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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Biomarker Discovery in Diabetic Nephropathy by Targeted Metabolomics

Lundin, Ulrika January 2008 (has links)
Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney disease and one of the more severe complications from diabetes mellitus type 2. The glomerular and tubular dysfunctions usually lead to end stage renal disease and the treatments of these patients (dialysis, kidney transplants) are a huge economic burden for the society. Due to an epidemiologic increase of type 2 diabetes, conventional diagnostic markers like creatinine and albumin are not sufficient, since they are only able to identify already existing kidney damage. With targeted metabolomics, the analysis of small molecules produced from metabolism, this project aimed at finding novel and more sensitive metabolic biomarkers from several different classes of metabolites. The different assays were performed with flow injection analysis, high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, and with principal component analysis and discriminant analysis, up-and down-regulated metabolites could be identified and their respective biochemical pathways, if possible, explained. In diabetics significantly elevated concentrations of very long chain fatty acids (impaired peroxisomal β-oxidation), urinary sugars and acylcarnitines in plasma could be recognized. Markers indicating kidney damage included significantly increased plasma concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (inhibition of nitric oxide synthase resulting in decreased endothelial functionality) and histamine (indication of uremic pruritus). Oxidative stress was also found to be a potential prognostic marker as indicated by the raised methionine-sulfoxide to methionine ratio in nephrotic patients. To summarize, this project succeeded in identifying metabolic biomarkers both for diabetes type 2 and nephropathy, which in the future might become important tools in slowing down progression or diagnosing these diseases.
22

The Effects Of Selenium On Stz-induced Diabetic Rat Kidney Plasma Membrane

Gurbanov, Rafig 01 January 2010 (has links) (PDF)
The kidney is one of the most affected organs of body from diabetes. Diabetic kidney disease is a complication of diabetes seen in 30-40% of diabetic person. The aim of this work is to contribute the useful information in the therapy of diabetes. It is very important to know the role of antioxidants at the molecular level during diabetes. The protecting role of antioxidants against lipid peroxidation, the effect of cellular antioxidant enzyme systems, understanding the changes of membrane fluidity, lipid order and protein structure which are resulted from antioxidant treatment, determining the effective therapeutic dose with the help of biochemical methods are very important in order to understand the effect of antioxidants at molecular level. In this thesis work, the Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was used in order to study the diabetic kidney disease at the molecular level, which is encountered as a complication of diabetes. Furthermore, the protecting and possible therapeutic role of selenium in the course of diabetic kidney disease was investigated. To conclude, the kidney plasma membranes were severely deteriorated due to diabetes with respect to its lipid, protein and carbohydrate structure and content, which were corrected after selenium treatment. The diabetes causes diminishment of whole membrane fluidity, which was normalized with the selenium administration. This is the first study demonstrating the effect of diabetes on kidney plasma membrane and the effect of selenium on stz-induced diabetic kidney plasma membranes using spectroscopic tools. The study revealed serious therapeutic and preventing capacities of selenium on diabetic kidney plasma membranes which needs confirmation of future researches. Furthermore, the dosage of selenium given to diabetics should be investigated in detail and proved with biochemical and clinical data.
23

Biomarker Discovery in Diabetic Nephropathy by Targeted Metabolomics

Lundin, Ulrika January 2008 (has links)
<p>Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney disease and one of the more severe complications from diabetes mellitus type 2. The glomerular and tubular dysfunctions usually lead to end stage renal disease and the treatments of these patients (dialysis, kidney transplants) are a huge economic burden for the society. Due to an epidemiologic increase of type 2 diabetes, conventional diagnostic markers like creatinine and albumin are not sufficient, since they are only able to identify already existing kidney damage. With targeted metabolomics, the analysis of small molecules produced from metabolism, this project aimed at finding novel and more sensitive metabolic biomarkers from several different classes of metabolites. The different assays were performed with flow injection analysis, high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, and with principal component analysis and discriminant analysis, up-and down-regulated metabolites could be identified and their respective biochemical pathways, if possible, explained. In diabetics significantly elevated concentrations of very long chain fatty acids (impaired peroxisomal β-oxidation), urinary sugars and acylcarnitines in plasma could be recognized. Markers indicating kidney damage included significantly increased plasma concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (inhibition of nitric oxide synthase resulting in decreased endothelial functionality) and histamine (indication of uremic pruritus). Oxidative stress was also found to be a potential prognostic marker as indicated by the raised methionine-sulfoxide to methionine ratio in nephrotic patients. To summarize, this project succeeded in identifying metabolic biomarkers both for diabetes type 2 and nephropathy, which in the future might become important tools in slowing down progression or diagnosing these diseases.</p>
24

Podocytopenia in Diabetic Nephropathy: A Role for the Thromboxane A2 TP Receptor

Bugnot, Gwendoline Carine Denise 15 April 2013 (has links)
Although the etiology of diabetic nephropathy is still uncertain, proteinuria due to podocyte injury and loss (podocytopenia) are early features of the disease. Significant increases in thromboxane A2 (TXA2) production as well as expression of its receptor in animal models of diabetic nephropathy led to the hypothesis that TXA2 acting via its thromboxane-prostanoid (TP) receptor induces podocytopenia resulting in proteinuria. Systemic infusion of a TP antagonist demonstrated an important role of TXA2/TP signalling in our model of streptozotocin induced type-1 diabetic nephropathy by reducing kidney damage including proteinuria. Podocyte specific TP overexpressing mice did not demonstrate more pathologic or dynamic kidney damage than non-transgenic mice in STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy. Further assessment of the TP transgene functionality in this mice line is necessary to validate those results. Whereas the importance of TXA2/TP signalling is undeniable in diabetic nephropathy, it appears that podocyte TP receptors might not be directly targeted.
25

Expressão gênica de proteínas do podócito na urina de pacientes diabéticos normo, micro ou macroalbuminúricos e em pré diabeticos

Nascimento, Jonathan Fraportti do January 2012 (has links)
Introdução: A lesão do podócito exerce um papel crítico na nefropatia diabética (ND) e é um fator preditivo de albuminúria patológica e progressão da doença. Neste estudo foi avaliada a expressão gênica de proteínas associadas ao podócito na urina de pacientes diabéticos em diferentes estágios da ND e em indivíduos com pré diabetes. Material e Métodos: Foram estudados 67 pacientes diabéticos com normo (n=34), micro (n=14) ou macroalbuminúria (n=19), dezenove indivíduos pré diabéticos e 15 controles saudáveis. O RNAm de nefrina, podocina, podocalixina, sinaptopodina, Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel 6 (TRPC6), alfa actinina-4 e TGF1 foi quantificado por PCR em tempo real (2-ΔΔCt) em células do sedimento urinário. A expressão dos genes alvo do podócito foi correlacionada com albuminúria, controle glicêmico e função renal. O desempenho diagnóstico dos genes para albuminúria patológica foi determinado por curva ROC, e o seu efeito independente sobre esse desfecho foi avaliado por análise de regressão de Poisson. Resultados: O RNAm na urina dos genes alvo foi significativamente maior nos pacientes diabéticos em comparação aos não diabéticos, exceto de sinaptopodina e TGFβ1. A expressão de nefrina foi mais elevada nos indivíduos diabéticos micro e macroalbuminúricos comparado aos controles (p=0,04 e p<0,001 respectivamente), pré diabéticos (p<0,05) e normoalbuminúricos (p<0,05). Embora sua expressão tenha sido maior do que nos não diabéticos, os genes TRPC6, podocalixina e alfa actinina-4 não discriminaram os estágios da ND. A correlação da expressão dos genes com albuminúria e hemoglobina glicada foi estatisticamente significativa. Pacientes pré diabéticos tiveram expressão gênica semelhante aos controles. Na análise multivariada, apenas o gene da nefrina foi preditivo de albuminúria patológica. 6 Conclusões: A expressão das proteínas associadas ao podócito na urina foi maior nos pacientes diabéticos, mas não houve correlação direta do RNAm dos genes com níveis crescentes de albuminúria, exceto de nefrina. O gene da nefrina foi o único que discriminou os diferentes estágios da ND e foi preditivo de albuminúria patológica, mas a podocalixina e o TRPC6 também se correlacionaram com albuminúria e controle glicêmico. Neste estudo preliminar não se identificou aumento da expressão gênica das proteínas do podócito na urina em indivíduos com pré diabetes. / Introduction: Podocyte damage plays a critical role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The present study evaluated gene expression of podocyte-associated proteins in urine of pre-diabetic and diabetic patients at different stages of DN. Material and Methods: We studied 19 pre-diabetic patients, 67 diabetic patients with normo (n = 34), micro (n = 15), or macroalbuminuria (n = 19), and 15 healthy controls. Levels of mRNA of nephrin, podocin, podocalyxin, synaptopodin, transient receptor potential cation channel 6 (TRPC6), alpha-actinin-4, and TGF-1 were quantitatively measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction in urinary sediment. Gene expression was correlated with albuminuria, glycemic control, and renal function. The diagnostic performance of the genes for detecting pathological albuminuria was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Poisson regression. Results: The mRNA expression of target genes in urinary sediment was significantly higher in diabetic compared to pre-diabetic patients and controls. Levels of nephrin were higher in diabetic patients with micro or macroalbuminuria than controls (p= 0.04 and p<0.001, respectively), pre-diabetic (p<0.05), and diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria (p<0.05), and increased with increasing rates of albuminuria. Gene expression was similar in pre-diabetic patients and controls. There was a significant positive correlation of gene expression with albuminuria and glycated hemoglobin. In the multivariate analysis, only nephrinuria predicted pathological albuminuria. Conclusions: The expression of podocyte-associated proteins in urine was higher in diabetic patients, but only nephrin correlated with increasing albuminuria and predicted 8 pathological albuminuria. This preliminary study did not find increased gene transcription in pre-diabetic patients.
26

Atenuação do descenso noturno na predição do início da albuminúria em diabéticos tipo 1 / Attenuation of night dreams in the prediction of the beginning of albuminuria in diabetics type 1

Silva, Bruno Alves 23 February 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Bruno Alves Silva (bruno-alves85@hotmail.com) on 2018-03-09T03:49:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 modelo tese .pdf: 800649 bytes, checksum: 2fda907f3035e22e2a929fbb1d961881 (MD5) / Rejected by Luciana Pizzani null (luciana@btu.unesp.br), reason: Necessário fazer as seguintes correções no arquivo submetido: problema 1: ficha catalográfica A ficha deve ser incluída no arquivo PDF logo após a folha de rosto do seu trabalho. A submissão deve ser feita em arquivo único em formato PDF. Assim que tiver efetuado a correção submeta o arquivo em PDF novamente. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2018-03-09T11:39:13Z (GMT) / Submitted by Bruno Alves Silva (bruno-alves85@hotmail.com) on 2018-03-09T14:28:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 modelo tese 090318.pdf: 830156 bytes, checksum: 9f398d00113918a6efa0118851bebbe4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Pizzani null (luciana@btu.unesp.br) on 2018-03-09T20:34:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ba_me_bot.pdf: 830156 bytes, checksum: 9f398d00113918a6efa0118851bebbe4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-09T20:34:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ba_me_bot.pdf: 830156 bytes, checksum: 9f398d00113918a6efa0118851bebbe4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / A presença de albuminúria constitui fator prognóstico desfavorável nos pacientes diabéticos do tipo 1 e precede a elevação da PA de consultório em três anos. A monitorização ambulatorial de pressão arterial (MAPA) pode identificar a atenuação ou desaparecimento do descenso noturno, o que prediz o risco cardiovascular, independentemente da pressão arterial de 24 h. Entretanto, apenas um estudo avaliou o papel preditivo da atenuação do descenso noturno para o desenvolvimento da albuminúria no diabetes do tipo 1. Assim, o objetivo do corrente trabalho é de avaliar, em coorte brasileira, se o descenso noturno atenuado pode predizer o desenvolvimento de albuminúria no diabetes do tipo 1. Foi realizado estudo observacional prospectivo que visou avaliar o poder preditivo da ausência ou atenuação do descenso noturno em relação ao surgimento de albuminúria em pacientes diabéticos tipo 1 normoalbuminúricos. Os pacientes foram submetidos à MAPA e dosada a albuminúria por mais de 2 vezes. Ao cabo de um ano a albuminúria foi reavaliada. A frequência de evolução para albuminúria ente os pacientes com descenso noturno ausente/atenuado ou presente foi comparada pelo teste de Fisher. As médias de pressão arterial (PA) foram comparadas por teste "t" para amostras independentes. Foi realizada regressão linear para avaliar a associação entre descenso noturno e elevação da albuminúria no seguimento. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 5 %. Foram avaliados 24 pacientes com idade de 24 ±8,2 anos, seis pacientes do sexo masculino. Seis pacientes tinham descenso noturno presente para PA sistólica (PAS) (média de PAS em 24 h: 119±7,5mmHg) destes, apenas um evoluiu para albuminúria. Dos 18 que tinham descenso noturno atenuado para PAS (média de PAS em 24 h: 122±8,4mmHg; p=0,36 em relação aos pacientes descenso noturno presente), 14 evoluíram para albuminúria (p=0,01). Em relação à PA diastólica (PAD), 12 pacientes tinham descenso noturno presente (média de PAD em 24 h: 72±5,2mmHg), destes, 6 evoluíram para albuminúria. Dos outros 12 que tinham descenso noturno ausente (média de PAD em 24 h: 74±5,6mmHg; p=0,31 em relação aos pacientes com descenso noturno presente), 9 evoluíram com microalbuminúria (p=0,40). A porcentagem de descenso noturno da PAS apresentou coeficiente de correlação com a variação da albuminúria de 0,40; p= 0,061. A porcentagem de descenso noturno da PAD apresentou coeficiente de correlação com a variação da albuminúria de 0,46; p=0,027. Em conclusão, a evolução para albuminúria associou-se à classificação descenso noturno atenuado para PAS, mesmo com PAS em 24 horas normal. Ou seja, a atenuação do descenso noturno para PAS precedeu o início da nefropatia diabética incipiente no diabetes do tipo 1. Estes resultados ressaltam a importância da realização da MAPA no momento do diagnóstico, e no seguimento, dos pacientes diabéticos tipo 1. / The presence of albuminuria constitutes an unfavorable prognosis in type 1 diabetic patients and precedes an increase in office BP in three years. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) can identify an attenuation or disappearance of noc-turnal descent, which predicts cardiovascular risk, regardless of blood pressure of 24 h. There is no type 1 diabetes. Thus, the objective of the current evaluation work, in a Brazilian cohort, whether the attenuated nocturnal decline may predict the devel-opment of albuminuria in type 1 diabetes. A prospective observational study was carried out to evaluate the predictive power of the absence or attenuation of the noc-turnal descent in relation to the appearance of albuminuria in type 1 diabetic normoalbuminuric patients. The patients were submitted to ABPM and dosed albu-minuria by more than 2 times. After one year and albuminuria for reassessment. The frequency of progression to albuminuria in patients with absent / attenuated or pre-sent nocturnal descent was compared by Fisher's test. Blood pressure (BP) averag-es were compared by "t" test for independent samples. Linear regression was per-formed to evaluate an association between nocturnal descent and elevated albumi-nuria at follow-up. The level of significance was set at 5%. Twenty-four patients, aged 24 ± 8.2 years, six male patients were evaluated. Six pa-tients had a nocturnal decrease in systolic BP (SBP) (mean SBP in 24 h: 119 ± 7.5 mmHg), only one had progressed to albuminuria. Of the 18 patients who had an at-tenuated nocturnal decrease in SBP (mean SBP at 24 h: 122 ± 8.4 mmHg, p = 0.36 in relation to the patients present at night), 14 developed albuminuria (p = 0.01). In relation to the diastolic BP (DBP), 12 patients had nocturnal decrease present (mean DBP in 24 h: 72 ± 5.2 mmHg), of these, 6 evolved into albuminuria. Of the 12 others who had a nocturnal descent absent (mean PAD at 24 h: 74 ± 5.6 mmHg, p = .31 compared to patients with nocturnal decrease), 9 developed microalbuminuria (p = 0.40). The percentage of nocturnal SBP decrease had a correlation coefficient with albuminuria variation of 0.40; p = 0.061. The percentage of nocturnal decrease in DBP presented a correlation coefficient with albuminuria variation of 0.46; p = 0.027. In conclusion, the progression to albuminuria was associated with an attenuated nocturnal descent for SBP, even with SBP at normal 24 hours. That is, attenuation of nocturnal descent into SBP preceded the onset of incipient diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes. These results suggest that ABPM should be performed at the time of diagnosis and follow-up of type 1 diabetic patients.
27

Expressão gênica de proteínas do podócito na urina de pacientes diabéticos normo, micro ou macroalbuminúricos e em pré diabeticos

Nascimento, Jonathan Fraportti do January 2012 (has links)
Introdução: A lesão do podócito exerce um papel crítico na nefropatia diabética (ND) e é um fator preditivo de albuminúria patológica e progressão da doença. Neste estudo foi avaliada a expressão gênica de proteínas associadas ao podócito na urina de pacientes diabéticos em diferentes estágios da ND e em indivíduos com pré diabetes. Material e Métodos: Foram estudados 67 pacientes diabéticos com normo (n=34), micro (n=14) ou macroalbuminúria (n=19), dezenove indivíduos pré diabéticos e 15 controles saudáveis. O RNAm de nefrina, podocina, podocalixina, sinaptopodina, Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel 6 (TRPC6), alfa actinina-4 e TGF1 foi quantificado por PCR em tempo real (2-ΔΔCt) em células do sedimento urinário. A expressão dos genes alvo do podócito foi correlacionada com albuminúria, controle glicêmico e função renal. O desempenho diagnóstico dos genes para albuminúria patológica foi determinado por curva ROC, e o seu efeito independente sobre esse desfecho foi avaliado por análise de regressão de Poisson. Resultados: O RNAm na urina dos genes alvo foi significativamente maior nos pacientes diabéticos em comparação aos não diabéticos, exceto de sinaptopodina e TGFβ1. A expressão de nefrina foi mais elevada nos indivíduos diabéticos micro e macroalbuminúricos comparado aos controles (p=0,04 e p<0,001 respectivamente), pré diabéticos (p<0,05) e normoalbuminúricos (p<0,05). Embora sua expressão tenha sido maior do que nos não diabéticos, os genes TRPC6, podocalixina e alfa actinina-4 não discriminaram os estágios da ND. A correlação da expressão dos genes com albuminúria e hemoglobina glicada foi estatisticamente significativa. Pacientes pré diabéticos tiveram expressão gênica semelhante aos controles. Na análise multivariada, apenas o gene da nefrina foi preditivo de albuminúria patológica. 6 Conclusões: A expressão das proteínas associadas ao podócito na urina foi maior nos pacientes diabéticos, mas não houve correlação direta do RNAm dos genes com níveis crescentes de albuminúria, exceto de nefrina. O gene da nefrina foi o único que discriminou os diferentes estágios da ND e foi preditivo de albuminúria patológica, mas a podocalixina e o TRPC6 também se correlacionaram com albuminúria e controle glicêmico. Neste estudo preliminar não se identificou aumento da expressão gênica das proteínas do podócito na urina em indivíduos com pré diabetes. / Introduction: Podocyte damage plays a critical role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The present study evaluated gene expression of podocyte-associated proteins in urine of pre-diabetic and diabetic patients at different stages of DN. Material and Methods: We studied 19 pre-diabetic patients, 67 diabetic patients with normo (n = 34), micro (n = 15), or macroalbuminuria (n = 19), and 15 healthy controls. Levels of mRNA of nephrin, podocin, podocalyxin, synaptopodin, transient receptor potential cation channel 6 (TRPC6), alpha-actinin-4, and TGF-1 were quantitatively measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction in urinary sediment. Gene expression was correlated with albuminuria, glycemic control, and renal function. The diagnostic performance of the genes for detecting pathological albuminuria was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Poisson regression. Results: The mRNA expression of target genes in urinary sediment was significantly higher in diabetic compared to pre-diabetic patients and controls. Levels of nephrin were higher in diabetic patients with micro or macroalbuminuria than controls (p= 0.04 and p<0.001, respectively), pre-diabetic (p<0.05), and diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria (p<0.05), and increased with increasing rates of albuminuria. Gene expression was similar in pre-diabetic patients and controls. There was a significant positive correlation of gene expression with albuminuria and glycated hemoglobin. In the multivariate analysis, only nephrinuria predicted pathological albuminuria. Conclusions: The expression of podocyte-associated proteins in urine was higher in diabetic patients, but only nephrin correlated with increasing albuminuria and predicted 8 pathological albuminuria. This preliminary study did not find increased gene transcription in pre-diabetic patients.
28

Inflamação renal e estrese oxidativo em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos antes do desenvolvimento da hipertensão arterial e no diabetes mellitus precoce / Renal inflammation and oxidative stree in spontaneously hypertensive rats before development of hypertension and in early diabetes

Biswas, Subrata Kumar 02 January 2007 (has links)
Orientador: Jose Butori Lopes de Faria / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T17:29:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Biswas_SubrataKumar_D.pdf: 20254617 bytes, checksum: 9fe91cdbab50801be139be21ffdcdfdb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e diabetes mellitus (DM) freqüentementecoexistem em humanos e constituem uma importante causa de nefropatia e de doença renal terminal. Tanto a HAS quanto o DM podem induzir a inflamação renal e o estresse oxidativo, os quais estão implicadosna patogênese da nefropatia. HAS, inflamação renal e estresse oxidativo são eventos altamente interdependentes; e na presença do DM a complexidade deste relacionamento aumenta. Na presente série de estudos nos propusemos investigar a relação entre HAS, inflamação renal e estresse oxidativo na ausência ou presença de DM em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR), um modelo aceito como representativo da HA primária ou essencial. Os estudos foram descritos nos seguintes artigos publicados(ou aceitos): Artigo I: Neste artigo, identificamos a anormalidade primária entre inflamação e estresse oxidativo nos rins de ratos SHR. Inflamação renal e estresse oxidativo foram quantificados em ratos SHR pré-hipertensos de 2 a 3 semanas de idade e em ratos geneticamente normotensos, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), usados como controle. A inflamação renal e o estresse oxidativo estavam nitidamente elevados em ratos SHR de 3 semanas se comparados aos ratos WKY controles. Além disso, observamos evidência de aumento do estresse oxidativo, mas não da inflamação, em ratos SHR de 2 semanas de idade comparados com ratos WKY da mesma idade. Além disso, o emprego de antioxidantes foi capaz de reduzir a inflamação renal em ratos SHR pré-hipertensos.Assim, concluimos que o estresse oxidativo ocorre antes da inflamação como uma alteração primária nos rins de ratos SHRpré-hipertensos. Artigo 11: Neste segundo artigo, investigamos se a presença da HAS modifica a infiltração renal de macrófagos ou o estresse oxidativo em fase precoce de um modelo de DM experimental. Ratos SHR e WKY de 12 semanas de idade foram tornados diabéticos e estudados após 10 dias. Após a indução do DM, o estresse oxidativo renal estava mais elevado em ratos com HAS (SHR), mas não nos ratos controles (WKY) normotensos.Em contrapartida, a infiltração renal de macrófagos estava elevada de forma semelhanteem ambos os grupos, WKYe SHR diabéticos. Neste artigo, concluimos que a combinação do DM e da HAS afeta adversamente o estresse oxidativo renal, mas esta combinação não tem nenhum efeito aditivo na infiltração renal de macrófagos, pelo menos em fase inicial do DM / Abstract: Hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) frequently coexist in human and constitute the most important causes of nephropathy and end-stage renal disease. Both HTN and DM can induce renal inflammation and oxidative stress, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of nephropathy. Systemic HTN, renal inflammation and oxidative stress are highly interdependent events; presence of diabetes adds further complexity to this relationship. The present series of studies were therefore undertaken to investigate the relationship among HTN, renal inflammation and oxidative stress in the absence or presence of experimental diabetes in the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), an established animal model of essential/primary HTN. The studieswere described in detail in the followingpublished (or accepted) papers: Paper I: The paper I identified the primary abnormality between inflammation and oxidative stress in the kidney in SHR. Renal inflammation and oxidative stress were evaluated in 2- and 3-week-old prehypertensive SHR and age-matched genetically normotensive control Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Renal inflammation and oxidative stress were found cIearly elevated in SHR at 3-week of age compared with agematched WKY rats. Additionally,there was an evidence of increased rerial oxidative stress, but not inflammation, in 2-week-old SHR compared with age-matched WKY rats. Moreover, antioxidant treatment reduced renal inflammation in prehypertensive SHR. The paper I therefore concluded that the oxidative stress appears before inflammation as a primary abnormality in the kidney in prehypertensive SHR. Paper 11:The paper 11 investigated whether the presence of HTN modifies renal macrophage infiltration and oxidative stress at the early stage of experimental diabetes. Diabetes was induced in SHR and WKY rats at 12 weeks of age for 10 days. Renal oxidative stress was found elevated in hypertensive SHR, but not in normotensive WKYrats, after induction of diabetes. On the other hand, renal macrophage infiltration was higher in both WKY and SHR groups after induction of diabetes. The paper 11concluded that the combination of diabetes and HTN adversely affects oxidative stress in the kidney, but the combination has no additive effect on renal macrophage infiltration, at least, in early diabetes / Doutorado / Clinica Medica / Doutor em Clínica Médica
29

A hipertensão arterial exacerba o estresse oxidativo em retina de ratos experimentalmente diabeticos / Arterial hypertension exarcebates oxidative stress in retina of experimentally diabetic rats

Pinto, Camila Cerboni 26 June 2007 (has links)
Orientador: Jacqueline Mendonça Lopes de Faria / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T05:59:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pinto_CamilaCerboni_M.pdf: 1986479 bytes, checksum: ded3ea704f4525a18397a43b193730ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A presença de hipertensão arterial (HA) em pacientes com diabetes mellitus (DM) é identificada como o fator de risco independente mais importante para a progressão da retinopatia diabética (RD). O DM por si aumenta o estresse oxidativo na retina tanto em humanos quanto em animais. Contudo, o efeito da combinação da HA e do DM na retina ainda não foi demonstrado. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi investigar o estresse oxidativo na retina de modelo experimental que combina a HA genética e o DM induzido por estreptozotocina. Ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) de 4 semanas de idade e seus controles normotensos (WKY) receberam injeção intravenosa de estreptozotocina para indução do DM. Após 20 dias, os ratos foram sacrificados e os olhos e as retinas foram coletadas. Foi observado aumento na produção de ânion superóxido, avaliada através da quimiluminescência da lucigenina, nos ratos WKY diabéticos em relação aos controles (p<0,03) e os ratos SHR, controles e diabéticos, apresentaram elevada produção de superóxido em relação aos WKY controles (p<0.009). O sistema antioxidante da glutationa (forma reduzida-GSH) apresentou diminuição somente nos animais SHR diabéticos (p<0,04). A nitração de tirosina avaliada por imunohistoquímica para nitrotirosina (NT) foi igualmente elevada nos animais WKY diabéticos e SHR controles comparada com o grupo WKY controle (p<0,03) e foi observado um aumento nos animais SHR diabéticos (p<0,02). O dano do DNA devido ao estresse oxidativo avaliado por imunohistoquímica para 8-hidroxi-2¿-deoxiguanosina (8-OHdG) foi elevado nos animais SHR controles em comparação com os WKY controles (p=0,0003) e foi mais aumentado nos animais SHR diabéticos (p<0,0001). A atividade de NADPH oxidase, avaliada pela expressão de gp91phox e NOX-4, não apresentou alteração na retina dos animais hipertensos e diabéticos. Adicionalmente, a expressão do receptor de AGE, RAGE, não apresentou alteração no período estudado. Os ensaios de western blot para verificar a atividade de NF-kB demonstraram aumento somente nos ratos hipertensos. O DM determina um desequilíbrio precoce entre os sistemas oxidante e antioxidante causando danos à retina e a presença da HA exacerba este efeito. Essas anormalidades podem contribuir para o mecanismo pelo qual a hipertensão arterial agrava a RD / Abstract: The presence of arterial hypertension in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is identified as the most important independent risk factor for progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Independently, diabetes and hypertension increase oxidative stress in the retina both humans and animals. However, the effect of the combination of both hypertension and DM in the retina was never addressed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the oxidative stress in the retina of an experimental model that combines hypertension and DM. Four week old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their normotensive counterpart Wystar Kyoto (WKY) rats were rendered diabetic by intravenous injection of streptozotocin. After 20 days, the rats were sacrificed and the eyes and retinas were collected. The production of superoxide evaluated by enhanced lucigenin method was higher in diabetic than the control WKY (p<0.03) and the SHR rats showed elevated superoxide production in both control and diabetic groups compared with non diabetic WKY (p<0.009). The antioxidant defense system of glutathione (reduced form, GSH), was significantly diminished only in diabetic SHR (p<0.04). Tirosyne nitration evaluated by immunohystochemistry for nitrotyrosine (NT) was equally elevated in both diabetic WKY and control SHY compared with control WKY (p<0.03) and further increment was observed in diabetic SHR group (p<0.02). The DNA damage due oxidative stress evaluated by immunohystochemistry for 8-hydroxy-2¿-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was higher in control SHR than in control WKY (p=0.0003) and further increment was detect in diabetic SHR rats (p<0.0001). The NADPH oxidase activity, evaluated by the retinal expression of gp91phox and NOX-4, was not altered in the retina from hypertensive and diabetic rats. The expression of AGE-receptor (RAGE) was not altered. Western blot assay for NF-kB showed increased in control and diabetic SHR rats. Diabetes determines an early unbalance between oxidant and antioxidant systems leading to damage in the retina and the presence of hypertension exacerbates this effect. These abnormalities may contribute to mechanism by which the hypertension aggravates RD / Mestrado / Ciencias Basicas / Mestre em Clinica Medica
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O papel do polimorfismo metabólico de GSTM1 e GSTT1 na susceptibilidade a nefropatia diabética / The role of metabolic polymorphism of GSTM1 and GSTT1 in the susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy

Lima, Rayane Mendes de 02 March 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-07-13T20:37:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rayane Mendes de Lima - 2016.pdf: 1517541 bytes, checksum: 21e56d88c3ecbe596bbba9be9f3ea87e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-07-14T13:04:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rayane Mendes de Lima - 2016.pdf: 1517541 bytes, checksum: 21e56d88c3ecbe596bbba9be9f3ea87e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-14T13:04:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rayane Mendes de Lima - 2016.pdf: 1517541 bytes, checksum: 21e56d88c3ecbe596bbba9be9f3ea87e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-02 / Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in developed countries and in the literature shows as oxidative stress possibly contributes to the development of the diseases. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of multifunctional enzymes that play an important role in the cellular detoxification and excretion of numerous substances and can also work as one of the antioxidants. The genetic polymorphism of deletion in GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene, when homozygous, show lack of activity of these isoforms, known as null genotype. Looking for a possible relationship between diabetic nephropathy and polymorphisms mentioned above, this study was made for the case-control and genotyping using real-time PCR (qPCR) and melting curve. Clinical and laboratorial data of 65 patients (diagnosed with diabetic nephropathy and were on hemodialysis) and 90 controls were collected through interviews and consultation with medical records (patients) and the results of recent surveys (controls). It was found that in the group if there is a risk associated with deletion polymorphism, where the GSTT1-null genotype (p = 0,0230) causes an increased risk of about 2,9 times in developing the disease (diabetic nephropathy) compared to carriers of the genotype GSTT1-present. There was no association of GSTM1 (p = 0.3860) with susceptibility to disease in this population. Analysis of the influence of the deletion of GSTT1 and GSTM1 about the biochemical and clinical changes in the group case did not result in a significant association in any of the clinical variables analyzed. These results suggest that the GSTM1 deletion polymorphism may be associated with risk of developing the disease, but not with the biochemical changes that were analyzed. Further studies may clarify the relationship of this polymorphism with diabetic nephropathy and help in the treatment of this disease. / A nefropatia diabética é a principal causa de Estágio Final de Doença Renal (ESRD) em países desenvolvidos e evidências tem apontado o estresse oxidativo como unificador de várias vias de dano celulares em condições de hiperglicemia, que resultaria no desenvolvimento e complicações da doença. As glutationa-S-transferases (GSTs) são uma família de enzimas multifuncionais que desempenham um papel importante na desintoxicação celular e eliminação de numerosas substâncias e também pode funcionar como um dos antioxidantes. O polimorfismo genético de deleção nos genes GSTT1 e GSTM1, quando em homozigose, apresentam ausência de atividade dessas isoformas, conhecido como genótipo nulo. Procurando estabelecer uma possível relação entre nefropatia diabética e os polimorfismos acima mencionados, foi feito um estudo por caso-controle e a genotipagem por meio de PCR em tempo real (qPCR) e curva de melting. Dados clínico-laboratoriais de 65 pacientes (diagnosticados com nefropatia diabética e que estavam em hemodiálise) e 90 controles foram coletados, por meio de entrevistas e consulta a prontuários (pacientes) e a resultados de exames recentes (controles). Foi verificado que no grupo caso existe um risco associado ao polimorfismo de deleção, onde o genótipo GSTT1-nulo (p=0,0230) provoca um risco aumentado de aproximadamente 2,9 vezes em desenvolver a doença (nefropatia diabética) em relação aos portadores do genótipo GSTT1-presente. Não houve associação de GSTM1 (p=0,3860) com a susceptibilidade a doença na população estudada. A análise da influência da deleção de GSTT1 e GSTM1 sobre as alterações bioquímicas e clínicas no grupo caso não resultou em uma associação significativa de nenhuma das variáveis clínicas analisadas. Estes resultados sugerem que o polimorfismo de deleção de GSTT1 pode estar associado ao risco de desenvolvimento da doença, mas não com as alterações bioquímicas que foram analisadas. Novos estudos poderão esclarecer a relação desse polimorfismo com a nefropatia diabética e auxiliar no tratamento desta doença.

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