This thesis examines the regional differentiation of Spain and the regional politics in the context of Spanish economic situation within the EU. The first chapter looks at Spain as an EU member, focusing on its profile from the perspective of economic level and growth. Included comparative analysis of the Spanish economy emphasizes the nominal and real convergence with the Eurozone based on the most influential variables. The second chapter deals with the causes and development of the Spanish regional disparity, highlighting various economic sector specializations of distinct regions, impacting employment and productivity. This chapter also touches the topic of social and information inequality. The third and final chapter is dedicated to structural and cohesive policies of Spain during the past program periods as well as the current financial perspective of 2007-2013, focusing on the tools of the EU providing regional aid. Spain within the process of fund redistribution, existing successful results as well as concrete impact on Andalucia's regional economy are also described.

The purpose of my thesis is to conduct a historic-geographic analysis of the population development in the contemporary Hradec Králové Region and its spatial differentiation on microregional level. Main focus lies on the industrial period and the analysis of socio-economic factors. The introductory part of the paper explains its main objectives and hypotheses and is further composed of three main chapters. Chapter One provides an outline of the geographical situation and historical development of the contemporary Hradec Králové Region. The following analytical section focuses on the research of the influence of selected factors on the population development of the communities and subsequently on the basis of the provided analysis comes to a differentiation of microregions within the Region. The synthetic part of this study concentrates on the categorization of microregions based on their developmental typology and changes in the population distribution, generalization of developmental trends and search for the key determinants of the population development in the contemporary Hradec Králové Region. In the final chapter conclusions are drawn and evaluation made of the goals and hypotheses set at beginning. The study is also accompanied by spreadsheet, graph and map outputs.

This master thesis analyses the regional differentiation of population development of micro-regions of Pilsen region. The analytical part focuses on the period from the mid-19th century to the most recent census (2011). During this long-term development, in terms of population, the region undergone major changes which were the result of variety of. The essence of the study is to verify the key determinants which caused the differentiation in selected micro-regions. The work also provides a characteristic of the region, including a list of its natural and socio-geographic specifics, including the major historical events in the development of the region. There is a brief comparison with other regions for initial classification within the Czech Republic, which is also focused on the period of 161 years. This initial part is followed by the analyses of an actual population development realised by sub-analyses of the micro-regions. These sub-analyses examine the three selected factors which are likely to have a big impact on the population changes in the region. Based on the development and the status of the population, the core and periphery micro-regions in the regional system are classified. Within the final synthesis the micro-regions are divided into categories which defer from each other in dynamics of development. The conclusion summarizes results of the work and a validation of the input hypotheses is its part.

Disertační práce je zaměřena na mladé odsouzené muže, kteří se nacházejí ve výkonu trestu odnětí svobody. Jsou umístění na specializovaném oddělení, které se ve svém resocializačním působení zaměřuje cíleně na tyto odsouzené ve věku od 18 let do 26 let věku. Pro každého z nich je sestaven individuální plán zacházení, který má za cíl nalézt souvislosti psychologického individuálního plánu resocializačního působení s možnou změnou svého osobního náhledu na páchání trestné činnosti. Výsledkem tohoto snažení je pak dosažení změny u každého jednotlivce s cílem komplexního zapojení se v civilním životě po propuštění z výkonu trestu odnětí svobody. První část práce zahrnuje ucelené kapitoly, které jsou ve svém myšlenkovém obsahu vzájemně propojeny. Tematika sociálně patologických jevů ve společnosti je rozpracována i v podkapitolách, které se věnují kriminalitě, delikvenci, možnostem socializace a resocializace v působení na každého jednotlivého odsouzeného během výkonu trestu odnětí svobody. Komplexnost pohledu je zahrnuta v rozpracování sociálních příčin páchání trestné činnosti s osobnostními dispozicemi jedinců k delikventnímu chování. Další kapitoly se opírají o výkon trestu odnětí svobody v České republice s kontextem na Evropská vězeňská pravidla. Větší prostor disertační práce je věnován...

In the field of regenerative medicine, regeneration of cartilage defects (caused either by injury or age-related degeneration, such as osteoporosis) has become a widely discussed topic. Nanofibrous scaffolds provide a suitable environment for cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and also local involvement of bioactive substances. Nanofibrous scaffolds mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) of hyaline cartilage and thus have the potential to treat cartilage defects. The aim of the work was modulation of chondrogenic differentiation medium through finding the ideal concentration of chondrogenic supplements, composed of ascorbate-2- phosphate and dexamethasone, in the culture of primary chondrocytes of pig origin seeded on a nanofibrous polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold. The effect of different concentrations of the chondrogenic supplements on chondrocyte adhesion to the scaffold and their proliferation and differentiation was studied. Firstly, the influence of each of the supplements alone in the medium was studied, followed by study of effects of their combinations. Then, the supplements were incorporated into the nanofibers and their effect upon their release from the nanofibers was investiaged. The supplements were studied in 21-day experiments. The chondrogenic re- differentiation was best...

The objective of this diploma thesis is examining the evolution of household´s incomes in two comparable periods and evaluating the changes in household´s incomes in the sorting by regions, size of municipality and by occupation of heads of households. This task was preceded by characteristic of household incomes, measure of incomes differentiation and determination of the poverty line. Next the objective of this diploma thesis is compilation a matrix of economic mobility. The practical part is devoted to analysis of incomes through basic statistical characteristics by regions, size of municipality and by occupation of heads of households. Further is measured income´s differentiation, determined the poverty line by the methodology of EUROSTAT and assembled the matrix mobility. In THE end all my reach results evaluated, which I made in the practical part.

Nuclear receptors constitute a large family of transcription factors that are powerful regulators of animal tissue metabolism, homeostasis, tissue maintenance and development. They are particularly attractive for their ability to respond to the binding of hormones, metabolites, xenobiotics and artificially prepared molecules and transmit the interaction with these small lipophylic molecules to specific regulatory potential. In search for nuclear receptors that are likely to be critical for neural tissues in invertebrates and conserved during the evolution of animals, we have identified a close homologue of vertebrate TLX in a planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. Planaria represent very promising biological model systems for studies on tissue maintenance and regeneration. Planaria are able to resorb their tissues and use them as sources of energy during fasting and they re-build their bodies from neoblasts when food is plentiful. Our search in Schmidtea mediterranea's publicly accessible genome sequencing data indicated that planarian genome contains at least one gene with a high degree of similarity to vertebrate TLX. We cloned full length CDS (coding DNA sequence of cDNA) and characterized the gene functionally. This showed that the planarian and vertebrate NR2E1 are highly similar...

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) represent a group of clonal stem cell disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, peripheral cytopenia, morphological dysplasia and the risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MDS belongs to one of the most common hematological diseases in patients over 60 years old. MDS incidence is still increasing. Appropriate therapy of MDS remains challenging. There is no curative approach besides peripheral stem cells transplantation, which is regretfully appropriate only for a small group of patients due to a higher median age of the MDS population. This is why the search for therapeutic alternatives remains paramount. MDS treatment was rather frustrating until the recent introduction of two new therapeutic approaches: immunomodulation therapy with lenalidomide and epigenetic or demethylating therapy with 5-azacytidine. Both new drugs have significantly higher effect than standard therapy. However, the precise mechanism of this effect remains unknown. As a result, we decided to initiate several research projects while introducing this promising treatment to our patients. Our aim is to investigate the mechanism of both agents in relation to disease pathogenesis by examining changes of certain occurrences and factors prior to and during the course of...

Demographic aging by standard and alternative indicators in selected countries of Europe and their regional differentiation at NUTS2 level Abstract Demographic aging is often called a phenomenon of the 21st century. However, it is a natural process, which we more or less consciously influence. Population aging is the result of improving the health status of the population and enhancing the quality of human life that has already begun in the 18th century in the context of demographic revolution. The current concern about the sustainability of national social systems in the context of population aging are obviously reasonable, but these concerns are based on the standard characteristics of the age structure, which often use a fixed age of entry into the final stage of life. However, with the lengthening of human life the natural boundaries of old age changes. Alternative indicators on the basis of the concept of prospective age do not use the number of years a person has already lived, but on the number of years that a person will probably live. Paper compares the development of standard and alternative indicators in the Czech Republic, Sweden and Germany in the years 2000-2013 and focuses also on regional differentiation at the NUTS2 level of selected regions in northern, western, eastern and southern...

Problems with musculoskeletal system, such as of developmental disorders, fractures or damage of the bone by age, inflammatory or tumor diseases, are still increasing in orthopaedics. Sometimes the bone tissue is not capable to completely regenerate to exert its physiological function in the organism. For this reason, using the bone replacements is necessary and common nowadays. Despite of an intensive research and testing of a wide range of the potential biomaterials and their combinations, the usage of metal materials for construction of the bone implants, still remains to be the gold standard. Ti-6Al-4V alloy is one of the commercialy used metal materials, which is known for the high mechanical and chemical resistance and a good biocompatibility. For a good biological response of the patient's organism for the bone implant, is an ability of osteointegration into the surrounding bone tissue, the key. This ability can be influenced in the case of the metals, by their surface structure. As it is known from earlier studies, the surface topography of the material is very important for the adhesion and proliferation of the bone cells, which are able to discriminate, very sensitively, between various stages of the material surface roughness. For this reason we have focused on studying of an influence...