O objetivo desta Tese de Doutorado é apresentar o resultado de uma pesquisa terminológica monolíngüe descritiva acerca das unidades de conhecimento especializado relacionadas a uma área específica da língua portuguesa denominada gestão pela qualidade total em serviços, por meio da organização desses elementos em um dicionário terminológico. Para a concretização desse objetivo, esclarece-se, primeiramente, a escolha e a justificativa do tema e é apresentado um apanhado histórico que contextualiza a gestão pela qualidade total em manufatura e serviços no mundo e no Brasil. Apresentam-se, ainda, fundamentos teóricos da ciência da Terminologia e a importância desta no mundo globalizado atual. A partir da apresentação das modalidades do trabalho terminológico, percorre-se um ideário teórico que contempla a tipologia de dicionários, o dicionário terminológico e suas especificidades, a estrutura conceitual da área, as unidades de conhecimento especializado oriundas de tradução e suas adaptações à língua portuguesa por meio de seus modos de formação, até a concentração na questão da definição, com o intuito de se apresentar uma base teórica que possa responder às hipóteses levantadas: a gestão pela qualidade total em serviços constitui efetivamente uma área de especialidade em relação à gestão pela qualidade total em manufatura ou é apenas uma subárea dessa? Uma vez que essa filosofia administrativa surge em língua estrangeira, se surgiu, como as unidades de conhecimento especializado se adaptaram à língua portuguesa? Quais teriam sido os modos de formação utilizados nessa adaptação? São expostas, ainda, as informações pertinentes sobre a pesquisa bibliográfica, a recolha das unidades de conhecimento especializado, a ficha/pesquisa terminológica, a estrutura dos verbetes do dicionário e, em seguida, os verbetes que constituem o Dicionário terminológico da gestão pela qualidade total em serviços, apresentado de acordo com o tripé de Deming: o planejamento, o controle e a melhoria da qualidade total. / A descriptive monolingual terminological research concerning terms related to a specific area of the Portuguese language called Total Quality Control in Services is provided. Items have been collected in a Terminological dictionary. Choice and justification of themes and a historical summary that contextualizes Total Quality Control in Services and Manufacturing in Brazil and wordwide are given, together with the theoretical basis of Terminology Science and its importance in a globalized world. Working through modalities of terminology, the author follows a theoretical design covering the typology of dictionaries, the terminological dictionary and its specialties, the problem of the conceptual structure area, units of specialized knowledge from translation and its adaptation to the Portuguese language, from its different modes of formation to the definition problem. It will lead the reader to form a theoretical basis that answers some hypotheses. Is Total Quality Control in Services a true specialty area with regard to Total Quality Control in Manufacturing, or is it merely a subarea? If this administrative philosophy arose within a foreign language, how were the terms adapted to Portuguese? Which were the formation modes employed in the adaptation? Information on bibliographical research, collection of terms, terminological card research, structure of words in the dictionary is also given. Finally, the words in the Terminological Dictionary of Total Quality Control in Services are arranged according to the Deming tripod of planning, control and an improvement in total quality.

Nossa pesquisa apresenta um dicionário terminológico da área de Ortopedia Técnica (responsável pela fabricação de órteses e de próteses ortopédicas) sob uma abordagem lexicográfico-terminológica. Nosso corpus é constituído de 702 termos. O levantamento dos termos foi feito segundo os modelos teóricos da Lexicografia e da Terminologia. As definições foram elaboradas com base nos contextos colhidos de obras específicas sobre a área de Ortopedia Técnica. O dicionário terminológico é organizado em categorias temáticas, sendo que, dentro de tais categorias, os termos estão listados em ordem alfabética. Em seu final, apresentamos um índice remissivo do qual constam todos os termos que foram definidos e a indicação da respectiva página. Nossa pesquisa também apresenta uma análise morfossintático-semântica e pragmática dos termos, assim como dos principais processos de variação e de criação neológica do universo pesquisado / In this research the terminological dictionary of the Technique Orthopedics (responsible for the fabrication of the orthopedic orthestics and prosthetics), is presented using a terminologic and lexicografic approach. The dicionary is made up of 702 terms, wich were identified and collected using lexicographic and terminologic models. In other to make the definitions, contexts were taken from specifd books about Technique Orthopedics. The terminological dictionary is organized into thematic categories, and within each one of them terms are presented in alphabetical order. A remissive index with all terms definied in the dictionary is presented at the end, with indication of the respective page. This research also features a pragmatic, semantic, morphological an syntax analyses of the terms, as well as the mais process of variation and neologic creation featured by the universe of the area

L'apprentissage de dictionnaires à partir de données temporelles est un problème fondamental pour l’extraction de caractéristiques temporelles latentes, la révélation de primitives saillantes et la représentation de données temporelles complexes. Cette thèse porte sur l’apprentissage de dictionnaires pour la représentation parcimonieuse de séries temporelles. On s’intéresse à l’apprentissage de représentations pour la reconstruction, la classification et le clustering de séries temporelles sous des transformations de distortions temporelles. Nous proposons de nouveaux modèles invariants aux distortions temporelles.La première partie du travail porte sur l’apprentissage de dictionnaire pour des tâches de reconstruction et de classification de séries temporelles. Nous avons proposé un modèle TWI-OMP (Time-Warp Invariant Orthogonal Matching Pursuit) invariant aux distorsions temporelles, basé sur un opérateur de maximisation du cosinus entre des séries temporelles. Nous avons ensuite introduit le concept d’atomes jumelés (sibling atomes) et avons proposé une approche d’apprentissage de dictionnaires TWI-kSVD étendant la méthode kSVD à des séries temporelles.Dans la seconde partie du travail, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’apprentissage de dictionnaires pour le clustering de séries temporelles. Nous avons proposé une formalisation du problème et une solution TWI-DLCLUST par descente de gradient.Les modèles proposés sont évalués au travers plusieurs jeux de données publiques et réelles puis comparés aux approches majeures de l’état de l’art. Les expériences conduites et les résultats obtenus montrent l’intérêt des modèles d’apprentissage de représentations proposés pour la classification et le clustering de séries temporelles. / Learning dictionary for sparse representing time series is an important issue to extract latent temporal features, reveal salient primitives and sparsely represent complex temporal data. This thesis addresses the sparse coding and dictionary learning problem for time series classification and clustering under time warp. For that, we propose a time warp invariant sparse coding and dictionary learning framework where both input samples and atoms define time series of different lengths that involve varying delays.In the first part, we formalize an L0 sparse coding problem and propose a time warp invariant orthogonal matching pursuit based on a new cosine maximization time warp operator. For the dictionary learning stage, a non linear time warp invariant kSVD (TWI-kSVD) is proposed. Thanks to a rotation transformation between each atom and its sibling atoms, a singular value decomposition is used to jointly approximate the coefficients and update the dictionary, similar to the standard kSVD. In the second part, a time warp invariant dictionary learning for time series clustering is formalized and a gradient descent solution is proposed.The proposed methods are confronted to major shift invariant, convolved and kernel dictionary learning methods on several public and real temporal data. The conducted experiments show the potential of the proposed frameworks to efficiently sparse represent, classify and cluster time series under time warp.

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo investigar os pressupostos teóricos e técnicos da Conservação por meio da elaboração de uma obra de caráter terminológico estruturada em forma de dicionário técnico. Ao elaborar um dicionário ilustrado de Conservação de documentos gráficos pretende-se divulgar um saber científico específico de forma a padronizar a linguagem empregada pelos profissionais e reduzir a ambiguidade de certos termos especializados. Tal dicionário pretende cobrir grandes conjuntos temáticos deste campo de estudo e alcançar tanto especialistas quanto profissionais de áreas correlatas. O estabelecimento de uma linguagem de especialidade constitui uma exigência para o entendimento epistemológico de determinada área do saber, uma vez que a definição dos termos técnicos científicos utilizados pelos profissionais resulta no desenvolvimento e amadurecimento de um corpus científico consistente e na consolidação da área. / The objective of this dissertation is to investigate the theoretical and methodological principles of Conservation through the elaboration of a terminology work, here conceived as a technical dictionary. By creating an illustrated dictionary of Conservation of graphic documents, it intends to disseminate specific scientific knowledge, helping to standardize the language used by professionals in the field and, thus, minimize the ambiguity regarding specialized terms. It is this dictionarys aim to encompass large theme clusters, reaching specialists as well as professionals in associated areas. The consolidation of specialized vocabulary is a premise for epistemological understanding, since the definition of scientific/technical terms used by professionals leads to the development of consistent bodies of scientific knowledge and, ultimately, strengthens fields of study as a whole.

Henri Basnage de Beauval (1656-1710) est né dans une famille protestante de la noblesse normande. Arrière-petit-fils, petit-fils, neveu, cousin et frère de pasteurs, il choisit pourtant de devenir avocat, à l’instar de son père, Henri Basnage de Franquesnay. Face à l’accélération des persécutions contre sa communauté confessionnelle, il prend la plume pour dénoncer la violation des consciences et proposer une solution pragmatique à son souverain, celle de la tolérance civile des religions. Un an après la publication de son traité, la Révocation de l’édit de Nantes l’oblige à se convertir au catholicisme et ce n’est qu’à l’été 1687 qu’il s’exile en Hollande où il retourne au protestantisme et commence une nouvelle vie. Au Refuge huguenot, il retrouve son frère Jacques Basnage ainsi que le philosophe Pierre Bayle qui lui offre l’opportunité de devenir journaliste et de faire son entrée dans la République des Lettres. Grâce à son Histoire des ouvrages des savans (1687-1709), il participe à la diffusion des connaissances scientifiques et littéraires et s’érige en intermédiaire entre les lettrés européens. Il propose également une révision du Dictionnaire universel d’Antoine Furetière et réédite les œuvres juridiques de son père. Continuant de défendre l’idée que la tolérance civile des religions est la solution la plus acceptable face au morcellement de la chrétienté, il participe également à la controverse inter et intra confessionnelle de son temps, s’opposant en particulier au pasteur Pierre Jurieu. Il décède à La Haye en 1710, loin de sa patrie. Par une approche à la fois sociale, culturelle et intellectuelle, cette biographie interroge les singularités de l’identité d’un huguenot de la fin du XVIIe siècle, mais également la façon dont ce dernier perçoit le monde et se comporte face aux obstacles auxquels il est confronté. / Henri Basnage de Beauval (1656-1710) was born in a protestant family of the Norman nobility. Great grandson, grandson, nephew, cousin and brother of ministers, he nevertheless chooses to become a lawyer like his father, Henri Basnage de Franquesnay. Facing the growing persecutions against his confessional community, he writes to denounce the violation of consciences and propound a pragmatic solution to his king, that of civil tolerance of religions. One year after the publication of his treaty, the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes forces him to convert to Catholicism and it is only during summer 1687 that he exiles himself to Holland where he returns to Protestantism and begins a new life. In the Huguenot Refuge, he finds his brother Jacques Basnage and the philosopher Pierre Bayle who offers him the opportunity to become a journalist and to enter into the Republic of Letters.Thanks to his Histoire des ouvrages des savans (1687-1709), he takes part in the dissemination of scientific and literary knowledge and stands as an intermediary between the European scholars. He also offers a revision of Antoine Furetière’s Dictionnaire universel and republishes his father’s legal works. Continuing to defend the idea that the civil tolerance of religions is the most acceptable solution to face the Christianity fragmentation, he also takes part in the internal and external confessional controversy of his time, opposing in particular the pastor Pierre Jurieu. He dies in The Hague in 1710, far away from his homeland. By a social, cultural and intellectual approach, this biography aims at questioning the singularities of a Huguenot identity at the end of the seventeenth century, but also the way the latter perceives the world and behaves in front of the obstacles he has to face.

Advances in digital technology have recently allowed for richer text annotation in combination with authentic second language video media. As a result, many educational researchers are focusing increased attention on the effect this application of technology can have on second language acquisition. This study examines the comparative effectiveness of target vocabulary treatments with either native language (L1) definitions or target language (L2) definitions when target vocabulary is presented in either kana or kanji as a part of the subtitles of an L2 film based on participant performance on vocabulary assessments. This study also examines the participants' perceived levels of helpfulness of the varying word treatments. The results of the study suggest that providing annotations for target words in the L2 increases learning of that word more than L1 annotations for intermediate learners of Japanese. On the other hand, learners rated access to definitions in L1 as more helpful than L2 definitions, and they expressed their preference for understanding the story more than learning the target vocabulary.

This study applies major principles of cognitive linguistics to the task of developing a novel model of the bilingual dictionary called the dictionary for productive comprehension (DPC). Based on conceptual analysis and coherent network representation of entry words, multi-word expressions, and constructions, the DPC provides access to the conventional linguistic knowledge of native speakers. In seeing linguistic units as contentful symbolic forms, the DPC is designed with a view of language as a lexicogrammatical continuum. By constructing the bilingual dictionary at the intersections of the two languages’ concepts under clearly specified conditions of their neutralization, it is given theoretical status. However, the main purport of this study is in the realm of applied lexicography. Among its tasks are: operationalizing conceptual analysis by establishing heuristically viable discovery procedures; working out guidelines for converting conceptual networks into the microstructure of dictionary entries, and for organizing its macrostructure as a natural-language thesaurus of lexicalized and lexicogrammatical concepts; laying a foundation for selecting and locating MWEs, proverbial expressions and constructions in a principled way, and suggesting approaches to organizing the constructicon, the part of the dictionary that contains schematic constructions. The DPC model offers effective remedies for the two major faults of the conventional bilingual dictionary, i.e. unrecognizability of the SL entry as a coherent whole by the TL user, and, consequently, inability to suggest precise cognitive orientations for the user's own production of an equivalent TL text. It proves that the bilingual dictionary can be something other than an inventory of disparate senses, a boundless set of translation equivalents, or an eclectic mixture of the two. By maintaining conceptual integrity of linguistic units, DPC affords the user a means of grasping the essence of a foreign word, MWE, or construction as if they were units of one’s native speech, as well as a generative potential with regard to translating into the TL. At the same time, by making conventional linguistic knowledge of the native speaker explicit, DPC serves the purpose of a learner’s dictionary.

<p>Analyzing the ever-increasing data of unprecedented scale, dimensionality, diversity, and complexity poses considerable challenges to conventional approaches of statistical modeling. Bayesian nonparametrics constitute a promising research direction, in that such techniques can fit the data with a model that can grow with complexity to match the data. In this dissertation we consider nonparametric Bayesian modeling with completely random measures, a family of pure-jump stochastic processes with nonnegative increments. In particular, we study dictionary learning for sparse image representation using the beta process and the dependent hierarchical beta process, and we present the negative binomial process, a novel nonparametric Bayesian prior that unites the seemingly disjoint problems of count and mixture modeling. We show a wide variety of successful applications of our nonparametric Bayesian latent variable models to real problems in science and engineering, including count modeling, text analysis, image processing, compressive sensing, and computer vision.</p> / Dissertation

Recently, the surveillance of human activities has drawn a lot of attention from the research community and the camera based surveillance is being tried with the aid of computers. Cameras are being used extensively for surveilling human activities; however, placing cameras and transmitting visual data is not the end of a surveillance system. Surveillance needs to detect abnormal or unwanted activities. Such abnormal activities are very infrequent as compared to regular activities. At present, surveillance is done manually, where the job of operators is to watch a set of surveillance video screens to discover an abnormal event. This is expensive and prone to error. The limitation of these surveillance systems can be effectively removed if an automated anomaly detection system is designed. With powerful computers, computer vision is being seen as a panacea for surveillance. A computer vision aided anomaly detection system will enable the selection of those video frames which contain an anomaly, and only those selected frames will be used for manual verifications. A panic is a type of anomaly in a human crowd, which appears when a group of people start to move faster than the usual speed. Such situations can arise due to a fearsome activity near a crowd such as fight, robbery, riot, etc. A variety of computer vision based algorithms have been developed to detect panic in human crowds, however, most of the proposed algorithms are computationally expensive and hence too slow to be real-time. Dictionary learning is a robust tool to model a behaviour in terms of the linear combination of dictionary elements. A few panic detection algorithms have shown high accuracy using the dictionary learning method; however, the dictionary learning approach is computationally expensive. Orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) is an inexpensive way to model a behaviour using dictionary elements and in this research OMP is used to design a panic detection algorithm. The proposed algorithm has been tested on two datasets and results are found to be comparable to state-of-the-art algorithms.

Many lexicographers found some words unsuitable for inclusion in their dictionaries, thus the examination of general purpose dictionaries alone will not give us a faithful history of changes of the language. Nevertheless, by taking into account cant and slang dictionaries, the origins and history of such marginalized language can be truly examined. Despite people's natural fascination with these works, the early slang dictionaries have received relatively little scholarly attention, the later ones even less. This dissertation is written to honor those lexicographers who succeeded in a truthful documentation of nonstandard language. One of these disreputable lexicographers who found joy in an unending search for new and better ways of treating abstruse vocabulary was John Camden Hotten. This study investigates the importance of Hotten's Dictionary of Modern Slang, Cant, and Vulgar Words in the evolution of dictionary making. I analyze how many editions exist, the popularity of the 1864 edition, and differences between this and preceding editions, suggesting the inexorable growth of Hotten as a compiler. A short history of British cant and slang lexicography is provided and questions concerning the inclusion and exclusion of obsolete words and who makes such decisions are answered. Key terms such as slang and cant are defined and discussed briefly within the context of recent, relevant scholarship. The conclusions drawn from this research are laid out in extensive annotations embedded in the lexical items of a critical edition demonstrating once again that Hotten's compilation was extremely important in the evolution of dictionary making. That Hotten's work was accepted as authoritative is evidenced by the number of allusions and borrowings from it as seen in the work of later lexicographers: Barrere and Leland draw extensively upon it in A Dictionary of Slang, Jargon, and Cant, 2 vols. (1889-90) as do Farmer and Henley in Slang and Its Analogues, 7 vols. (1890-1904), and Eric Partridge in A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English (1937). Hotten's work seems to have been very influential in the preservation of words as well. A vast number of slang words that are cited in Hotten's dictionaries were used for a long time among the common people; in fact, the popular literature of the nineteenth century, particularly historical fiction, draws upon this vocabulary, and may well prove to be specifically indebted to Hotten's work. Thackeray's Vanity Fair and Joyce's Ulysses are full of slang expressions; Conan Doyle shows himself familiar with the terminology of pugilism in Rodney Stone, as does George Bernard Shaw in Cashel Byron's Profession. This dissertation places John Camden Hotten as a writer/publisher/compiler and his work within contemporaneous scholarly argument, and, contrary to popular opinion, acknowledges the publisher's significant contributions to the development of Victorian literature and late nineteenth- and twentieth-century lexicography.