Background: To suffer from diabetes type II affects peoples new situation of life and therefore even their experiences of quality of life. Aim: The aim with this study was to describe how people with diabetes's type II experiences their quality of life. Method: The method that was used was a literature study with describing and deductive approach, where people’s experiences have come forth on the basis of Rustoens (1993) definition of quality of life. In total we analyzed 16 scientific articles that were categorized in four themes through a systematic content analysis (Evans, 2003) which resulted in four themes and nine subthemes. Orems (2001) theory of self-care has been used as the theoretical frame of reference. Result: In the result, it appear that people with diabetes's type II experiences quality of life differently on the basis of those four different themes, being active, to have fellowship, to have ego and to have a base spirit of happiness. The different themes conduct in different ways to create a good quality of life among people with diabetes type II. Conclusion: People with diabetes type II have a need to increase their knowledge and understanding to cope with the disease. A continuous contact with health-care and belonging to a group was important. From without the four different themes the individual can self choose to see its own needs to be able to obtain good quality of life.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 228-243). Also available on the Internet.

Bakgrund: När en person söker vård för sin diabetes typ II sker ett möte med sjuksköterskan. Mötet mellan patient och sjuksköterska utgör grunden för att en patient ska kunna skapa tillit och känna trygghet i samvaro med sjuksköterskan. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva hur patienter med diabetes typ II upplever mötet med sjuksköterskan. Metod: En litteraturstudie som bygger på tio kvalitativa artiklar. Resultat: Genom analys hittades fem huvudkategorier: Att ta emot och förstå information, att ta emot stöd och bli motiverad, att våga känna tillit till sjuksköterskan, att vara delaktig i sin vård och att genom kommunikation skapa en relation med sjuksköterskan. Metoddiskussion: Att det inte hittades så många artiklar som matchade syftet kan bero på att det vårdvetenskapliga forskningsintresset inte är inriktat på allmänsjuksköterskan utan de flesta studier har inriktats på sjuksköterskan med specialistutbildning inom diabetesvården. Resultatdiskussion: Patienten vet hur det är att leva med diabetes mellitus typ II och sjuksköterskan har kunskap om hur sjukdomen påverkar kroppen. Ett samarbete mellan dessa två parter utgör grunden för att patienten ska kunna skapa sig en fungerande vardag. / Background: When a person with type II Diabetes seeks care, an encounter with a nurse will take place. The encounter between patient and nurse will help build the foundation for the trust and security that the patient will feel towards the nurse. Aim: The aim was to describe how patients with type II Diabetes experience the encounter with the nurse. Method: A literature review based on ten qualitative articles. Results: The analysis found five main categories: To receive and understand information, to receive support and get motivated, to put faith in the nurse, participation in your own treatment and through communication create a relationship with the nurse. Method discussion: Difficulties in finding relevant articles may have been due to most research focusing on diabetic nurses rather than practice nurses. Discussion of results: The patient knows what it is like to live with type II Diabetes and the nurse have the knowledge of how the disease affects the body. Collaboration between these two parts provides the basis for the patient to be able to create a functional week-day

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Bakgrund: Diabetes mellitus typ II (DMT2) är en kronisk sjukdom som ökar i antal både i Sverige och runtom i världen. Att få diagnosen DMT2 innebär att personen får ett ansvar för egenvård och att utföra livsstilsförändringar. Om personen inte följer sin behandling och ändrar sin livsstil kan det medföra flertals komplikationer så som hjärt- och kärlproblematik.Syfte: Var att beskriva personers upplevelse av att leva med DMT2.Metod: Litteraturöversikt med 14 artiklar med kvalitativ ansats.Resultat: Resultatet har huvudkategorierna psykisk, fysisk och social påverkan i vardagslivet samt synen på livsstilsförändringar med respektive underkategorier. Personer som lever med DMT2 upplevde blandade känslor och blev olika påverkade. Att ha DMT2 krävde livsstilsförändringar som kunde ses som en möjlighet eller svårighet. Personer beskrev vikten av stöd och vad sjuksköterskans roll innebär för hanterbarheten av sjukdomen.Slutsats: Litteraturöversikten bidrog med förståelse och kunskap om hur personer som lever med DMT2 upplever sitt liv och sjukdomen. Kunskapen från litteraturöversikten gav även en förståelse för varför personer inte följer deras rekommendationer, deras behov av omvårdnad och stöd. / Background: Diabetes mellitus type II (DMT2) is a chronic disease that increases in numbers both in Sweden and around the world. To diagnose DMT2 means that the person is given a responsibility for self-care and lifestyle changes. If the person does not follow his treatment and changes his lifestyle, it can cause plural complications such as cardiovascular problems.Purpose: To describe people's experience of living with DMT2.Method: Literature review with 14 articles with qualitative approaches.Result: The result has the main category of psychological, physical and social influences in everyday life with the respective subcategories and the view on lifestyle changes. People living with DMT2 experienced mixed feelings and were affected differently. Having DMT2 required lifestyle changes that could be seen as an opportunity or difficulty. Individuals described the importance of support and what the nurse's role means for the manageability of the disease.Conclusion: The literature review contributed to understanding and knowledge about how people living with DMT2 experience their lives and the disease. The knowledge from the literature review also gave an understanding of why people do not follow their recommendations, their needs for nursing and support.

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, em pacientes portadores de diabete melito tipo 2 (DM 2) e em indivíduos saudáveis (C), o efeito agudo e crônico do exercício físico aeróbio intenso (TFA) sobre o insulto oxidativo e defesas antioxidantes plasmáticas, bem como o reflexo sobre a habilidade das HDL2 e HDL3 em inibir a oxidação das LDL in vitro. Métodos: O consumo máximo de oxigênio no pico de exercício (VO2 pico) foi medido respiração a respiração, durante teste de esforço máximo, realizado antes e após as 18 sem de TFA supervisionado. Colesterol total (CT), triglicérides (TG), glicose plasmática e insulina foram determinados antes e após TFA. Também foram determinadas a concentração de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), o perfil antioxidante total e a atividade sérica da paraoxonase-1. As HDL2 e HDL3 foram isoladas do plasma por ultracentrifugação em gradiente descontínuo de densidade. Para determinar o lag time de oxidação de LDL (LAG) e a razão máxima de formação de dienos conjugados (RDC), as HDL2 e HDL3, isoladas nos diferentes períodos experimentais, foram incubadas com pool de LDL de doadores saudáveis, na presença de CuSO4 (10µmol/mL) a 37°C, com leitura a 234 nm, durante 4 h. CT, TG, fosfolípides e apolipoproteína A-I foram determinados nas subfrações de HDL. Resultados: O VO2 pico aumentou em ambos os grupos após TFA. Não se observou variação significativa de peso, TG, HDL colesterol (HDLc), insulina e índice HOMA entre os grupos, tampouco após o treinamento físico. Antes do período de TFA, o CT e o LDL colesterol plasmáticos do grupo C foram maiores que o do grupo DM 2, diferença que não se manteve após o período de treinamento físico. HbA1c e glicemia foram maiores no grupo DM 2, antes e após TFA. O TFA não alterou a HbA1c no grupo DM 2. Na presença de HDL3, o LAG foi semelhante entre os grupos antes do TFA, porém apenas no grupo DM 2 houve aumento do LAG e redução na RDC, mediante incubação com HDL3 isolada após TFA. Na presença de HDL2, o LAG foi menor no grupo DM 2 quando comparado ao grupo C, antes do TFA. Após TFA esta diferença desapareceu. Não houve alteração na RDC em ambos os grupos após TFA. Não houve diferença entre os grupos na composição da HDL3 antes e após TFA. No período basal, a HDL2 do grupo DM 2 apresentou concentrações menores de CT e livre, desaparecendo a diferença após o TFA. Após TFA, observou-se redução no TBARS apenas no DM 2. O TFA não alterou a atividade da paraoxonase-1 e o perfil antioxidante total no plasma em ambos os grupos. Conclusão: O TFA reduziu a peroxidação lipídica no plasma, corrigiu o efeito antioxidante da HDL2 e melhorou o da HDL3 em indivíduos portadores de DM 2. Estes eventos foram independentes de alteração na sensibilidade à insulina e da concentração e composição de HDL no plasma / Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2) and in healthy controls subjects (C) the role of acute and aerobic exercise training (AET) on plasma oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses as well as the HDL2 and HDL3 ability to inhibit the in vitro LDL oxidation. Methods: Peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) was measured breath to breath during a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test before (basal period) and after a 18-wk supervised AET. HDL2 and HDL3 isolated in both periods by discontinuous density gradient ultracentrifugation were incubated with a healthy donor\'s plasma LDL pool for measuring at 234 nm both the lag time for LDL oxidation (LAG) and the maximal rate of conjugated diene formation (MCD) on CuSO4 (10 µmol/mL) at 37°C, for 4 h. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A-I and phospholipids were measured in HDL2 and HDL3. TBARS, total antioxidant status and paraoxonase-1 activity were determined in plasma or serum. Results: VO2 peak increased similarly in C and in DM 2 after AET. In the basal period and after AET, both DM 2 and C did not differ according to TG, HDL-c, insulin and HOMA index. HbA1c and glycemia were higher in DM 2 before and after AET. Before AET TC and LDL-c was lower in DM 2 than in C. After AET, TC and LDL-c was similar between C and DM 2. In the presence of HDL3 lag time and MCD was similar in C and DM 2, but only in DM 2 AET improved lag time and reduce MCD. HDL3 composition was similar in DM 2 and C after AET. In the presence HDL2 lag time was lower in DM 2 than in C in the basal period, but did not differ after AET. MCD was lower in DM 2 after AET. HDL2 had less total and free cholesterol in DM 2 than in C but differences vanished after AET. After training plasma TBARS concentration was reduced in DM 2 alone. Training did not modify the total antioxidant status and serum paraoxonase-1 activity in both groups. AET reduces lipid peroxides in plasma, corrects the HDL2 and improves the HDL3 antioxidant effects in DM 2 subjects. These events were independent of changes in insulin resistance and plasma HDL concentration and composition

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-131).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2000. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-131).

Portadores de diabetes parecem ter mais queixas de olho seco do que o resto da população. Acredita-se que isto possa estar associado a uma forma de neuropatia diabética expressa por uma redução na sensibilidade corneana desses pacientes. Nossos principais objetivos neste estudo foram avaliar a influência da diabetes melito tipo 2 na sensibilidade corneana central e verificar se há uma associação entre a sensibilidade corneana central e a síndrome do olho seco em indivíduos com a doença. Assim, 62 portadores de diabetes tipo 2 foram submetidos a um exame oftalmológico de rotina, a uma ceratoestesiometria e a testes específicos para avaliar olho seco e polineuropatia distal simétrica. Num outro grupo, 20 voluntários saudáveis tiveram seus olhos avaliados da mesma forma, exceto pela não realização dos testes específicos para disfunção lacrimal. Entre os indivíduos diabéticos avaliados, foram observados 53.2% com hipoestesia corneana, 54.2% com retinopatia diabética, 45.9% com polineuropatia distal simétrica e 51.6% com a síndrome do olho seco. Entre os principais achados, observamos associações significativas envolvendo: diabetes tipo 2 e hipoestesia corneana central, síndrome do olho seco e hipoestesia corneana central, produção lacrimal reflexa (avaliada pelo teste de Schirmer II) e sensibilidade corneana central e retinopatia diabética proliferativa e sensibilidade corneana central. Uma possível associação foi encontrada envolvendo síndrome do olho seco retinopatia diabética proliferativa. Os autores discutem os resultados obtidos e os mecanismos envolvidos. / Diabetes bearers seem to have more complaints of dry eye than the rest of the population. It`s believed that this fact might be associated to a kind of diabetes neuropathy wich is represented by a reduction in corneal sensibility of these patients. Our main target in this study was to evaluate the influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in central corneal sensibility and to determine if there is an association among central corneal sensibility and the dry eye syndrome in individuals suffering of this disease. Therefore, 62 type 2 diabetic patients were submitted to an ophthalmological routine examination, to corneal esthesiometry and to specific tests to evaluate dry eye and peripheral polineurophaty. In other group, 20 healthy volunteers had their eyes evaluated in the same way, except for the non accomplishment of the specific tests for dry eye. Among the examined diabetic individuals, 53.2% had corneal hypoesthesia, 54.2% presented diabetic retinopathy, 45.9% presented periferal polineuropathy and 51.6% presented the dry eye syndrome. Among the main findings, we observed associations between: type 2 diabetes and central corneal hypoesthesia, dry eye syndrome and central corneal hypoesthesia, reflex tear production (evaluated by Schirmer 2 test) and central corneal esthesiometry and also between proliferative diabetic retinopathy and central corneal sensibility. A possible association was found involving dry eye syndrome and proliferative diabetic retinophaty. The authors discuss the results obtained and the involved mechanisms.

Portadores de diabetes parecem ter mais queixas de olho seco do que o resto da população. Acredita-se que isto possa estar associado a uma forma de neuropatia diabética expressa por uma redução na sensibilidade corneana desses pacientes. Nossos principais objetivos neste estudo foram avaliar a influência da diabetes melito tipo 2 na sensibilidade corneana central e verificar se há uma associação entre a sensibilidade corneana central e a síndrome do olho seco em indivíduos com a doença. Assim, 62 portadores de diabetes tipo 2 foram submetidos a um exame oftalmológico de rotina, a uma ceratoestesiometria e a testes específicos para avaliar olho seco e polineuropatia distal simétrica. Num outro grupo, 20 voluntários saudáveis tiveram seus olhos avaliados da mesma forma, exceto pela não realização dos testes específicos para disfunção lacrimal. Entre os indivíduos diabéticos avaliados, foram observados 53.2% com hipoestesia corneana, 54.2% com retinopatia diabética, 45.9% com polineuropatia distal simétrica e 51.6% com a síndrome do olho seco. Entre os principais achados, observamos associações significativas envolvendo: diabetes tipo 2 e hipoestesia corneana central, síndrome do olho seco e hipoestesia corneana central, produção lacrimal reflexa (avaliada pelo teste de Schirmer II) e sensibilidade corneana central e retinopatia diabética proliferativa e sensibilidade corneana central. Uma possível associação foi encontrada envolvendo síndrome do olho seco retinopatia diabética proliferativa. Os autores discutem os resultados obtidos e os mecanismos envolvidos. / Diabetes bearers seem to have more complaints of dry eye than the rest of the population. It`s believed that this fact might be associated to a kind of diabetes neuropathy wich is represented by a reduction in corneal sensibility of these patients. Our main target in this study was to evaluate the influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in central corneal sensibility and to determine if there is an association among central corneal sensibility and the dry eye syndrome in individuals suffering of this disease. Therefore, 62 type 2 diabetic patients were submitted to an ophthalmological routine examination, to corneal esthesiometry and to specific tests to evaluate dry eye and peripheral polineurophaty. In other group, 20 healthy volunteers had their eyes evaluated in the same way, except for the non accomplishment of the specific tests for dry eye. Among the examined diabetic individuals, 53.2% had corneal hypoesthesia, 54.2% presented diabetic retinopathy, 45.9% presented periferal polineuropathy and 51.6% presented the dry eye syndrome. Among the main findings, we observed associations between: type 2 diabetes and central corneal hypoesthesia, dry eye syndrome and central corneal hypoesthesia, reflex tear production (evaluated by Schirmer 2 test) and central corneal esthesiometry and also between proliferative diabetic retinopathy and central corneal sensibility. A possible association was found involving dry eye syndrome and proliferative diabetic retinophaty. The authors discuss the results obtained and the involved mechanisms.