It is possible to observe certain stagnation of the winter tourism which is linked with winter sports. The overall number of participants is not growing any more, however, new ski resorts are being set up and the competition is continuously rising. In order to stay competitive, it is necessary to take into account reasons which leads to the final decision of a tourist to choose certain ski resort. This thesis concentrates on the concepts that influence the process of choosing the destinationThese concepts, which are based on foreign literature are following: destination image, place attachment, loyalty. During the winter season of 2015 there was also a research conducted at the recently developing destination Lipno nad Vltavou, which was based on observations and interviews with the visitors. The above mentioned concepts were applied here. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The potential of the Chinese outbound tourism market is substantial; however, research on this market to Canada is limited. This may be due, in part, to the lack of Approved Destination Status (ADS). This study examined the possible perceived image of Canada obtained by potential Chinese tourists, and to compare to the marketing position of Canada by CTC China Division-in effect, to conduct a product-market match between two concepts. Content analysis and an importance and performance analysis were used in the study. A questionnaire distributed at the Beijing Capital International Airport solicited perceptions of tourism in Canada, importance of selected attributes in travel decision making, performance of selected attributes on Canada, and trip preferences. The marketing position of Canada was examined through a content analysis of the promotional materials circulated from CTC China Division in Beijing, China. The coherences and gaps between perceived image of Canada and marketing position of Canada provide some marketing implications. This study concludes that the general tourism image of Canada is vague but positive, which is probably derived from the historically favorable image of Canada in china. Potential Chinese tourists had little knowledge on specific tourism sights; however, they recognized star attractions of Vancouver, Niagara Falls, and Toronto. Potential Chinese tourists prefer slow-paced trips; group tours; two weeks in length; in fall season; featuring mid-budget accommodation, preferably bed-and-breakfasts; on motor coach; visiting nature based sights at majority; and providing foods of various cultures. The current marketing position of Canada reflected through promotional materials by CTC and its partners has coherences in promoting tourism attractions in Canada to the image of Canada. Gaps exist on the promotion of travel issues and unconventional attractions, which inspires the marketing implications. Promotional resources should be allocate to unconventional tourism attractions with consideration rather than the presence of Chinese and mandarin speaking environment in Canada because of Chinese tourists’ demand for culture diversity. Promotion should include more information about travel expense and visas to establish reasonable consumer expectations.

El objetivo de la Tesis Doctoral es estudiar la imagen de destino turístico y el proceso global de satisfacción del turista mediante la adopción de un enfoque integrador. En particular, se trata de analizar la influencia que tiene la imagen disponible del destino turístico en las distintas etapas del proceso global de satisfacción del turista, la naturaleza y los factores que participan en la formación de la imagen de destino turístico y los factores que contribuyen a la generación de las expectativas del turista de un futuro encuentro en el destino vacacional. Con objeto de cubrir estos objetivos, en la Tesis Doctoral se revisa la literatura sobre la imagen de destino turístico, la satisfacción del consumidor y, dentro de este último campo de investigación, las expectativas. A partir de esta revisión se defiende la naturaleza cognitiva-afectiva de la imagen, se propone un modelo teórico que integra la imagen de destino turístico en las distintas etapas del proceso global de satisfacción del turista y se formulan las hipótesis relativas a los factores que participan en la formación de la imagen y la generación de las expectativas del turista. Para contrastar el conjunto de hipótesis se realiza una investigación tanto cualitativa como cuantitativa. Tras el análisis de resultados se evidencia empíricamente la estructura cognitiva-afectiva de la imagen de destino o la importancia de la imagen y las emociones del turista en el proceso global de satisfacción, entre otros aspectos de interés.

The potential of the Chinese outbound tourism market is substantial; however, research on this market to Canada is limited. This may be due, in part, to the lack of Approved Destination Status (ADS). This study examined the possible perceived image of Canada obtained by potential Chinese tourists, and to compare to the marketing position of Canada by CTC China Division-in effect, to conduct a product-market match between two concepts. Content analysis and an importance and performance analysis were used in the study. A questionnaire distributed at the Beijing Capital International Airport solicited perceptions of tourism in Canada, importance of selected attributes in travel decision making, performance of selected attributes on Canada, and trip preferences. The marketing position of Canada was examined through a content analysis of the promotional materials circulated from CTC China Division in Beijing, China. The coherences and gaps between perceived image of Canada and marketing position of Canada provide some marketing implications. This study concludes that the general tourism image of Canada is vague but positive, which is probably derived from the historically favorable image of Canada in china. Potential Chinese tourists had little knowledge on specific tourism sights; however, they recognized star attractions of Vancouver, Niagara Falls, and Toronto. Potential Chinese tourists prefer slow-paced trips; group tours; two weeks in length; in fall season; featuring mid-budget accommodation, preferably bed-and-breakfasts; on motor coach; visiting nature based sights at majority; and providing foods of various cultures. The current marketing position of Canada reflected through promotional materials by CTC and its partners has coherences in promoting tourism attractions in Canada to the image of Canada. Gaps exist on the promotion of travel issues and unconventional attractions, which inspires the marketing implications. Promotional resources should be allocate to unconventional tourism attractions with consideration rather than the presence of Chinese and mandarin speaking environment in Canada because of Chinese tourists’ demand for culture diversity. Promotion should include more information about travel expense and visas to establish reasonable consumer expectations.

本研究主要探討「旅遊目的地意象」、「口碑」與「滿意度」之關係。 「旅遊目的地意象」主要分為3種狀況：期待之旅遊目的地意象（體驗前之旅遊目的地意象）、實際體驗後之旅遊目的地意象，以及旅遊目的地意象之落差。 本研究也探討旅客對旅遊目的地之資訊收集方式及其可靠度，與體驗前之旅遊目的地意象、旅遊目的地意象之落差，和旅遊滿度的相關性。旅客資訊收集的方式，共分為：（1）傳統口碑傳播、（2）傳統媒體傳播、（3）電子口碑傳播、（4）電子媒體傳播四種。 旅遊目的地意象量表的內容由兩大部份組成，第一部份借用Florida(2012) 所提出的創意城市4T條件，發展出創意城市量表，本研究不在討論創意城市，而是借用4T的條件來衡量旅客對目的地的意象。第二部份則根據Pine II & Gilmore(1998) 體驗經濟的4大領域，作為另一個測量旅客對旅遊目的地意象的體驗知覺量表。分別跑出創意城市意象和體驗知覺意象兩個因素，前者的Cronbach’ s α值為.658，後者的Cronbach’ s α值為.881。 旅遊滿意度量表，包括整體滿意度、重遊意願、推薦意願和移居意願的內容，共7個題目，得出一個因素，Cronbach’ s α值為.790。 所有量表評分之方式皆採用 Likert 5點量表，從「非常不同意」、「不同意」「普通」、「同意」到「非常同意」，分別給予1至5分。 本研究的對象為宜蘭的旅客，於2013年6月2日，及6月9日，下午5時至晚上11時，在宜蘭縣羅東鎮之火車站及客運站發放問卷。總共收集208個有效樣本，25歲以下占74%；學生占73.6%；台北人占55%、宜蘭人占11％、台北及宜蘭以外地區占34%。 在旅客旅遊現況方面： 旅遊資訊收集方式之採用狀況（複選題），「電子媒體傳播」（96.2%）為最多，「傳統口碑傳播」（90.4%）第2多， 「傳統媒體傳播」（88.5%）為第三， 「電子口碑傳播」（81.7%）人數最少。採用百分比均超過81.7％，表示大部份旅客會同時採用多種旅遊資訊收集方式。 旅遊資訊收集方式之可靠程度，由高至低之排序為「傳統口碑傳播」（4.02）、 「電子口碑傳播」（3.35）「電子媒體傳播」（3.41）、「傳統媒體傳播」（3.18）。 實際體驗前，旅客期待之旅遊目的地意象，創意城市意象為3.426，旅客體驗意象為3.7139。 實際體驗後之旅遊目的地意象，創意城市整體印象為3.4875，旅客整體體驗為3.90064。 旅遊目的地意象之落差雖然很小（旅遊目的地意象之落差 = 體驗後之旅遊目的地意象－期待之旅遊目的地意象），但各項數值基本都有所提升，創意城市整體印象之落差為0.0615，旅客整體體驗之落差為0.1867，可見旅客實際體驗後之旅遊目的地意象皆比期待稍為好。 旅遊滿意度由7個題目構成整個量表，分數為3.8482，接近同意。細部分為三個構面來看，平衡分數依序為：(1)包括重遊意願的整體滿意度(4.1995)，(2)推薦意願(平均分為3.881)，(3)移居意願(3.0144)。從各構面的狀況，可見旅客對宜蘭的整體滿意度及重遊意願很高，也願意透過各種資料收集方式推薦宜蘭，但是移居宜蘭的意願只有普通。 在假設驗證方面： 1. 旅客對各類已收集之旅遊資訊的信任度與期待之旅遊目的地意象具有顯著的正相關，大部份假設成立。 2. 旅客期待之旅遊目的地意象與實際體驗後之旅遊目的地意象具有顯著的正相關，假設皆成立。 3. 旅客實際體驗後之旅遊目的地意象與旅遊滿意度具有顯著正相關，假設皆成立。 4. 旅客期待之旅遊目的地意象與旅遊滿意度具有顯著的正相關，假設皆成立。 5. 旅客對各類已收集之旅遊資訊的信任度與目的地意象之落差具有顯著的負相關，只有旅客對以電子媒體傳播方式收集之旅遊資訊信任度與目的地意象之落差(以旅客體驗角度) 具有顯著的負相關，假設成立。 6. 目的地意象之落差與旅遊滿意度具有顯著的相關，假設皆不成立。 7. 旅客對各類已收集之旅遊資訊的信任度與旅遊滿意度具有顯著的正相關，結果大部份假設成立。 / The major purpose of this research was to explore the relationship among Destination Image, Word-of-Mouth, and Satisfaction. Destination Image includes 3 situations: Expected Destination Image (期待之旅遊目的地意象), Destination Image After Visiting (實際之旅遊目的地意象), and Gap between Expected and Actual Destination Image (旅遊目的地意象之落差). This research also explored how travelers collect tourist information, including: (1) traditional word-of-mouth dissemination (傳統口碑傳播), (2) traditional advertising dissemination (傳統媒體傳播), (3) electronic word-of-mouth dissemination (電子口碑傳播), and (4) electronic advertising dissemination (電子媒體傳播). The Destination Image Scale is composed of two parts, which include the Traveler Experience Scale from Pine II & Gilmore (1998), and the concepts of Creative City Scale from Florida (2012). The reliability of the scales are .658 and .881. The Satisfaction Scale includes three parts: Total Satisfaction (including willingness to revisit) (整體滿意度和重遊意願), Willingness to Recommend (推薦意願) and Willingness to Migrate (移居意願). The reliability of the scales is .790. All measurement used a 5-point Likert-scale, from 5 (strongly agree) to 1 (strongly disagree). The subjects of this research were travelers to Yilan on June 2 and June 9, 2013, from 5pm to 11pm. 208 questionnaires were collected at bus stations and the train station in Luodong Township of Yilan County. 74% of respondents were under 25 years old; 73.6% were students; 55% were from Taipei, 11% from Yilan, and 34% from other cities. The current traveler information gathering situation: Regarding travelers collecting tourist information, most travelers use electronic advertising dissemination (96.2%), followed by traditional word-of-mouth dissemination (90.4%), traditional advertising dissemination, and finally electronic word-of-mouth dissemination (81.7%). With all four information collection rates above 80%, it is clear that travelers use more than one way to the gather tourist information. The degree of dependence for the methods of collecting information (旅遊資訊收集方式之可靠程度) from high to low is traditional word-of-mouth dissemination, (4.02), electronic word-of-mouth dissemination (3.35), electronic advertising dissemination (3.41), and finally traditional advertising dissemination (3.18). Before visiting the destination (Expected Destination Image) the overall image of a creative city (創意城市整體印象) was 3.426, and overall traveler experience (旅客整體體驗) was 3.7139. Regarding Destination Image After Visiting, the overall creative city image was 3.4875, and overall traveler experience was 3.90064. The Gap between Expected and Actual Destination Image (旅遊目的地意象之落差) was very low, but all evaluations showed an increase from pre- to post-visit. The same method of comparison showed that the gap between the overall image of creative city was 0.0615, and the gap between overall traveler experience is 0.1867. From this, we can see that for the se travelers, the reality was better than the expectation. The Satisfaction Scale included 3 items, from high to low, and Total Satisfaction included willingness to revisit (4.1995), willingness to recommend (3.881), and willingness to migrate (3.0144). Hypothesis testing: 1. Most correlations between the trustworthiness of collected information (旅客對各類已收集之旅遊資訊的信任度) and Expected Destination Image (期待之旅遊目的地意象) were significant and positive. 2. All correlations between Expected Destination Image (期待之旅遊目的地意象) and Destination Image After Visiting (實際之旅遊目的地意象) were significant and positive. 3. All correlations between Destination Image After Visiting (實際之旅遊目的地意象) and Satisfaction (旅遊滿意度) were significant and positive. 4. All correlations between Expected Destination Image (期待之旅遊目的地意象) and Satisfaction (旅遊滿意度) were significant and positive. 5. Only one hypothesis had a significant negative correlation between the trustworthiness of collected information (旅客對各類已收集之旅遊資訊的信任度) and Gap between Expected and Actual Destination Image (旅遊目的地意象之落差). 6. There was no significant correlation between Gap between Expected and Actual Destination Image (旅遊目的地意象之落差) and Satisfaction (旅遊滿意度). 7. Most correlations between the trustworthiness of collected information (旅客對各類已收集之旅遊資訊的信任度) and Satisfaction (旅遊滿意度) were significant and positive.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:51:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcioMC_DISSERT.pdf: 2917876 bytes, checksum: 6618176c63435f1be7b0c9123c48f4cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-05 / This dissertation aims to analyze the causal relationship between the quality of tourist services, satisfaction with the attributes and globally, fidelity and image of tourist destinations. Therefore, it was conducted an exploratory, descriptive research with quantitative analytical approach. Data collection was performed by a questionnaire addressed to tourists at the Augusto Severo International Airport and Bus station of Natal, the main points of entry and exit of tourists. The composition was simple random sampling by reaching the final number of 400 tourists interviewed. Among the main results, is an assessment of the quality of the components of the destination. It was noted that nine are the dimensions of perceived quality of tourism products and services of ―Sun and Sand‖ segment, that is, Beaches and Facilities, Public Equipment, Catering Services, Transportation, Hotel Equipment, Hotel Services, Entertainment & Attractions, Access to the Hotel and Hospitality. Moreover, it was concluded that the Preview Tourism Destination Image has little direct influence in the Consumer Satisfaction, and only indirectly in the Post-Purchase Behavior. While the Complex Tourism Destination Image exerts strong and direct influence on both factors, in the Customer Satisfaction Process and Loyalty, the dimensions of quality also claimed to be strongly influences both factors / Esta disserta??o pretendeu analisar a rela??o causal entre a Qualidade dos Servi?os Tur?sticos, a Satisfa??o com os atributos e de forma global, a Fidelidade e a Imagem de Destinos Tur?sticos. Para tanto, se realizou um estudo explorat?rio-descritivo, do tipo Survey, com enfoque anal?tico quantitativo. A coleta de dados foi realizada atrav?s de question?rio aplicado junto aos turistas nacionais no Aeroporto Internacional Augusto Severo e na Rodovi?ria da Cidade do Natal, principais locais de entrada e sa?da de turistas. A composi??o amostral foi aleat?ria simples chegando-se ao n?mero final de 400 turistas entrevistados. Dentre os principais resultados, encontra-se um diagn?stico da qualidade dos componentes do destino tur?stico Natal. Observou-se, tamb?m, que s?o noves as dimens?es da percep??o de qualidade dos produtos e servi?os tur?sticos de Sol e Praia, ou seja, Praias e Facilidades, Equipamentos P?blicos, Restaura??o, Servi?os de Transportes, Equipamentos do Hotel, Servi?os do Hotel, Entretenimento e Atrativos, Acesso ao Hotel e Hospitalidade. Al?m disso, concluiu-se que a Imagem Pr?via do Destino Tur?stico exerce pouca influ?ncia direta junto a Satisfa??o do Consumidor, e apenas indireta no Comportamento P?s-Compra (Fidelidade). Enquanto que a Imagem Complexa exerce influ?ncia forte e direta tanto no processo de Satisfa??o do Consumidor quanto no de Fideliza??o dele, as dimens?es da qualidade encontradas tamb?m se apresentaram como fortes influenciadoras de ambos os fatores

L’industrie du tourisme est reconnue comme partie intégrante de l’économie dans un environnement mondial soumis à des influences macro difficiles à gérer et à maîtriser. Le tourisme alternatif tel que le tourisme éthique, est considéré comme une solution durable pour une industrie d’une grande importance dans le monde et qui représente une possibilité de survie économique pour certains pays. L’objectif de cette recherche était d’évaluer la perception du rôle de l’éthique sur la formation de l’image d’une destination touristique par un public étudiant voyageur français, et son influence sur ses choix. La méthode choisie a été principalement une approche constructiviste et qualitative permettant de transférer la contribution des connaissances à plusieurs disciplines, et a engendré des implications managériales dans l’industrie du tourisme. Les résultats démontrent que, bien que l’image éthique d’une destination touristique est principalement influencée par les aspects sociaux et environnementaux, pèsent également des considérations de gestion qui découlent des implications économiques et politiques du tourisme et des activités touristiques. Ces considérations seront essentielles lors de l’élaboration de futurs produits touristiques pour le marché cible que sont les futurs visiteurs dans un environnement mondial de plus en plus accessible. / The tourism industry has proven to be an economic reliance in a global environment that is subject to macro influences that are difficult to manage and sustain. Alternative tourism, such as Ethical tourism, is seen to be a sustainable solution for an industry that holds much importance worldwide and for some countries, presents economic survival. The aim of this research was to evaluate how the French student travel market perceive the role of ethics on tourist destination image formation and its influence on holiday choice. This was primarily achieved by adopting a constructivist and qualitative approach that allowed for rich knowledge of contribution to be transferred to several academic disciplines and provided managerial implications for the tourism industry. Findings show that although an ethical tourist destination image is principally influenced by social and environmental impacts, there are also managerial considerations that derive from the economic and political implications that come from tourism and tourist activity. These considerations will be key when developing future tourism products for a target market who are the future visitors of an ever increasing accessible global environment.

This essay, which is at once a literary critical examination and a theological exploration of the Hebraic scriptural book of Lamentations in relation to ancient Sumerian lament, employs a mixed critical approach (e.g., form, feminist, postmodern, reader response), to address various lyrical, contextual, and thematic elements common to both the biblical Lamentations and the older Sumerian compositions. Specific focus is given to issues of gender and gender-malleability, as well as the notion of "transgression" and the various meanings that may be attached to this word in various contexts, theological or otherwise. Also addressed is the means by which the lament genre reflects/reveals the ways in which individuals and communities attempt to construct meaning, or find solace, in the face of human suffering.

Sport events are known to be strategically utilized to ‘sell’ the identity of its host destination. This since projections of and from the sport event can indirectly reflect elements symbolizing the destination, generating an image transfer process. And oppositely, how visitors project their lived experiences of a sport event on social media, may also have an impact on the destination image. But in research, the issue of branding outcomes from sport events has predominantly been studied from a managerial perspective and was mainly conducted 15 years ago. Since then, digital revolutions have entered the global arena and offered innovative ways to share and create the stories of our lives; causing a change in our perspectives of how we interpret experiences of the world. In the context of sport tourism, existing knowledge on the field would benefit to gain new insights following these new circumstances. And given these circumstances, there is not only a theoretical need but also an implicational need to understand visitors’ subjective experiences when attending a hallmark event and how such are being projected to the world through social media. Answers may provide new, strategical opportunities for practitioners to coordinate their branding activities to align with values that visitors places into their experiences of sport events – which in long-term lead to favorable, shared destination images. This study provides a glimpse of this perspective, by approaching a contemporary case study of the hallmark sport event Svenska Skidspelen 2022 in Falun, Sweden. Focus lies to examine visitors’ subjective experiences judged by their uploaded content on Instagram. A thematic analysis combined with online interviews of users bring light to prominent themes arising from the content; ranging from emotional to spatial experiences of the sport event and the destination of Falun. Moreover, new light is brought upon the previous studied effects of sport event leverages. Results reveal how ‘liminal’ sensations of experiencing the ‘folkfest’ contribute greatly to the overall experience and affect how visitors projects their sense of place on Instagram. This study is to the author’s note being the first one during the last decade seeing these results.

Identificar las motivaciones de viaje en los turistas para poder determinar la influencia en la imagen de un destino turístico es muy importante para el desarrollo de este. Por lo que la presente investigación tuvo como principal objetivo determinar las motivaciones de viaje que influyen en la imagen de destino del Santuario Histórico Bosque de Pómac. Como instrumento se utilizó el cuestionario el cual fue realizado a 386 visitantes nacionales, hombres y mujeres, entre los 18 a 64 años que acudieron al destino desde enero del 2022 hasta la fecha en que se aplicó el presente estudio. Después de obtener los datos de las encuestas realizadas a los visitantes, se procesaron usando el programa SPSS, posteriormente siendo analizadas con la ayuda de tablas y así identificar la influencia entre variables. Los resultados indicaron una influencia baja debido a que algunos componentes de las dimensiones tuvieron poca importancia como principales motivaciones, sin embargo, se infiere que el destino posee un gran potencial para en un futuro obtener una influencia alta entre las motivaciones de viaje con relación a la imagen percibida del Santuario Histórico Bosque de Pómac. Por esa razón, los gestores turísticos tendrían en cuenta dichas motivaciones por parte de su demanda y por lo tanto pueden llegar a ofrecerles un valor extra y así superar sus expectativas, lograr que el destino sea recomendado y por ende más conocido. / Identifying the travel motivations of tourists in order to determine the influence on the image of a tourist destination is very important for its development. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to determine the travel motivations that influence the destination image of the Bosque de Pomac Historic Sanctuary. A questionnaire was used as an instrument, which was administered to 386 national visitors, men and women, between 18 and 64 years of age, who visited the destination from January 2022 to the date of this study. After obtaining the data from the visitor surveys, they were processed using the SPSS program and subsequently analyzed with the help of tables to identify the influence between variables. The results indicated a low influence because some components of the dimensions had little importance as main motivations; however, it is inferred that the destination has a great potential to obtain a high influence in the future among travel motivations in relation to the perceived image of the Bosque de Pomac Historic Sanctuary. For this reason, tourism managers would take into account these motivations on the part of their demand and therefore could offer them extra value and thus exceed their expectations, making the destination recommended and therefore better known.