Digitisation of Copyrighted Works The thesis deals with the issue of digitisation of copyrighted works. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive account of the digitisation phenomenon in relation to copyrighted works from the point of view of the Czech Copyright Act and to analyse two digitisation projects to identify practical issues and, if possible, solutions to these. The text is divided into five chapters, each of them dedicated to a different aspect of the topic presented. The first of the two introductory chapters focuses on the legal institute of copyrighted work as defined by the Copyright Act of the Czech Republic. The five subchapters analyse the concept of copyrighted work, examine legal fiction expanding the set of protected objects and specify the respective protected objects within the category of copyrighted works. The two subchapters comprising the following chapter study the phenomenon of digitisation from the factual point of view. The first subchapter describes the concept of digitisation, focusing on technical aspects, while the second one makes distinction between the digitisation and born-digital materials. The third chapter provides ground for merging the legal aspects of copyrighted works and the factual aspects of digitisation into the key issue of digitisation of...

The aim of this thesis is to develop a gamified crowdsourcing platform for transcription and metadata tagging of digitised text documents, and further to examine whether the platform can stimulate engagement in archives and be used as an educational resource. The case, around which the thesis project is conducted, is the governmental Archives of Bosnia and Herzegovina and its historical documents which were damaged in a fire in 2014.  Theories about engagement, archival pedagogy, and gamification guided the development of the platform. Bosnian-Herzegovinian school children, History teachers, and staff of the Archives of Bosnia and Herzegovina tested the platform and shared their thoughts of it in focus group discussions and interviews. The developed platform consists of a game interface, a database, and an interface for results viewing and searching. It is web-based, and coded in HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP. The platform stimulated engagement among the school children who tested it. They expressed interest in reading and learning more about archival documents, in long-term preservation of information, and in the archive’s mission and future. Judging from the discussions and interviews, the platform could well serve as an educational resource. The History teachers showed interest in using the platform in their teaching, and found support for it in the curriculum for the History subject. A gamified crowdsourcing platform has been developed, and the perception among school children, History teachers, and archive staff was overall very positive. Crowdsourcing is not just about sourcing out tasks to the crowd. Co-creation of content could furthermore stimulate learning and engagement, and thereby tie a bound between the public and the archive. Gamification can successfully make the overarching goal of crowdsourcing understandable and concrete for the platform users. / Uppsatsen syftar till att utveckla en spelifierad crowdsourcing-plattform för transkription och metadatataggning av digitaliserade textdokument samt att undersöka huruvida plattformen kan väcka engagemang för arkiv och användas som en utbildningsresurs. Det fall runt vilket uppsatsprojektet kretsar är Bosnien-Hercegovinas centrala arkivmyndighet och dess historiska dokument som skadades i en brand 2014. Teorier om engagemang, arkivpedagogik och gamification vägledde utvecklingen av plattformen. Skolbarn och historielärare i Bosnien-Hercegovina samt personal på arkivmyndigheten provade plattformen och delade med sig av sina tankar om den i fokusgruppsdiskussioner och intervjuer. Den utvecklade plattformen består av ett spelgränssnitt, en databas och ett gränssnitt för resultatvisning och sökning. Den är webbaserad och skriven i HTML, CSS, JavaScript och PHP. Plattformen väckte engagemang hos de barn som provade den. De uttryckte intresse av att läsa och lära sig mer om arkivdokument, av långsiktigt bevarande samt av arkivets uppdrag och framtid. Plattformen skulle, av fokusgruppsdiskussionerna och intervjuerna att döma, kunna användas och fungera väl som utbildningsresurs. Historielärarna visade intresse av att använda plattformen i sin undervisning och fann stöd för det i historieämnets läroplan. En spelifierad crowdsourcing-plattform har utvecklats och mottagandet av den bland skolbarn, historielärare och arkivpersonal var överlag mycket positivt. Crowdsourcing handlar inte enbart om att outsourca arbetsuppgifter till massan. Medskapande kan dessutom stimulera lärande och engagemang och därigenom knyta band mellan allmänheten och arkivet. Spelifiering kan med framgång göra crowdsourcingens övergripande mål förståeligt och konkret för dem som använder plattformen.

The point of departure for my research is a perceived breach and resulting dissonance between how digital games and other parts of society that are similar in form, enact certain aspects of life. This shift was made especially clear in massive multiplayer games in 2004 with the release of World of Warcraft, the design of which panders to cultural weak points, rather than attempting to mimic them. Digital games are far-reaching. In February 2019, ‘Apex Legends’ reached over 10 million players in less than 72 hours. Nonetheless, the idea of games as separate from the ‘real’ is persisting. Digital games have become a cyclopean gathering of liminality, and there are still no form-based ethics emerging, from either industry or society. Even though society is now undergoing the same abstracting digitisation, that has been a base for game design for a long time, there is a continuing separation in the knowledge applying to games or ‘reality’. The purpose of this thesis is to explore different ontological, epistemological, and ethical understandings of digital games as media, technology, modes of experience, and form. This is undertaken by using the situated and reality producing grating1 of technoscience, together with an eclectic range of concepts such as media as a message, agential reality, liminal phases, anticipation, and ergon. The research delineates a primer for applied studies within the rhizomatic structure of digital games, digitisation, technoscience, and media-technology. In accordance with this aim, the thesis has a fragmented, non-linear, and mosaic approach. This licentiate thesis is a compilation of three papers with a complementary introduction and an epilogue.

<p>The aim of this master’s thesis is to analyse the construction of European identity in three ofcontemporary EU initiated projects for the digitisation of collections from museums, archives, andlibraries. The source material consists of the web pages of the projects Minerva, MICHAEL, andEuropeana, as well as some other policy documents on digitisation and access from EU authorities.Theories on nationalism and construction of heritage are used as an overall context to the problem.After a brief description of the mentioned projects, the author undertakes an analysis of theways that the concept of ‘European heritage’ is depicted in the source material. The result is thefollowing: normally, the true European heritage is considered being united even though it isdiveded culturally, historically and linguistically. The real European spirit is seen as consisting intolerating and celebrating these internal differences. There is also a discourse on the idealEuropean citizen, who actively strives to enlargen her knowledge on (European) culture andhistory.However, there is also a narrower conception of European heritage, which can be discernedfrom some of the analysed sources. This latter definition of Europeanness, stresses Christianityand a tradition of civilisation, rationalism, and science. The ‘Other’, the non-Europeans, can thusbe interpreted as the negation of these ideals.</p>

The aim of this master’s thesis is to analyse the construction of European identity in three ofcontemporary EU initiated projects for the digitisation of collections from museums, archives, andlibraries. The source material consists of the web pages of the projects Minerva, MICHAEL, andEuropeana, as well as some other policy documents on digitisation and access from EU authorities.Theories on nationalism and construction of heritage are used as an overall context to the problem.After a brief description of the mentioned projects, the author undertakes an analysis of theways that the concept of ‘European heritage’ is depicted in the source material. The result is thefollowing: normally, the true European heritage is considered being united even though it isdiveded culturally, historically and linguistically. The real European spirit is seen as consisting intolerating and celebrating these internal differences. There is also a discourse on the idealEuropean citizen, who actively strives to enlargen her knowledge on (European) culture andhistory.However, there is also a narrower conception of European heritage, which can be discernedfrom some of the analysed sources. This latter definition of Europeanness, stresses Christianityand a tradition of civilisation, rationalism, and science. The ‘Other’, the non-Europeans, can thusbe interpreted as the negation of these ideals.

<p>In the academic world, open access institutional repositories (IRs) are beginning to play a vital role in storing and disseminating scholarly communication. Through this method, higher education institutions are able to showcase their intellectual outputs and to contribute to sharing and building knowledge. This evolutionary process of scholarly communication is an important feature of knowledge societies. Furthermore, IRs allow scholars to make known the research they are involved in, which can result in their academic reputation improving, as well as the reputations of the institutions they represent.</p> <p>The purpose of this study is to examine the processes of establishing IRs in the four tertiary education institutions in the Western Cape, which form part of the Cape Higher Education Consortium (CHEC). Within this consortium is the collaborative library project, the Cape Library Consortium (CALICO), which represents the four academic library services. The researcher investigated whether the four Western Cape Higher Education Institutions have established IRs and their experiences in doing so. They are examined in the light of the guidelines for successful IRs already established in the international professional literature on IRs. Throughout the study, the partnerships that are needed for the success of IRs, with a specific emphasis on the crucial role that the librarian might play in this regard, are a central focus.</p> <p>The study is a qualitative case study, relying on interviews with key informants from the four HEIs and analysing policy and other supporting documents. The study confirms comment in the literature that IRs evolve in &ldquo / messy&rdquo / and &ldquo / spotty&rdquo / ways. The key findings might be summarised in the form of four assertions:</p> <ul> <li>&ldquo / It is all about people&rdquo / </li> <li>Philosophical differences are significant</li> <li>Context and history cannot be ignored</li> <li>The role of the university library is ambiguous.</li> </ul> <p>It is hoped that the study of fledgling IR projects might provide insights useful to the broader IR research and professional literature.</p>

Den här studien undersöker hur förutsättningar för lärande förändras genom digital humanities.Utgångspunkt för lärande hämtas ur designteoretiskt multimodalt perspektiv. Teoretiskutgångspunkt för att uppnå förståelse inom digital humanities är hermeneutisk teori. Studien hargenomförts med den öppna metoden litteraturanalys och analyserar antologin DigitalHumanities Pedagogy: Principles, Practices, Politics. Studien belyser digital humanities utifrånolika kunskapsskapande aktiviteter inom lärande och hur lärande kan främjas genom digitalaverktyg och inlärningsmiljöer. Studien belyser exempel på hur digital humanities ställer nyakrav på undervisning och den lärande samt att digitala öppna universitet med fri tillgång tillmaterial och undervisning, förändrar förutsättningarna för institutioner. / New digital open universitites with free access to knowledge change the conditions of how learning occurs. This is a study into the new conditions of learning through the digital humanities. A designtheoretical multimodal perspective as well as hermeneutic thoery have been deployed to problematize the digital humanities. The study has been performed with the open method of literature analyses and the anthology Digital Humanities Pedagogy: Principles, Practices, Politics has been the object of study. The study questions the digital humanities from knowledge creating activities within learning and, at the same time, how learning may benefit from interacting with the digital. The study concludes what the effects of the digital humanities may be on theories of learning, on the student and on the institutions

Σύμφωνα με τις αρχές του Lund (2001), οι πολιτιστικοί πόροι σε εθνικό και ευρωπαϊκό επίπεδο συνιστούν ένα μοναδικό δημόσιο πλούτο που διαμορφώνει τη συλλογική και εξελισσόμενη μνήμη των διαφορετικών κοινωνιών και παρέχει μια στέρεα βάση για την ανάπτυξη των βιομηχανιών πολιτιστικού περιεχομένου σε μια διαρκή κοινωνία της γνώσης. Με βάση τα παραπάνω, καθίσταται σαφές ότι είναι επιτακτική η ανάγκη για τη διάσωση και τη μακροπρόθεσμη διατήρηση της πολιτιστικής κληρονομιάς. Ο καλύτερος τρόπος, για να επιτευχθεί κάτι τέτοιο, είναι μέσα από την εφαρμογή των διαδικασιών ψηφιοποίησης. Παρά το γεγονός ότι η αξία της ψηφιοποίησης προς την κατεύθυνση της διατήρησης και της ανάδειξης πολιτιστικού, επιστημονικού και άλλου είδους περιεχομένου είναι αδιαμφισβήτητη, οι φορείς που εμπλέκονται σε διαδικασίες ψηφιοποίησης αντιμετωπίζουν μια σειρά από ιδιαίτερα σημαντικά προβλήματα. Τα προβλήματα αυτά καταδεικνύουν έντονα την ανάγκη για συντονισμό των διαδικασιών ψηφιοποίησης μέσα από την εφαρμογή καλών πρακτικών οι οποίες θα προκύψουν έπειτα από την αξιοποίηση της διεθνούς εμπειρίας πάνω στο θέμα. Η διπλωματική εργασία αντιμετωπίζει το θέμα των καλών πρακτικών για την ψηφιοποίηση πολιτιστικού περιεχομένου κατά ένα ολοκληρωμένο τρόπο, αξιοποιώντας την αντίστοιχη ευρωπαϊκή εμπειρία. Τα αποτελέσματα της εργασίας συμβάλλουν ουσιαστικά στην καθοδήγηση των πολιτιστικών οργανισμών – φορέων που έχουν αναλάβει ή πρόκειται να εμπλακούν σε διαδικασίες ψηφιοποίησης στην Ελλάδα. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό η παρούσα εργασία περιλαμβάνει τη μελέτη των καλών πρακτικών για την ψηφιοποίηση πολιτιστικού περιεχομένου μέσα από την επιλογή και παρουσίαση των καταλληλότερων οδηγιών για την ψηφιοποίηση πολιτιστικού και επιστημονικού περιεχομένου και την καταγραφή των αντίστοιχων διεθνών προτύπων, τη θεωρητική προσέγγιση του ζητήματος της ανάδειξης καλών πρακτικών και την υλοποίηση ενός συστήματος που έχει ως στόχο την ανάδειξη καλών πρακτικών. / According to the Lund principles (2001) Europe\'s cultural and scientific knowledge resources are a unique public asset forming the collective and evolving memory of our diverse societies and providing a solid basis for the development of our digital content industries in a sustainable knowledge society. It’s obvious that the conservation and long-term preservation of the cultural heritage are absolutely necessary. Digitization is the best way to achieve these goals. In spite of the fact that the preservation and promotion of cultural, scientific and other content is nearly impossible without digitisation, the organizations that undertake relevant projects face a number of quite serious issues. These problems indicate that it is absolutely mandatory to coordinate digitisation activities through the adoption of good practices which have emerged from the numerous digitisation projects carried out so far worldwide. The subject of this master thesis is an integrated approach of the issue of good practices for digitisiting cultural content, by exploiting the relevant European experience. The thesis results contribute to the guidance of cultural organisations that are about to start or are executing digitisation activities in Greece. This thesis comprises of the research on good practices for digitising cultural and scientific content, the selection and presentation of the most important and appropriate ones, the presentation of the relevant international standards, the theoretical basis for promoting good practices and the development of a software system for the promotion of good practices.

<p>In the academic world, open access institutional repositories (IRs) are beginning to play a vital role in storing and disseminating scholarly communication. Through this method, higher education institutions are able to showcase their intellectual outputs and to contribute to sharing and building knowledge. This evolutionary process of scholarly communication is an important feature of knowledge societies. Furthermore, IRs allow scholars to make known the research they are involved in, which can result in their academic reputation improving, as well as the reputations of the institutions they represent.</p> <p>The purpose of this study is to examine the processes of establishing IRs in the four tertiary education institutions in the Western Cape, which form part of the Cape Higher Education Consortium (CHEC). Within this consortium is the collaborative library project, the Cape Library Consortium (CALICO), which represents the four academic library services. The researcher investigated whether the four Western Cape Higher Education Institutions have established IRs and their experiences in doing so. They are examined in the light of the guidelines for successful IRs already established in the international professional literature on IRs. Throughout the study, the partnerships that are needed for the success of IRs, with a specific emphasis on the crucial role that the librarian might play in this regard, are a central focus.</p> <p>The study is a qualitative case study, relying on interviews with key informants from the four HEIs and analysing policy and other supporting documents. The study confirms comment in the literature that IRs evolve in &ldquo / messy&rdquo / and &ldquo / spotty&rdquo / ways. The key findings might be summarised in the form of four assertions:</p> <ul> <li>&ldquo / It is all about people&rdquo / </li> <li>Philosophical differences are significant</li> <li>Context and history cannot be ignored</li> <li>The role of the university library is ambiguous.</li> </ul> <p>It is hoped that the study of fledgling IR projects might provide insights useful to the broader IR research and professional literature.</p>

This dissertation assesses the Swedish and the United Kingdom (UK) legislative frameworks for cross-border copyright clearance of orphan works in mass-digitisation schemes. By reviewing relevant copyright frameworks and practices around the world, interviewing Swedish and British experts in the field of libraries and copyright, and discussing the national solutions applied in Sweden and the UK, conclusions are drawn to form a roadmap for future policy work in the area. The findings are that even though copyright clearance systems for orphan works work well in their national context, they wouldn’t be transferable to a cross-border context due to the different legal and societal traditions in the EU Member States. Solutions for cross-border access could be a general copyright law exception (which is a time-consuming process and therefore less usable in practice in the next 5-10 years), create and build on rightsholder registers with increased collaboration with CMOs, changed management of digital collections (e.g. only digitising orphan works that are in the public domain), or work towards soft legislative solutions (such as an MoU). / <p>Licens: CC BY 4.0</p>