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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Dubbel problematik : socialtjänstens, psykiatrins och beroendevårdens föreställningar om samverkan kring dubbeldiagnostiserade

Callmander, Henrik, Ellingsen, Olov January 2006 (has links)
The essay's aim was to see which attitudes county council's and municipality representatives had about themes like: collaboration and competence in the work around double diagnosed persons. Its objective was to zero in on the attitudes of the representatives regarding a coallocated collaboration project in Stockholm. Also, it sought to find out what attitudes the representatives had about the other representatives attitudes concerning the above mentioned themes. A number of attitudes were presented during the qualitative interviews with the representatives, highlighting which attitudes seemed strongest. Then the interviews were analyzed using meaning condensation and then set against the theory of social representations. The analysis showed that before work with the target group starts, there’s a need for synchronization of the different representatives involved in the collaboration project. It would help bridge those organisations existing cultural differences, which otherwise, creates conflicts within the personnel group. Lastly, the analysis also indicated that the majority of the county council's representatives were in a weak position vis-à-vis the municipality representatives. However, when it comes to the double diagnosed group, it came to the attention of everyone involved in the project that collaboration is critically important.
62

Upplevelser av bemötande vid Ehlers-Danlos syndrom

Jonsson, Carolina January 2018 (has links)
Research shows that individuals who had negative encounters in healthcare had significantly less contact with healthcare. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a challenge to diagnose and treat. Studies have shown that individuals with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome for these reasons avoid healthcare with the risk of worsening of their own health, something that can depend on negative encounters. The purpose of this study is to give a descriptive overview of how people with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome experience encounters in healthcare. The research questions are “Do individuals with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome experience good access to healthcare?” and “How do individuals with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome experience encounters in healthcare?” An electronic survey was distributed through social media via Ehlers-Danlos national association in Sweden. The number of respondents was 521 of an estimated number of 814 adult individuals with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in Sweden. The results show that 477 individuals have experienced offensive or reducing behavior from treating physicians. The majority report bad encounters and low availability in healthcare. The result also shows that it takes approximately 15,28 years to diagnose the condition. / Forskning har visat att individer som upplever negativt bemötande inom vården har mindre vårdkontakt. Ehlers-Danlos syndrom är en utmaning för vården att diagnostisera och behandla vilket en studie visar fört med sig att patienterna undviker vården med sämre hälsa som följd, något som kan bero på erfarenheter av negativt bemötande. Syftet med denna studie är att ge en beskrivning av hur individer med Ehlers-Danlos syndrom upplever bemötande inom primärvården. Två frågeställningar formulerades: Upplever individer med Ehlers-Danlos syndrom god tillgänglighet av vård? och Hur upplever individer med Ehlers-Danlos syndrom bemötande inom primärvården?  En elektronisk enkät skickades ut via sociala medier till patientgrupper med Ehlers-Danlos syndrom där Ehlers-Danlos Riksförbund bistod i distribueringen. Antalet som svarade var 521 stycken av ett estimerat antal om 814 vuxna individer med Ehlers-Danlos syndrom i Sverige. Resultatet visar att 477 individer någon gång upplevt kränkande eller förminskande bemötande av behandlande läkare. Majoriteten rapporterar dåligt bemötande och låg tillgänglighet av tider till primärvården. Resultatet visar dessutom att genomsnittstiden för diagnos ligger på 15,28 år.
63

DRIS para avaliação nutricional de laranjeira pera no Amazonas

Dias, Jairo Rafael Machado 15 March 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-20T12:22:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jairo Rafael Machado Dias.pdf: 849761 bytes, checksum: dca51d3fa3d74a4571094bea16a2073a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-15 / The culture of the sweet orange is characterized by being an activity of great social and economic importance in the state of Amazonas, in Brazil as well, but lacks information related to nutritional standards for the Amazon region. In this sense, the objective was to establish sufficiency range (SR), the critical level (CL) and standards through Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) to assess nutritional status of sweet orange in different phases of development. 120 plots were monitored commercial sweet orange grafted in lemon clove, sampled in citrus-producing region in the Amazon, in the municipalities: Iranduba, Manacapuru, Manaus, Presidente Figueiredo and Rio Preto da Eva between 2010 and 2011. The FS, NC and CND norms for orange fruits with six months of age were established from the set of plots, while the standards for CND orange phase of full flowering and fruit three and six months of age were obtained from orchards with productivity exceeding 25 tonnes ha-1 in the main crop (June 2012). SR, CL and CND standards for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe ), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) were established to sweet oranges in different phases of development. The diagnosis through nutritional standards CND has a low level of agreement compared to nutritional standards proposed by the literature. RS and CL obtained by CND disagree with the CL proposed in the literature for most nutrients. In almost 50% of the plots monitored, P, K, Ca, S, B, Cu and Fe are below critical levels proposed in this paper. The nutritional status of orange varied with foliar sampling period. The concentration of foliar N, P, K and Cu were higher, Ca and Zn in smaller flowering page. It is suggested that the sweet orange has different nutritional requirements among the three phenological stages. / O cultivo da laranjeira Pera caracteriza-se por ser uma atividade de grande importância econômica e social no Amazonas, bem como no Brasil, porém carece de informações relacionadas aos padrões nutricionais para o Estado. Neste sentido, objetivou-se com o presente estudo estabelecer faixa de suficiência (FS), nível crítico (NC) e normas por meio da Diagnose da Composição Nutricional (CND) para avaliação nutricional da laranjeira Pera em diferentes fases fenológicas. Foram monitoradas 120 glebas de laranjeiras Pera enxertadas em limoeiro cravo em fase de produção, amostradas na região produtora de citros no Amazonas, nos municípios de Iranduba, Manacapuru, Manaus, Presidente Figueiredo e Rio Preto da Eva nos anos agrícolas de 2010/2011 e 2011/2012. As FS, NC e normas CND para laranjeiras com frutos de seis meses de idade foram estabelecidas a partir do conjunto das glebas, enquanto que as normas CND para laranjeira na fase de florescimento pleno e com frutos de três e seis meses de idade foram obtidas a partir de pomares com produtividade superior a 25 toneladas ha-1 na safra principal (junho de 2012). FS, NC e normas CND para nitrogênio (N), fósforo (P), potássio (K), cálcio (Ca), magnésio (Mg), enxofre (S), boro (B), cobre (Cu), ferro (Fe), manganês (Mn) e zinco (Zn) foram estabelecidas para laranjeiras Pera em diferentes fases fenológicas. O diagnóstico nutricional por meio de normas CND apresenta baixo grau de concordância comparativamente aos padrões nutricionais propostos pela literatura. FS e NC obtidos pelo CND discordam das FS propostas pela literatura para maioria dos nutrientes. Em quase 50% das glebas monitoradas, P, K, Ca, S, B, Cu e Fe estão abaixo dos níveis críticos propostos neste trabalho. O estado nutricional da laranjeira foi variável com período de amostragem foliar. A concentração foliar de N, P, K e Cu foram maiores, Ca e Zn menores na floração principal. Sugere-se que a laranjeira Pera apresenta exigência nutricional diferente entre os três estágios fenológicos estudados.
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Estudo molecular do desenvolvimento de Puccinia psidii Winter in vitro e no processo de infecção em Eucalyptus grandis / Molecular study of the development of Puccinia psidii Winter in vitro and during its infection in Eucalyptus grandis

Andressa Peres Bini 05 October 2016 (has links)
O Brasil é um dos principais produtores mundiais de Eucalyptus spp., mas a produção dessa cultura tem sido comprometida por perdas causadas pelo fungo Puccinia psidii Winter, agente causal da ferrugem do eucalipto. Compreender os mecanismos moleculares da patogenicidade desse fungo, conhecer a composição química de variedades de Eucalyptus spp. resistentes e suscetíveis ao fitopatógeno e ter em mãos uma ferramenta de diagnóstico precoce da doença são conhecimentos de fundamental importância para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de controle do fitopatógeno. Uma das principais barreiras que limitam o estudo molecular de P. psidii é o fato dessa espécie ser biotrófica obrigatória, tendo seu desenvolvimento in vitro limitado. Estudos de investigação a respeito de fungos biotróficos obrigatórios são realizados principalmente in planta e em estágios tardios da doença, deixando grande parte do conhecimento dos processos iniciais de infecção desconhecidos. Informações a respeito dos estágios iniciais da infecção, nos quais diversas estruturas típicas são formadas e podem indicar importantes características sobre fungos biotróficos, são de difícil acesso em estudos in planta em função da grande quantidade de material vegetal em relação à quantidade de material do fitopatógeno, que não é passível de ser removido completamente das amostras analisadas. Dessa forma, o presente projeto de pesquisa foi realizado com os objetivos de desenvolver um protocolo para induzir a germinação e a morfogênese estrutural in vitro de P. psidii, identificar genes candidatos relacionados à diferenciação das estruturas de infecção e de fatores de virulência, caracterizar os metabólitos presentes nas ceras cuticulares de folhas de Eucalyptus grandis resistentes e suscetíveis à ferrugem do eucalipto e desenvolver uma metodologia sensível e eficaz para detectar, quantificar e monitorar a presença de P. psidii em folhas de Eucalyptus grandis assintomáticas. Os dados obtidos no presente trabalho podem auxiliar a compreensão da interação planta-patógeno durante os estágios iniciais de infecção da ferrugem e colaboram para o entendimento da biologia do fitopatógeno para que no futuro sejam desenvolvidas melhores estratégias de controle de P. psidii em plantios de eucalipto. / Brazilian production of Eucalyptus spp. is one of the greatest in the world but it has been affected by Puccinia psidii Winter, the causal agent of eucalyptus rust. The comprehension of molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity and chemical composition of resistant and susceptible eucalyptus plants as well as having a molecular tool for early detection of the disease in field can be used for the development of improved control strategies against this phytopathogen. Molecular studies of P. psidii is limited because it is an obligate biotrophic fungus with limited in vitro development. Biotrophic fungi investigations are made mainly in planta at late developmental stages of the disease. This way, most information of early stages of infection as the development of specialized structures of biotrophic fungi are little understood. The study of early stages of the infection process of biotrophic fungi in planta is hampered by the high amount of plant material in relation to fungi material which is difficult to be obtained in an isolated form for analysis. In this work we developed a protocol to increase in vitro germination and structural differentiation of P. psidii and used this protocol to obtain isolated fungi material for the identification of candidate genes related with virulence factors and initial structural morphogenesis. Moreover, we analyzed the composition of metabolites present in the cuticular wax of leaves from resistant and susceptible E. grandis plants and developed a methodology for the detection of P. psidii in asymptomatic leaves of Eucalyptus grandis. Data obtained in this work help the comprehension of E. grandis-P.psidii interaction at early stages of the infection process and can be used for the development of improved control strategies of eucalyptus rust.
65

Tehohoitotyön mallin kehittäminen ja arviointi

Pyykkö, A. (Anita) 07 April 2004 (has links)
Abstract A model of intensive care nursing of patients and their significant others compatible with a data system was developed and evaluated by using an action research approach in 1997-2001. The study was carried out in Oulu University Hospital's ICUs for emergency and postoperative care and internal medicine. At stage I of the study, the model of intensive care nursing was developed and pilot-tested by collecting questionnaire data from the nurses who participated in the action research group (N = 14), from the texts produced by small groups made out of the action research group and the whole group (N = 33), by audio-recording oral report sessions (N = 57) and by using the researcher's written notes. The data for pilot testing were collected on a form from nursing documents (N = 17) and on a questionnaire from nurses (N = 11). The research data were analysed with methods of inductive and deductive content analysis. At stage II, the model was made compatible with the ICU data system. At stage III, the validity of the model was evaluated by analysing patient data drawn from the emergency and postoperative ICU's data system (N = 1464) and patient records filed by the researcher (N = 30). The patients' needs for nursing and the quantitative needs for staff were compared between the model of intensive care nursing and the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS) based on the patient data drawn from the data systems of the emergency (N = 253) and postoperative (N = 579) ICU. The data were analysed using statistical methods and methods of content analysis. The model of intensive care nursing includes nursing diagnoses of the changes in the patient's vital functions, the restrictions and experiences caused by the disease and its treatment and the significant others' distress, the nursing to meet the severity of the health problems, the nursing interventions and the outcomes of nursing as well as the nursing workload. Based on the validity assessment, the model differentiated between the nursing interventions needed by the patients in different admission types and with different severity scores (p < 0.001). The model also provided a good prediction of the patients' risk of death (ROC 0.86-0.91). Contrary to TISS, the model gave higher nursing workload scores and a greater need for staff for the patients who were more ill on admission, and whose hospital stay was longer and mortality higher. The model can be used as a starting-point in developing evidence-based middle-range theory, which will provide a basis for demonstrating the efficacy of nursing in patients' overall care. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksessa kehitetään ja arvioidaan tietojärjestelmään soveltuva potilaan ja hänen läheistensä hoitotyötä kuvaava tehohoitotyön malli toimintatutkimuksen lähestymistapaa noudattaen vuosina 1997-2001. Tutkimusyhteisöinä toimivat Oulun yliopistollisen sairaalan päivystysalueen, postoperatiivinen ja sisätautien teho-osastot. Tutkimuksen I-vaiheessa kehitettiin ja esitestattiin tehohoitotyön malli keräämällä tutkimusaineisto kyselylomakkeen avulla toimintatutkimusryhmään osallistuneilta hoitajilta (N = 14), toimintatutkimusryhmästä muodostettujen pienryhmien ja toimintatutkimusryhmän tuottamista kirjallisista aineistoista (N = 33), äänittämällä raporttitilanteita (N = 57) ja tutkijan kirjallisista muistiinpanoista. Esitestausaineisto kerättiin lomakkeella hoitotyön dokumenteista (N = 17) ja kyselylomakkeella hoitajilta (N = 11). Tutkimusaineistot analysoitiin induktiivisella ja deduktiivisella sisällönanalyysillä. II-vaiheessa yhteensovitettiin malli tehotietojärjestelmään. III-vaiheessa arvioitiin mallin luotettavuutta päivystysalueen ja postoperatiivisen osaston tietojärjestelmästä kerätyn potilasaineiston (N = 1464) ja tutkijan arkistoitujen potilasasiakirjojen (N = 30) analyysien avulla. Potilaiden hoitoisuutta ja hoitohenkilökunnan määrällistä tarvetta verrattiin tehohoitotyön mallin ja Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System-luokituksen (TISS) kesken tietojärjestelmästä kerätyn päivystysalueen (N = 253) ja postoperatiivisen (N = 579) teho-osaston potilasaineiston perusteella. Tutkimusaineisto analysoitiin tilastollisin menetelmin ja sisällönanalyysin avulla. Tehohoitotyön malli kuvaa potilaan elintoimintojen muutoksiin, sairauden ja sen hoidon tuomiin rajoituksiin ja kokemuksiin sekä läheisten hätään liittyviä hoitotyön diagnooseja, terveysongelmien vaikeusasteita vastaavaa hoitotyötä, hoitotyön toimintoja ja hoitotyön tuloksia sekä hoitoisuutta. Luotettavuustutkimuksen mukaan malli erotteli tulotyypiltään ja sairauden vaikeusasteiltaan erilaisten potilaiden hoitotyötä (p < 0.001). Mallin avulla voitiin kuvata hyvin potilaiden kuoleman riskiä (ROC 0.86-0.91). Malli antoi suuremmat hoitoisuuspisteet ja henkilökunnan määrällisen tarpeen päinvastoin kuin TISS potilaille, jotka olivat tulovaiheessa sairaampia ja joiden hoitoaika oli pitkä ja kuolleisuus suuri. Mallia voidaan käyttää lähtökohtana näyttöön perustuvan keskitason teorian kehittämiseen, jolla voidaan antaa perusteet osoittaa tehohoitotyön vaikuttavuutta potilaan kokonaishoidossa.
66

An exploration of how persons with psychiatric diagnoses experience care as a patient within general health care : A literature review / En utforskning av hur personer med psykiatriska diagnoser upplever vård som patient inom allmän hälso- och sjukvård : En litteraturstudie

Songcome Berglund, Charita, Buenaflor Granada, Stephanie January 2021 (has links)
Background: Statistics reveal that approximately 10.7% of the global population have mental health disorders. In Sweden, 14% of persons with psychiatric diagnoses have had direct contact with a registered nurse. Based on studies, it is evident that registered nurses experience a lack of knowledge regarding psychiatric diagnoses, which negatively affects their ability to provide person-centered care. Furthermore, there is also a desire among registered nurses for increased knowledge regarding psychiatric diagnoses. The aim of this study was to explore how persons with psychiatric diagnoses experience care as a patient within general health care. Method: A literature review based on qualitative research results was performed and data were analyzed through a content analytical technique. It emerged three themes in the results: (1) Feeling subjected to prejudice, (2) Variations in the quality of support, and (3) Impression of the environment. The themes are presented with two sub-themes each. The participants’ experiences were mostly negative, grounded in discrimination, lack of support and knowledge from caregivers, and stressful surroundings. Conclusion: This study highlights persons with psychiatric diagnoses experiences within the general health care setting. Results can give an insight into how a registered nurse can provide a better person-centered. / Bakgrund: Statistik visar att ungefär 10,7% av världens befolkning har en psykiatrisk diagnos. I Sverige har 14% av personer med psykiatriska diagnoser haft direktkontakt med en grundutbildad sjuksköterska. Tidigare forskning visar att det finns en upplevd kunskapsbrist bland grundutbildade sjuksköterskor angående psykiatriska diagnoser, vilket påverkar deras förmåga att ge personcentrerad vård negativt. Forskning visar även på att det finns en önskan för utökad kunskap om psykiatriska diagnoser bland grundutbildade sjuksköterskor. Syfte: Att utforska hur personer med psykiatriska diagnoser upplever vård som patient inom allmän hälso-och sjukvård. Metod: En litteraturstudie baserade på kvalitativa forskningsresultat utfördes, och data analyserades med en innehållsanalytisk teknik. I resultatet framkom tre teman: (1) Känsla av att vara utsatt för fördomar, (2) Variationer i kvalitén av stöd, och (3) Intryck av omgivningen. Teman presenteras med två underteman var. Upplevelserna var mestadels negativa baserade på diskriminering, brist på stöd och förståelse, samt stressig miljö. Konklusion: Den här litteraturstudien belyser personer med psykiatriska diagnosers upplevelse av vård. Resultatet kan ge en inblick i hur en grundutbildad sjuksköterska kan ge personcentrerad vård.
67

Automated methods in the diagnosing of retinal images

Jönsson, Marthina January 2012 (has links)
This report contains a summation of a variety of articles that have been read and analysed. Each article describes different methods that can be used to detect lesions, optic disks, drusen and exudates in retinal images. I.e. diagnose e.g. Diabetic Retinopathy and Age-Related Macular Degeneration. A general approach is presented, which all methods more or less is based on. Methods to locate the optic disk The PCA  kNN Regression Hough Transform Fuzzy Convergence Vessel Direction Matched Filter Etc. The best method based on result, reliability, number of images and publisher is kNN regression. The result of this method is remarkably good and that brings some doubt about its reliability. Though the method was published at IEEE and that gives the method a more trustful look. A next best method which also is very useful is Vessel Direction Matched Filter. Methods to detect drusen – diagnose Age-Related Macular Degeneration PNN classifier Histogram approach Etc. The best method based on result, reliability, number of images and publisher is the PNN classifier. The method had a sensitivity of 94 % and a specificity of 95 %. 300 images were used in the experiment which was published by the IEEE in 2011. Methods to detect exudates – diagnose Diabetic Retinopathy Morphological techniques Luv colour space, Wiener filter an Canny edge detector. The best method based on result, reliability, number of images and publisher is an experiment called “Feature Extraction”. The method includes the Luv colour space, Wiener filter (remove noise) and the Canny edge detector. / Den här rapporten innehåller en sammanfattning av ett flertal artiklar som har blivit studerade. Varje artikel har beskrivit en metod som kan användas för att upptäcka sjuka förändringar i ögonbottenbilder, det vill säga, åldersförändringar i gula fläcken och diabetisk retinopati. Metoder för att lokalisera blinda fläcken PCA kNN regression Hough omvandling Suddig konvergens Filtrering beroende på kärlens riktning Mm. Den bästa metoden baserat på resultat, pålitlighet, antal bilder och utgivare är kNN regression. De förvånansvärt goda resultaten kan inbringa lite tvivel på huruvida resultaten stämmer. Artikeln publicerades dock av IEEE och det gör artikeln mer trovärdig. Den näst bästa metoden är filtrering beroende på kärlens riktning. Metoder för att diagnosticera åldersförändringar i gula fläcken PNN klassificeraren Histogram Mm. Den bästa metoden baserat på resultat, pålitlighet, antal bilder och utgivare är PNN klassificeraren. Metoden hade en sensitivitet på 94 % och en specificitet på 95 %. 300 bilder användes i experimentet som publicerades av IEEE år 2011. Metoder att diagnosticera diabetisk retinopati Morfologiska tekniker Luv colour space, Wiener filter and Canny edge detector. Den bästa metoden baserat på resultat, pålitlighet, antal bilder och utgivare är ett experimentet som heter ”Feature Extraction”. Experimentet inkluderar Luv colour space, Wiener filter (brus borttagning) och Canny edge detector
68

Schopnost posouzení závažnosti osobnostní psychopatologie na základě Strukturovaného interview organizace osobnosti (STIPO) u magisterských studentů adiktologie / Ability to assess the severity of personality psychopathology based on the Structured Interview of Personality Organization (STIPO) in master students of addictology

Riegel, Karel Dobroslav January 2021 (has links)
Background: With the development of multidisciplinary addictology teams, the ability of an addictologist to reliably assess personality psychopathology can be considered an important prerequisite that significantly enters the process of treatment planning. Because the addictologist is often the first professional to come into contact with the client, verification of the accuracy of clinical judgment seems to be one of the key indicators of addictologist competence. Aims: Verification of the reliability and validity of the clinical assessment of personality psychopathology in master students of addictology based on the course on scoring the Structured Interview of Personality Organization (STIPO). Methods: 31 master students of addictology independently evaluated 7 protocols of the STIPO on the basis of recordings. The presented patients were unknown to the students. Data was collected as part of the STIPO scoring course. The resulting scores of students were compared with: 1. the expert scores of a clinical psychologist with many years of experience with the STIPO; 2. the scores of 4 other psychologists without previous experience with the STIPO who attended the course; 3. information on previous clinical experience and previous education of the students. The comparison of scores was performed by...
69

Associations entre la santé mentale et les perceptions liées au sommeil pédiatrique au sein de différentes populations

Chénier-Leduc, Gabrielle 08 1900 (has links)
Thèse de doctorat présenté en vue de l'obtention du doctorat en psychologie - recherche intervention, option psychologie clinique (Ph.D) / This thesis examines the association between parental perceptions of pediatric sleep and mental health in general and clinical populations at different developmental stages. The first objective of the thesis is to evaluate parental perceptions of infant sleep in the general population. The first study investigates sleep arrangements (solitary and co-sleeping) in relation to parental well-being, using depressive symptoms questionnaires completed by both parents individually. Results reveal that mothers and fathers of the same infant have different attitudes regarding their infant's sleep arrangement. Mothers in our sample more often prefer co-sleeping (sharing the bedroom or sleeping area) than fathers. Additionally, regardless of the arrangement chosen, a greater discrepancy between the expected and current sleep arrangement is associated with more depressive symptoms in mothers and fathers. The second objective of the thesis is to study parental perceptions of sleep in a clinical population of preschool-aged children referred to an outpatient child psychiatric clinic. Data was obtained through medical record review as well as through questionnaires completed by one of the child's parents. Results indicate that among children consulting in psychiatry, one in five parents perceives their child's sleep difficulties to reach a critical or clinical level. As hypothesized, specific sleep symptoms vary as a function of psychiatric diagnostic category, suggesting that interventions should be tailored to suit specific conditions. However, having multiple diagnoses is not associated with more sleep problems. Consequently, sleep difficulties are clinically significant as soon as a single diagnosis is present. This thesis highlights the important contribution of parental perceptions both as a source of information and as a point of potential intervention to better support sleep and promote the mental health of families in their daily lives. / Cette thèse porte sur l’association entre les perceptions parentales liées au sommeil pédiatrique et la santé mentale, auprès de parents de nourrissons et d’enfants d’âge préscolaires, dans des populations au développement typique et clinique. Le premier objectif de la thèse vise l’étude des perceptions parentales liées au sommeil des nourrissons au développement typique. La première étude porte donc principalement sur les arrangements de sommeil (solitaire et cododo) et leur association avec le bien-être parental. Les résultats montrent que les mères et les pères d’un même couple ont différentes attitudes concernant les arrangements de sommeil de leur nourrisson. En effet, les mères de notre échantillon sont davantage favorables au cododo (partage de la chambre ou de la surface de sommeil) que les pères. De plus, peu importe l’arrangement choisi, une plus grande disparité entre l’arrangement de sommeil attendu et actuel est associée à davantage de symptômes dépressifs chez les mères et les pères. Le deuxième objectif de la thèse est d’étudier les perceptions parentales du sommeil de l’enfant d’âge préscolaire référé vers une consultation externe de pédopsychiatrie afin de préciser le lien entre les diagnostics psychiatriques et la nature des difficultés de sommeil. Les résultats montrent que chez les enfants consultant en psychiatrie, un parent sur cinq perçoit les difficultés de sommeil de son enfant comme atteignant un niveau critique ou clinique selon les scores au CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist). Les résultats soulignent aussi que des difficultés de sommeil spécifiques sont associées aux différentes catégories de diagnostics psychiatriques. Conséquemment, une attention particulière doit être portée au sommeil lorsqu’un enfant consulte en psychiatrie, mais les interventions gagneraient à être adaptées à des catégories de diagnostics psychiatriques spécifiques. Néanmoins, le fait de cumuler plusieurs catégories diagnostiques n’est pas associé à davantage de difficultés de sommeil. Ainsi, les difficultés de sommeil sont importantes dès qu’un diagnostic est posé et l’évaluation du sommeil devrait figurer parmi les pratiques d’intervention auprès de cette clientèle déjà vulnérable. Cette thèse met donc en lumière l’apport important des perceptions parentales à la fois comme source d’information, mais également comme fenêtre d’intervention pour mieux soutenir le sommeil et favoriser la santé mentale des familles dans leur quotidien.
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The Construction of Illness Categories in Medicine and Public Policy: AIDS, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and the Problem of Reification

Roberts, Alexander Nelson January 2017 (has links)
No description available.

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