market rent. The distance to market rent is an external attribute, among others, included in our constructed hedonic model which defines condominium prices. By using regression analysis, the contribution of each attribute to the condominium prices are estimated. The results of this study provide an interesting and overlooked aspect of the Swedish housing market, namely that the distance of the utility-value-system to market rent cause an increase in condominium prices. It illustrates how the greater the distance to market rent is, the greater is the excess demand of rental apartments which entails a larger increase in prices of the substitutive condominiums. Conversely, an increase in rent levels towards market rent implies a decrease in condominium prices. / Den svenska hyresmarknaden lider av flera komplikationer vilka kan härledas från det bruksvärdessystem som reglerar marknaden. En avreglering av det ineffektiva bruksvärdessystemet har länge avskräckts av uppskattningar av en marknadshyra, vilken ofta härleds från prisnivån på bostadsrätter. Sådana uppskattningar av marknadshyra är problematiska och tar inte hänsyn till marknadernas skillnader och den effekt en avreglering har på bostadsrättspriser. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka den förbisedda aspekten av hur avståndet mellan bruksvärdeshyra och marknadshyra påverkar bostadsrättspriser. Denna studie undersöker de två marknaderna Stockholm och Malmö och deras respektive hyressystems närhet till marknadshyra. Avståndet till marknadshyra är ett av många andra attribut inkluderat i vår konstruerade hedoniska modell som definierar bostadsrättspriser. Genom att använda oss av regressionsanalys beräknas den påverkan som varje attribut har på bostadsrättspriset. Resultaten av denna studie bidrar till en intressant och förbisedd aspekt av den svenska bostadsmarknaden, nämligen att avståndet från bruksvärdeshyra till marknadshyra orsakar en ökning av bostadsrättspriser. Det illustrerar att ju större avståndet till marknadshyra är, desto större är efterfrågeöverskottet på hyreslägenheter, vilket medför en större prisökning på de substitutiva bostadsrätterna. Omvänt innebär en ökning av hyresnivåerna mot en marknadshyra en minskning av bostadsrättspriserna.

No description available.

No / Confronting the corrosive influence that war economies typically have on the prospects for peace in war-torn societies, this study critically analyzes current policy responses and offers a thought-provoking foundation for the development of more effective peacebuilding strategies. The authors focus on the role played by trade in precipitating and fueling conflict, with particular emphasis on the regional dynamics that are created by war economies. Their analysis highlights the darker side of the commitment to deregulation, open markets, and the expansion of trade routes that are key features of globalization. In each of three case studies¿-Sierra Leone, Afghanistan, and Bosnia¿they examine the nature of the war economy, the regional networks developed to support it, its legacies, and the impact of initiatives to transform it. That transformation, they argue, a process central to the transition from violent conflict to sustainable peace, can best be achieved through approaches that recognize critical regional factors.