This dissertation assesses the Swedish and the United Kingdom (UK) legislative frameworks for cross-border copyright clearance of orphan works in mass-digitisation schemes. By reviewing relevant copyright frameworks and practices around the world, interviewing Swedish and British experts in the field of libraries and copyright, and discussing the national solutions applied in Sweden and the UK, conclusions are drawn to form a roadmap for future policy work in the area. The findings are that even though copyright clearance systems for orphan works work well in their national context, they wouldn’t be transferable to a cross-border context due to the different legal and societal traditions in the EU Member States. Solutions for cross-border access could be a general copyright law exception (which is a time-consuming process and therefore less usable in practice in the next 5-10 years), create and build on rightsholder registers with increased collaboration with CMOs, changed management of digital collections (e.g. only digitising orphan works that are in the public domain), or work towards soft legislative solutions (such as an MoU). / <p>Licens: CC BY 4.0</p>

This master’s thesis describes the work in creating a customised optical character recognition (OCR) application; intended for use in digitisation of theses submitted to the Uppsala University in the 18th and 19th centuries. For this purpose, an open source software called Gamera has been used for recognition and classification of the characters in the documents. The software provides specific algorithms for analysis of heritage documents and is designed to be used as a tool for creating domain-specific (i.e. customised) recognition applications. By using the Gamera classifier training interface, classifier data was created which reflects the characters in the particular theses. The data can then be used in automatic recognition of ‘new’ characters, by loading it into one of Gamera’s classifiers. The output of Gamera are sets of classified glyphs (i.e. small images of characters), stored in an XML-based format. However, as OCR typically involves translation of images of text into a machine-readable format, a complementary OCR-module was needed. For this purpose, an external Gamera module for page segmentation was modified and used. In addition, a script for control of the OCR-process was created, which initiates the page segmentation on Gamera classified glyphs. The result is written to text files. Finally, in a test for recognition accuracy, one of the theses was used for creation of training data and for test of data. The result from the test show an average accuracy rate of 82% and that there is a need for a better pre-processing module which removes more noise from the images, as well as recognises different character sizes in the images before they are run by the OCR-process.

Magister Bibliothecologiae - MBibl / In the academic world, open access institutional repositories (IRs) are beginning to play a vital role in storing and disseminating scholarly communication. Through this method, higher education institutions are able to showcase their intellectual outputs and to contribute to sharing and building knowledge. This evolutionary process of scholarly communication is an important feature of knowledge societies.Furthermore, IRs allow scholars to make known the research they are involved in,which can result in their academic reputation improving, as well as the reputations of the institutions they represent.The purpose of this study is to examine the processes of establishing IRs in the four tertiary education institutions in the Western Cape, which form part of the Cape Higher Education Consortium (CHEC). Within this consortium is the collaborative library project, the Cape Library Consortium (CALICO), which represents the four academic library services. The researcher investigated whether the four Western Cape Higher Education Institutions have established IRs and their experiences in doing so. They are examined in the light of the guidelines for successful IRs already established in the international professional literature on IRs. Throughout the study,the partnerships that are needed for the success of IRs, with a specific emphasis on the crucial role that the librarian might play in this regard, are a central focus.The study is a qualitative case study, relying on interviews with key informants from the four HEIs and analysing policy and other supporting documents. The study confirms comment in the literature that IRs evolve in “messy” and “spotty” ways. The key findings might be summarised in the form of four assertions:• “It is all about people”• Philosophical differences are significant • Context and history cannot be ignored • The role of the university library is ambiguous.It is hoped that the study of fledgling IR projects might provide insights useful to the broader IR research and professional literature.

One such change in the area of digitalisation is what is known as Vision e-health 2025, which is a vision that the Swedish government, municipalities and counties founded with the goal of being the best in the world in terms of e-health by 2025, thus keeping up with the continuous development and expectations of the society. The purpose of this study is to investigate how three different professions at health centres in Region Jonkoping work with the implementation of Vision e-health 2025 in terms of the implementation-theory defined understand, want and how -steps. The study is a comparative study with three in-depth interviews consisting of an operations manager, a development manager and a doctor. The overall conclusion of the study indicates that even if the various professions have some knowledge of Vision e-health 2025, and they in their daily work have the resources to be able to work with the vision and digitalisation, they lack deeper knowledge of Vision e-health 2025. As such, in order to fulfil the vision’s goals, they need more information and education on how they, in their professions, should work with Vision e-health 2025. One reasonable starting point could be to deepen their knowledge of the vision itself, as having a strong willingness and incentive to work with digitisation at their health centres is an inadequate foundation to actually implement the said vision and goals therein.

This thesis investigates how digitalisation impacts school as a place to work and learn byexploring how a few teachers experience digital tools and platforms in their daily work andteaching, both when reflecting upon current state and thinking about the future. A widerperspective of digitalisation in society and education is added by interviewing a learningstrategist as well as including other material covering the current debate. The analysis is guidedby six futural orientations (anticipation, expectation, speculation, potentiality, hope anddestiny) shown in the activities, leaning on a theoretical framework of anthropology of future,work and technology, human agency and intersubjectivity, humanity in a digital age as well asteacher’s role and identities. Hence uncovering examples of how lifeworlds are created andevolve in a school setting, human agency and shifting identities as a teacher manifesting itselfwhen managing conflicting priorities or faulty processes, and how to make sense of beinghuman in a digital age with an awareness of digital wellbeing.

Då arbetslivet förändras i snabb takt och det finns förhoppningar och krav på att digitaliseringen ska lösa stora delar av de problem som uppstår vid snabba förändringar inom offentlig verksamhet har denna studie tittat närmare på hur lärandet kan se ut vid digital förändring inom offentlig verksamhet. Uppsatsens syfte var att undersöka och skapa kunskap om hur lärprocessen och lärmiljön vid införandet av nytt digitalt arbetssätt ser ut, utvecklas och fungerar i en hemtjänstgrupp. Detta gjordes genom en kvalitativ undersökning utifrån en fallstudie vid en arbetsplats i en kommun i Mellansverige. Data samlades in genom observation, enkät samt intervjuer med chef och medarbetare. De teoretiska utgångspunkter som används i studien är främst P-E Ellströms perspektiv på lärande i arbetslivet samt Ellström &amp; Ekholm och Kocks perspektiv på lärmiljöer. Dessa teoretiska utgångspunkter används som ett verktyg för att analysera det insamlade datamaterialet. Resultatet visar att lärandet sker genom informellt lärande på arbetsplatsen genom gemensamma genomgångar, individuella uppföljningar samt ett kollegialt lärande. Lärprocessen är både reproduktiv och utvecklingsinriktad, det skiljer dels mellan chef och medarbetare men även inom arbetsgruppen hur lärprocessen tar form. Då arbetssättet är nytt för hela gruppen är mycket reproduktivt lärande men även inslag av utvecklingsinriktat lärande finns i form av vissa ifrågasättanden, innovationer och utvecklande. Lärmiljön på enheten är i stort stödjande utifrån en stöttande ledning, stöttande medarbetare, ett delvis öppet klimat och delaktighet. Det finns även vissa incitament som tyder på en begränsande lärmiljö utifrån bristande resurser i form av utrustning samt tid och även en frustration och tidvis kontrollerande ledning.

Med bakgrund i att samhället blir allt mer digitaliserat är studiens syfte att undersöka bibliotekariers upplevelser av kommunikation med biblioteksbesökare och sin folkbildande roll. Fokus för studien är bibliotekariernas egen upplevelse vilket resulterat i att en kvalitativ metod med intervjuer har använts. Studiens resultat visar att bibliotekarier upplever att kommunikation och ett gott bemötande är av stor vikt, både i det fysiska och det digitala rummet. Bibliotekarier upplever även att de har relevant kompetens för yrket, men att grundutbildningen saknar ämnesområden som pedagogiskt bemötande och IT. Studiens resultat visar även att bibliotekarier upplever att de kontinuerligt måste hålla sig ajour inom IT och de upplever att en alltmer digitaliserad biblioteksverksamhet bidrar till att den digitala delaktigheten bland medborgarna ökar i samhället. Studiens bidrag till forskningen resulterar i en förståelse för hur folkbiblioteken, som en mötesplats samt en plats för informations- och kunskapsinhämtning, samspelar med medborgarna i samhället. / Given that society is becoming increasingly digital, this studies’ purpose is to examine librarian’s experiences of communication with library visitors and their educational role. The focus of the study is on the librarian’s own experience therefore a qualitative method with interviews has been used. The results of the study show that librarian’s feel that communication and a welcoming approach are of great importance, both in the physical and the digital space. Librarian’s also feel that they have relevant skills for the profession, but that undergraduate education lacks subject areas such as pedagogical approach and IT. The results of the study also show that librarian’s feel that they continually must keep up to date with IT and they feel that an increasingly digital library activity contributes to the digital participation among citizens increasing in society. This studies’ contribution to research results in an understanding of how public libraries, as meeting place and a place for information and knowledge gathering, interact with the citizens in society.

Detta kandidatarbete syftar till att påpeka några av de möjligheter som digitaliseringen bidrar till, genom att bland annat lyfta smartphones och sociala medier som en potentiell kanal för utökad kriskommunikation. I en krissituation är kommunikation av yttersta vikt. I Sverige har den traditionella kriskommunikationen länge kretsat kring ljudsignalen Hesa Fredrik och VMA (viktigt meddelande till allmänheten) i statligt ägda tv- och radiokanaler. På senare tid har stora delar av samhället kommit att digitaliseras, vilket även medför att förutsättningarna och möjligheterna för kriskommunikation utvecklas och förändras. Detta har visualiserats i en film med hjälp av designfiktion och diegetiska prototyper för att spekulera och testa vilka digitala lösningar som hade kunnat vara möjliga i en nära framtid. Vi har utgått från Bleeckers (2009) definition och beskrivning av designfiktion och som ett stöd i skapandet av detta användes metoder såsom Three Layered Model of design fiction av Lindley &amp; Coulton (2014), scenarier som beskrivs av Nardi (1992) och framtida personas enligt Fergnani (2019). För filmens slutgiltiga resultat spelade framför allt de diegetiska prototyperna en betydande roll, men också den verklighetsbaserade grunden samt narrativet för att kunna sammanföra verkligheten med den spekulativa framtiden. I filmen visas dock endast ett fåtal av de oändliga möjligheter som digitaliseringen medför, men kan förhoppningsvis ses som inspiration till vidare utforskning av nya digitala lösningar för kriskommunikation. / This Bachelor Thesis aims to highlight some of the opportunities that the digitisation contributes to, by among other things, lifting smartphones and social media as a potential channel for increased crisis communication. In a crisis situation, communication is of utmost importance. In Sweden, the traditional crisis communication system has long revolved around the audio signal “Hesa Fredrik” and “VMA” (important announcement to the public) in state-owned television and radio stations. Recently, big parts of the society have been digitised which means that the conditions and opportunities for crisis communication both develop and change. This has been visualised in a film by using design fiction and diegetic prototypes as a way to help speculate and test which digital solutions may be possible in a near future. We have used the definition and explanation of design fiction as mentioned by Bleecker (2009), and methods such as the Three Layered Model of design fiction by Lindley &amp; Coulton (2014), scenarios as described by Nardi (1992) and future personas according to Fergnani (2019) were supportive in the making of the film. For the final result of the film, the diegetic prototypes played a significant role, as well as the foundation based on reality and the narrative in order to connect the reality with the speculative future. Only a few of the endless opportunities that the digitisation brings is shown in the film, but may hopefully inspire further exploration of new, digital solutions for crisis communication.

Denna studie undersöker förutsättningarna för införandet av elektronisk röstning i Sveriges allmänna val genom att sammanställa främst styrdokument från offentliga organ inom området. Det huvudsakliga målet är att ge en heltäckande översiktsbild av de politiska respektive juridiska ambitionerna och hindren för att röstning i svenska val skulle kunna digitaliseras helt eller delvis.  Studien identifierar vilka möjligheter och utmaningar som finns i dagsläget genom en litteraturstudie. / This paper examines the prerequisites for implementing electronic voting in Sweden’s general elections by compiling policies of public organs in this area. The main goal is to give a comprehensive overview of the political and juridical ambitions or hindrances, respectively, in order to fully or partly digitise Swedish elections.   The study identifies the present opportunities and challenges by the means of a literature study.

This master thesis aims to analyse the data curation situation and the decision-making processes of the archivists at the Swedish Peace Archives. With the theories in data curation and methodology in analysing both accessible web content and interviews, this thesis hopes to shed light on the institutional perspective in managing digital archives. By studying and analysing the empirical materials from the online archive websites and the database, the data curation theories are applied to locate the archive practices at different levels. The method in collecting qualitative data from interviews with the archivists gives insight into archive works and digitisation processes in the digital archives today.  The results show the complexity in data management from digitisation to curation, and digital archives as an information-intensive digital environment has caused the merge of humanities and archives scholarship. This shows the limitation in the data-centric digital humanities frameworks when discussing archive management and technical interoperability. A further study with more focus on individual institutions with their unique workflows, stakeholders, and material types in mind is therefore suggested.