Using the methodological approach of Socio-rhetorical Analysis, this study focuses on understanding the phrase in 1 John 3:8, “the works of the devil,” from the standpoint of the original audience. A comprehensive investigation of this phrase contributes toward theological discourse about the Johannine understanding of the devil/evil and cosmic conflict. By juxtaposing the results of a number of temporarily bounded studies, the meaning of the phrase, “the works of the devil,” is seen in its historical, cultural, and literary context. The literary context of the phrase under investigation involves two pericopes at the center of 1 John: 3:4-10, and 3:11-18, where the author’s cosmic eschatological theology is presented in a chiastic climax. Inner texture analysis of these pericopes reveals complex rhetorical transitions that focus attention on the destruction of the works of the devil. Repetitive-progressive texture charts and discourse analysis of these pericopes uncover the key terms and relationships of these terms, contributing toward an understanding of the meaning of the phrase, “the works of the devil.” Scribal inter-texture analysis compares the use of these terms in other biblical and extra-biblical literature, including an original analysis of 1QS 4:15-25. In short, the works of the devil, according to 1 John and the Gospel of John, supplemented by historical evidence of ancient culture and writings, would have been seen by early Johannine believers as equated with that which leads to death. Examples show that this could be physical death, as in the example of Cain, or of disease, or spiritual death, as in the example of idols which represent unbelief, evil work, false approaches to God, and disobedience to God’s commands. While the devil’s works can be summarized as bringing death—both physical (disease and deformity, social chaos, mental chaos) and spiritual (unbelief, hatred),the Son of God appeared to give life (1 John 4:9). The appearing of the Son of God is seen to result in works and characteristics that are the opposite of those associated with the sin of the devil, thus nullifying or destroying them. / Christian Spirituality Church History and Missiology / D. Litt et Phil. (Biblical Studies)

Lars Ahlins’ Fromma mord (Pious murder) is an incredibly complex novel. Is it even possible to say what the deepest sense is about? Erik A Nielsen and Gunnar D. Hansson has presented reasonable interpretations in their analysis of Fromma mord. However, they have not necessarily right to all points, hence it is possible to draw other conclusions. When I chose to explore the characters' strategies to liberate their ties, a relationship between the novels’ micro- and macro level was revealed, that had not been presented previously. The two issues underlying the basis for this essay are: 1) What are the different solutions Lilly, Agnes, Evangeline, Aron and Brinkman seek to be liberated from their ties? 2) Who is liberated and why? The method used for this analysis is a hermeneutic close reading of the novel Fromma mord. The results found were that the characters who were able to assert their needs and get others to cooperate with their strategies - had the best chance of becoming free. However, the most important condition for becoming liberated was that they could offload the money that tied them to Brinkman. Arons’ death was the last step that made a new future possible for Agnes, Roland, Lilly and Sven. The struggle of the characters at the novels’ micro level, was linked to the struggle between God and the devil at the novels’ macro level, through the allegorical dimension of the characters Aron and Brinkman. The essence of the whole novel is that all men are prisoners and that there is a battle going on, where even God is involved risking His own life. / Lars Ahlins Fromma mord är en oerhört komplex och idérik roman. Går det ens att säga vad den djupast sett handlar om? Erik A Nielsen och Gunnar D Hansson har presenterat möjliga tolkningar i sina analyser av Fromma mord. Men de har inte nödvändigtvis rätt på alla punkter, det går också att dra andra slutsatser. När jag valde att undersöka karaktärernas strategier för att bli fria från sina bindningar så kunde jag se ett samband mellan romanens mikro – och makroplan som inte tidigare presenterats. De två frågeställningar som ligger till grund för denna C-uppsats är: 1) Vilka olika lösningar söker Lilly, Agnes, Evangeline, Aron och Brinkman för att befrias ur sin bundenhet? 2)Vilka blir befriade och varför? Den metod jag använde för min analys är en hermeneutisk närläsning av romanen Fromma mord. De resultat jag fann var att de karaktärer som kunde hävda sina behov och få andra att samarbeta med deras strategier - hade störst chans att bli fria. Men den viktigaste förutsättningen för befrielse, var att huvudkaraktären Aron tog på sig de andras bindningar och att hans död möjliggjorde de andras fortsatta liv. Den kamp karaktärerna utkämpar på romanens mikronivå, blir genom den allegoriska dimensionen av karaktärerna Aron och Brinkman, sammanlänkad med den kamp mellan Gud och Djävulen som pågår på romanens makronivå. Jag ser som romanens essens att alla människor är fångar och att det pågår en kamp där till och med Gud är indragen på liv och död.

The thesis explores certain aspects of Zvědavá kamera, a Czechoslovak television journal that belonged among the most progressive pieces of Czechoslovak television journalism in 60-ties. The thesis is based on interviews with 3 of the still living makers of the journal: Otka Bednářová, Vladimír Branislav, and Jaromír Kincl. Based on their testimony, contemporary documents, and available television archive material the main question is being answered as to why Zvědavá kamera was allowed to exist for such a long time despite being politically controversial and why the makers did not face repression much earlier. The most substantial episodes of the journal are being explored in detail, among all Volba povolání (The Choice of Profession) by Otka Bednářová, Spor (Dispute) and Porota (Jury) by Vladimír Branislav and Jaromír Kincl. Based on the presented facts approaches are analyzed the makers took in order to make relatively free television journalism possible within the limits imposed on them by the totalitarian regime.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo discutir a representação da pobreza em três obras da literatura brasileira de diferentes períodos – Til (1871), de José de Alencar, Vidas Secas (1938), de Graciliano Ramos e Os Ratos (1935), de Dyonelio Machado. Para tanto, procura-se compreender o entendimento das respectivas obras relacionando-as aos seus contextos de origem, buscando, assim, estabelecer também uma relação que encontre possíveis características em comum na tematização da pobreza. Dessa forma, além de uma construção narrativa bastante específica existente nestas obras, temos nos protagonistas destas uma elaboração característica para representar a sua degradação quanto a uma condição pobreza. / This paper aims to discuss the representation of poverty in three works of Brazilian literature from different periods - Til (1871), of José de Alencar, Vidas Secas (1938), of Graciliano and Os Ratos (1935), of Dyonelio Machado. Therefore, we seek to comprehend the understanding of their works relating them to their original context, seeking thereby also establish a relationship to find possible common features in themes of poverty. This makes it possible to verify that, in addition to a very specific narrative construction existing in these works, we have an elaboration of these protagonists feature to represent their degradation as a condition poverty.

Using the methodological approach of Socio-rhetorical Analysis, this study focuses on understanding the phrase in 1 John 3:8, “the works of the devil,” from the standpoint of the original audience. A comprehensive investigation of this phrase contributes toward theological discourse about the Johannine understanding of the devil/evil and cosmic conflict. By juxtaposing the results of a number of temporarily bounded studies, the meaning of the phrase, “the works of the devil,” is seen in its historical, cultural, and literary context. The literary context of the phrase under investigation involves two pericopes at the center of 1 John: 3:4-10, and 3:11-18, where the author’s cosmic eschatological theology is presented in a chiastic climax. Inner texture analysis of these pericopes reveals complex rhetorical transitions that focus attention on the destruction of the works of the devil. Repetitive-progressive texture charts and discourse analysis of these pericopes uncover the key terms and relationships of these terms, contributing toward an understanding of the meaning of the phrase, “the works of the devil.” Scribal inter-texture analysis compares the use of these terms in other biblical and extra-biblical literature, including an original analysis of 1QS 4:15-25. In short, the works of the devil, according to 1 John and the Gospel of John, supplemented by historical evidence of ancient culture and writings, would have been seen by early Johannine believers as equated with that which leads to death. Examples show that this could be physical death, as in the example of Cain, or of disease, or spiritual death, as in the example of idols which represent unbelief, evil work, false approaches to God, and disobedience to God’s commands. While the devil’s works can be summarized as bringing death—both physical (disease and deformity, social chaos, mental chaos) and spiritual (unbelief, hatred),the Son of God appeared to give life (1 John 4:9). The appearing of the Son of God is seen to result in works and characteristics that are the opposite of those associated with the sin of the devil, thus nullifying or destroying them. / Christian Spirituality Church History and Missiology / D. Litt et Phil. (Biblical Studies)

LIMA, Francisco Wellington Rodrigues. A representação do diabo no teatro vicentino e seus aspectos residuais no teatro quinhentista do Padre José de Anchieta e no contemporâneo Ariano Suassuna. 2010. 288f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Letras) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Literatura, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras, Fortaleza-CE, 2010. / Submitted by Liliane oliveira (morena.liliane@hotmail.com) on 2012-06-28T14:33:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_DIS_FWRLIMA.pdf: 1523386 bytes, checksum: cdef1b17fb0253bd811844ee1dbfd01c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-24T11:04:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_DIS_FWRLIMA.pdf: 1523386 bytes, checksum: cdef1b17fb0253bd811844ee1dbfd01c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-24T11:04:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_DIS_FWRLIMA.pdf: 1523386 bytes, checksum: cdef1b17fb0253bd811844ee1dbfd01c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Figura emblemática presente no imaginário popular europeu, devido à ascensão do Cristianismo como religião dominante, o Diabo recebeu diversas definições e transformações que o moldaram através dos séculos. Na Literatura Brasileira, em especial, no Quinhentismo e na Contemporaneidade, temos de maneira bastante significativa a representação residual de tais personificações do Diabo, seguindo os moldes do imaginário cristão medieval conforme se encontra no Auto da Alma, no Auto da Barca do Inferno, no Auto da Barca do Purgatório e no Auto da Barca da Glória, de Gil Vicente. O intuito deste trabalho é demonstrar os aspectos residuais da representação do Diabo medieval vicentino no teatro brasileiro quinhentista do Padre José de Anchieta e no contemporâneo de Ariano Suassuna.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo discutir a representação da pobreza em três obras da literatura brasileira de diferentes períodos – Til (1871), de José de Alencar, Vidas Secas (1938), de Graciliano Ramos e Os Ratos (1935), de Dyonelio Machado. Para tanto, procura-se compreender o entendimento das respectivas obras relacionando-as aos seus contextos de origem, buscando, assim, estabelecer também uma relação que encontre possíveis características em comum na tematização da pobreza. Dessa forma, além de uma construção narrativa bastante específica existente nestas obras, temos nos protagonistas destas uma elaboração característica para representar a sua degradação quanto a uma condição pobreza. / This paper aims to discuss the representation of poverty in three works of Brazilian literature from different periods - Til (1871), of José de Alencar, Vidas Secas (1938), of Graciliano and Os Ratos (1935), of Dyonelio Machado. Therefore, we seek to comprehend the understanding of their works relating them to their original context, seeking thereby also establish a relationship to find possible common features in themes of poverty. This makes it possible to verify that, in addition to a very specific narrative construction existing in these works, we have an elaboration of these protagonists feature to represent their degradation as a condition poverty.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo discutir a representação da pobreza em três obras da literatura brasileira de diferentes períodos – Til (1871), de José de Alencar, Vidas Secas (1938), de Graciliano Ramos e Os Ratos (1935), de Dyonelio Machado. Para tanto, procura-se compreender o entendimento das respectivas obras relacionando-as aos seus contextos de origem, buscando, assim, estabelecer também uma relação que encontre possíveis características em comum na tematização da pobreza. Dessa forma, além de uma construção narrativa bastante específica existente nestas obras, temos nos protagonistas destas uma elaboração característica para representar a sua degradação quanto a uma condição pobreza. / This paper aims to discuss the representation of poverty in three works of Brazilian literature from different periods - Til (1871), of José de Alencar, Vidas Secas (1938), of Graciliano and Os Ratos (1935), of Dyonelio Machado. Therefore, we seek to comprehend the understanding of their works relating them to their original context, seeking thereby also establish a relationship to find possible common features in themes of poverty. This makes it possible to verify that, in addition to a very specific narrative construction existing in these works, we have an elaboration of these protagonists feature to represent their degradation as a condition poverty.

Concentrating on six plays in the 1610s, this thesis explores the ways theatrical visual effects described as “strange” channel the period’s moral anxieties about rhetoric, technology, and scepticism. It contributes to debates in repertory studies, textual and material culture, intellectual history, theatre history, and to recent revisionist considerations of spectacle. I argue that “strange” spectacle has its roots in the materialisation of morality: the presentation of moral ideas not as abstract concepts but in physical things. The first part of my PhD is a detailed study of early modern moral philosophy, scepticism, and material and textual culture. The second part of my thesis concentrates on Shakespeare’s Cymbeline (1609-10) and The Tempest (1611), John Webster’s The White Devil (1612), and Thomas Heywood’s first three Age plays (1611-13). These spectacular plays are all written and performed within the years 1610-13, a period in which the changes, challenges, and developments in both stage technology and moral philosophy are at their peak. I set these plays in the context of the wider historical moment, showing that the idiosyncrasy of their “strange” stagecraft reflects the period’s interest in materialisation and its attendant moral anxieties. This thesis implicitly challenges some of the conclusions of repertory studies, which sometimes threatens to hierarchise early modern theatre companies by seeing repertories as indications of audience taste and making too strong a divide between, say, “elite” indoor and “citizen” outdoor playhouses. It is also aligned with recent revisionist considerations of spectacle, and I elide divisions in criticism between interest in original performance conditions, close textual analysis, or historical-contextual readings. I present “strangeness” as a model for appreciating the distinct aesthetic of these plays, by reading them as part of their cultural milieu and the material conditions of their original performance.

La représentation de Satan et de ses différentes dénominations a constitué un sujet majeur de l’histoire de l’art occidental chrétien des premiers siècles de notre ère jusqu’au début du vingtième siècle. Alors que nous estimions le thème définitivement abandonné suite au fort recul de la pensée religieuse – notamment de la croyance au Diable – dans les sociétés actuelles, nous relevons que l’art contemporain lui accorde une place prépondérante dans sa production et ses manifestations. Le constat de ce décalage ostensible est à l’origine de la volonté d’étudier les raisons, les expressions et les conséquences qui accompagnent la présence de Satan dans l’art d’aujourd’hui. Pour rendre compte de cette discordance, cette thèse se scinde en trois mouvements : une étude comparative de l’histoire de la figure entre son passé et son présent, puis de sa disparition relative à sa réincarnation effective ; une analyse du traitement de l’imagerie diabolique par les artistes, et des messages qu’ils transmettent à travers elle ; une réflexion sur la survie théorique de la figure, et sur le silence du monde de l’art face à l’omniprésence de sa représentation. Le «retour» du Diable s’explique par deux raisons principales : détaché de ses racines théologiques, il est devenu aisément manipulable ; héritière de son glorieux passé, son image possède une force symbolique irremplaçable. La figure de Satan dans l’art contemporain est le reflet de nos sociétés, de nos angoisses, et de nos espoirs de libération – symptôme et possible remède. Vouloir l’ignorer revient à refuser d’affronter la préoccupante situation sociopolitique du monde : un vœu pieux potentiellement dangereux. / The representation of Satan in his various denominations has constituted a major topic for Western Christian art history, from the first centuries A.D. to the beginning of the twentieth century. While, following the large decline of religious thought and of the belief in the Devil, the theme was considered as permanently obsolete in our present day societies, we notice that contemporary art provides it a leading place in its productions and expressions. The genuine will to study the reasons, the manifestations and the consequences accompanying the presence of Satan in today’s art comes from the observation of this blatant discrepancy. In order to figure out this discordance, this thesis is divided in three parts: a comparative study of the figure between its past and its present, then from its relative disappearance to its effective reincarnation; an analysis of the diabolical imagery as it is treated by artists, and of the messages they deliver through it; a reflection on the theoretical survival of the figure, and on the art world’s silence in the face of his omnipresent representation. The Devil’s “come back” can be explained by two main reasons: cut from his theological roots, this character is easily maneuverable; his image possesses an irreplaceable strength inherited from his glorious past. The figure of Satan in contemporary art mirrors our societies, our fears, our hope for liberation – a symptom and a possible remedy. To try to avoid it is to refuse to contend with the worrying socio-political situation of the world: a potentially dangerous vain wish.