Darbe nagrinėjamas riboto pakaltinamumo institutas Lietuvos Respublikos baudžiamojoje teisėje: jo istorinė raida, atsiradimo ypatumai, turinys bei reikšmė, taip pat nustatymo klausimai bei problemos. Kadangi šis institutas pakankamai platus ir apima ne vien jo turinį sudarančius kriterijus ir jų požymius, tačiau ir apibrėžia asmenų baudžiamąją atsakomybę bei numato galimybę taikyti baudžiamojo poveikio ar medicinos prievartos priemones, apsiribota tyrinėjamo objekto nagrinėjimu Lietuvos baudžiamojoje teisėje, trumpai apžvelgiant kitose valstybėse įtvirtintus panašius institutus. Ypatingas dėmesys darbe skiriamas riboto pakaltinamumo turinį sudarančių medicininio ir juridinio kriterijų atskleidimui, jų nustatymo ypatumams ir būdams, aptariami dažniausiai pasitaikantys psichikos sutrikimai, lemiantys minėtų kriterijų nustatymą. Be to, nagrinėjamas riboto pakaltinamumo ir amžiaus santykis, socialinio nebrandumo priskyrimas riboto pakaltinamumo medicininiam kriterijui, atskirai aptariamos afekto ir pogimdyvinė psichofiziologinė būsenos, jų santykis su ribotu pakaltinamumu bei Lietuvos Respublikos baudžiamajame kodekse įtvirtintos, su minėtomis būsenomis siejamos nusikalstamos veikos. Lietuvos baudžiamojoje teisėje riboto pakaltinamumo institutas pakankamai „jaunas,“ todėl jo taikymo praktika vis dar formuojasi. Remiantis Lietuvos teismų praktika, darbe stengtasi iškelti minėto instituto taikyme bei reglamentavime pastebėtas problemas, pasiūlyti jų sprendimo variantus. / This article analyses diminished capacity in Lithuanian penal law: its historical development, peculiarities of instilment, its content, its importance, also questions of its evaluation and occurring problems. Whereas the institution of diminished capacity is quite wide, it includes not only its content, content’s criteria ant their features, but it also determines criminal liability of an individual, foresees the application of punitive and forced medical measures, therefore in this article diminished capacity is analyzed within limits of Lithuanian penal law, with brief overlook of similar institutions implemented in penal law of other countries. Special attention is paid to the medical and juridical criteria of the content of diminished capacity, the disclosure of their content, peculiarities and means of their evaluation. Due to that most common mental affections that determine the measurement of above-mentioned criteria are discussed. Moreover the relation of age and diminished capacity and attribution of social immaturity to the medical criterion are researched. Apart of all mentioned above, diminished capacity relations with the state of affect and special postnatal state of women is analyzed likewise crimes associated with aforesaid states are also scrutinized. The institution of diminished capacity in Lithuanian penal law is quite „young“ therefore its practice of its implementation is still shaped. Also, according to the practise of Lithuanian courts, the main... [to full text]

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Το Σύστημα Αριθμητικής Υπολοίπου (Residue Number System - RNS), είναι ένα σύστημα αριθμητικής το οποίο παρουσιάζει σημαντικά πλεονεκτήματα στην ταχύτητα με την οποία μπορούν να γίνουν οι αριθμητικές πράξεις. Στα RNS οι αριθμοί αναπαρίστανται σαν ένα σύνολο από υπόλοιπα. Οι εφαρμογές του RNS εκτείνονται σε ένα ευρύ φάσμα της επιστήμης και της τεχνολογίας οπότε έχει δοθεί μεγάλο βάρος στην ανάπτυξη αριθμητικών συστημάτων υψηλής απόδοσης. Τέτοιες αριθμητικές μονάδες είναι αθροιστές, πολλαπλασιαστές, κυκλώματα υπολογισμού ρίζας και γεννήτριες υπολοίπου (Residue Generator – RG). Τα RNS συστήματα πολύ συχνά χρησιμοποιούν βάσεις με τρία διαφορετικά moduli της μορφής {2^n-1,2^n,2^n+1}. Αυτό οφείλεται στο γεγονός ότι έχουν κατασκευαστεί πολύ αποδοτικά συνδυαστικά κυκλώματα κωδικοποίησης και αποκωδικοποίησης από και προς το δυαδικό σύστημα. Επομένως, ο σχεδιασμός πολύ αποδοτικών αριθμητικών συστημάτων modulo 2^n-1, modulo 2^n, modulo 2^n+1 είναι ζωτικής σημασίας για τις εφαρμογές που χρησιμοποιούν το RNS. Από αυτές τις βάσεις αυτή που απαιτεί τα πιο απαιτητικά κυκλώματα είναι αυτή που έχει σαν moduli το 2^n+1 μια που μόνο αυτή δίνει αριθμούς με n+1 bits. Στη modulo 2^n+1 αριθμητική οι αριθμοί εμφανίζονται συνήθως σε δύο αναπαραστάσεις. Στην αναπαράσταση με βάρη και στη diminished-1 αναπαράσταση. Οι δύο αυτές αναπαραστάσεις έχουν κάποια χαρακτηριστικά που τις διαφοροποιούν και που τις κάνουν κατάλληλες για διαφορετικές εφαρμογές. Στην διπλωματική αυτή θα παρουσιάσουμε μια τεχνική η οποία συνδυάζει τα πλεονεκτήματα των δύο αναπαραστάσεων προσφέροντας έτσι κυκλώματα με μικρότερη επιφάνεια που συνήθως όμως έχουν καλύτερη απόδοση. Αυτή η τεχνική θα εφαρμοστεί σε modulo 2^n+1 αθροιστές πολλαπλών εντέλων (Multi-Operand Modulo Adder – MOMA), σε modulo 2^n+1 αθροιστές και σε RG ενώ θα γίνει μελέτη της απόδοσης τους σε σχέση με τις πιο διαδεδομένες μέχρι τώρα αντίστοιχες αρχιτεκτονικές. / The Residue Number Systen (RNS) is an arithmetic system with many advantages in the speed of arithmetic components. In RNS the numbers are represented as a set of residues. The RNS applications are various so there is a great effort in developing arithmetic components with very high performance. Those arithmetic components are adders, multipliers, residue generators etc. In RNS there are commonly used bases of the form {2^n-1, 2^n, 2^n+1} that is because there has been developed very efficient encoding and decoding from and to the binary system. So the design of very efficient arithmetic components in modulo 2^n-1, modulo 2^n, modulo 2^n+1 is very crucial for RNS applications. From these three modulis the 2^n+1 is the most critical to implement because it is the only one that needs n+1-bits. In modulo 2^n+1 arithmetic the numbers are represented in two forms. In the weighted representation and in the diminished-1 representation. These two representations have some differences that make them suitable for different applications. On this thesis work we introduce a technique that combines the advantages of the two representations. This technique when applied in arithmetic components produces circuits that are smaller and very often faster. We use this techniques to design multi operand modulo 2^n+1 adders (MOMA), fast modulo 2^n+1 adders and residue generators (RG).

Carbonaceous engine deposits tend to accumulate on most of the inner surfaces of the car engine. The presence of these deposits leads to a deteriorated efficiency of the engine and a number of adverse effects, such as higher propensity of the engine to knock. It has been proposed that selective adsorption of some of the fuel components in the porous deposits (and changing composition of the pre-combustion fuel) could be a contributing mechanism of the diminished efficiency of the engine. This, as well as other mechanisms of the deposits action, crucially depend on the porous structure of the material. Therefore, the aim of this investigation is to develop a method, which is able to accurately characterize the internal porous structure of the engine deposits and predict their adsorption properties at different conditions. This should allow us to assess whether the selective adsorption of fuel components is indeed a plausible contributing mechanism to the diminished performance of the engine. Accurate characterization of the engine deposits faces several difficulties due to their complex porous structure and chemical composition. A widely adopted approach in the characterization of activated carbons, which combines molecular simulation, specifically grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) in slit pores, and experimental adsorption isotherms, is the starting point for the method suggested in this work. In this thesis, we will demonstrate that, by systematic modification of the solid-fluid interaction in the molecular simulation, we are able to correctly account for the chemical structural heterogeneity of the samples used. The new parameters of solid-fluid interaction allow us to extract representative pore size distributions and investigate the adsorption properties under different conditions of temperature and pressure, based on the obtained pore size distribution. Specifically, using the experimental data from a single ethane isotherm at 278K we accurately predict ethane adsorption at other temperatures and in different samples. Additionally, the proposed method is able to predict the adsorption of more complex hydrocarbons, i.e. n-butane and isobutane. The performance of the method is assessed by comparing the simulations results with the experimental adsorption measurements data on the engine deposits samples. Another important capability of the method is that it enables us to generate adsorption predictions of two key components commonly used to represent the combustion properties of the fuel, n-heptane and isooctane. We explore the equilibrium adsorption properties of these components based on the determined pore size distributions of the deposit samples. The results presented in the thesis highlight the importance of the adsorption in the internal porous structure of the engine deposits. The present study reinforces the value of molecular simulation combined with a limited number of experimental measurements, to accurately characterize heterogeneous carbonaceous materials and to make predictions at different conditions with sufficient precision.

Šiame darbe yra nagrinėjamas riboto pakaltinamumo institutas Lietuvos Respublikos baudžiamojoje teisėje, jo samprata ir baudžiamoji teisinė reikšmė. Siekiant parodyti šio instituto svarbą demokratinės valstybės jurisdikcijai, apžvelgiama riboto pakaltinamumo istorinė raida užsienio valstybėse bei aptariamas jo vystymasis Lietuvos teisinėje sistemoje. Ypatingas dėmesys skiriamas riboto pakaltinamumo instituto turinį sudarančių medicininio ir juridinio kriterijų atskleidimui, analizuojama jų apimtis bei nustatomos ribos. Kadangi neretai nusikalstamas veikas padaro apsvaigę nuo psichiką veikiančių medžiagų asmenys, kurie siekia būti pripažinti ribotai pakaltinamais, apžvelgiama ir tokių medžiagų įtaka nustatant šį institutą. Pažymėtina, kad riboto pakaltinamumo instituto analizė neapsiriboja vien tik jo turinį sudarančių kriterijų atskleidimu, bet ir apibrėžia asmenų baudžiamąją atsakomybę bei numato galimybę sušvelninti bausmę ar atleisti nuo baudžiamosios atsakomybės ir taikyti baudžiamojo poveikio ar medicinos prievartos priemones. Todėl šiame darbe aptariamos ir riboto pakaltinamumo teisinės pasekmės. Be to, nagrinėjama nustatymo problematika, apžvelgiamas fiziologinis afektas, pogimdyvinė būsena bei jų santykis su ribotu pakaltinamumu. Lietuvoje riboto pakaltinamumo institutui skiriama nepaprastai mažai dėmesio, todėl analizuojant šį institutą buvo nepaprastai svarbu atskleisti jo nustatymo bei taikymo probleminius aspektus bei pateikti atitinkamus sprendimo būdus. / This article analyzes the institute of diminished responsibility in Lithuanian criminal law, its meaning and its criminal legal significance. In order to show the importance of this institute for democratic state jurisdiction, it has been looked over historical development of diminished responsibility in foreign countries and its growth in Lithuanian legal system. Special attention has been paid to the content of the institute of diminished responsibility - medical and juridical criteria - analyzing its volume and setting the range. Whereas criminals, who seek to rely on diminished responsibility, frequently commit offences under the influence of psychoactive substances, it has also been important to analyze the impact of such substances in establishing this institute. It is essential to note that analysis of diminished responsibility institute includes not only the disclosure of its content's criteria, but also determines criminal responsibility and allows the possibility of a lower sentence or exempt from criminal responsibility and application of criminal sanctions or medical coercive measures. Therefore, legal consequences of the institute of diminished responsibility have also been examined. Furthermore, this article discusses establishment issues of the diminished responsibility institute, its relationship with physiological affect and postnatal condition. In Lithuania the institute of diminished responsibility has been analyzed very abstractedly, therefore it was... [to full text]

Diminished reality, as a sub-topic of augmented reality where digital information is overlaid on an environment, is the perceived removal of an object from an environment. Previous approaches to diminished reality used digital replacement techniques, inpainting, and multi-view homographies. However, few used a virtual representation of the real environment, limiting their domains to planar environments. This thesis provides a framework to achieve real-time diminished reality on an augmented reality headset. Using state-of-the-art hardware, we combine a virtual representation of the real environment with inpainting to remove existing objects from complex environments. Our work is found to be competitive with previous results, with a similar qualitative outcome under the limitations of available technology. Additionally, by implementing new texturing algorithms, a more detailed representation of the real environment is achieved.

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The study investigated the extent of burnout condition among counsellors in Kenya. The sources of burnout were explored and personality style was positively correlated with burnout development. Impact of burnout on counsellor wellness and productivity was also established. It examined whether counsellor supervision was an appropriate strategy in the management of counsellor burnout. The study utilized a pluralistic design that combined both qualitative and quantitative methods (Howard, 1983). The qualitative design permitted collection of rich data from study subjects' experiential and perceptual fields. This ensured study findings would be relevant and applicable to specific counsellor situations. The study population comprised 20 counsellors and 9 Kenya Counselling Association (KCA) accredited counsellor supervisors. The counsellor sample was drawn from 2 Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) centres, 2 rehabilitation centres and 2 educational institutions. This diverse population was a helpful representation in terms of generalizability of the study. Three data collection instruments utilized were: Questionnaires, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. The study's validity and reliability were ensured through the two sample populations (counsellor and counsellor supervisors), test re-test and pre-test procedures for questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Tallying identified items checked content validity. The study findings showed that burnout seriously affected practitioner effectiveness and led to malpractice and client harm. The study predictably established that supervision is an appropriate strategy in the management of counsellor burnout. The metaphor of motor vehicle maintenance was utilized in the development of the Holistic Burnout Supervision Model (HBSM) that focussed on wellness maintenance of the counsellor in a lifecycle. HBSM identified two levels in wellness maintenance: Preventative (servicing) and curative (repair). The study recommended that counselor - training institutions should incorporate in their curriculum burnout and supervision modules. This would create awareness about burnout and appropriate prevention strategies at counsellor formation stages. People care agencies should also institutionalize the burnout supervision facility in order to ensure counsellor resiliency and vitality. / Psychology / D. Phil (Psychology)

The study investigated the extent of burnout condition among counsellors in Kenya. The sources of burnout were explored and personality style was positively correlated with burnout development. Impact of burnout on counsellor wellness and productivity was also established. It examined whether counsellor supervision was an appropriate strategy in the management of counsellor burnout. The study utilized a pluralistic design that combined both qualitative and quantitative methods (Howard, 1983). The qualitative design permitted collection of rich data from study subjects' experiential and perceptual fields. This ensured study findings would be relevant and applicable to specific counsellor situations. The study population comprised 20 counsellors and 9 Kenya Counselling Association (KCA) accredited counsellor supervisors. The counsellor sample was drawn from 2 Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) centres, 2 rehabilitation centres and 2 educational institutions. This diverse population was a helpful representation in terms of generalizability of the study. Three data collection instruments utilized were: Questionnaires, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. The study's validity and reliability were ensured through the two sample populations (counsellor and counsellor supervisors), test re-test and pre-test procedures for questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Tallying identified items checked content validity. The study findings showed that burnout seriously affected practitioner effectiveness and led to malpractice and client harm. The study predictably established that supervision is an appropriate strategy in the management of counsellor burnout. The metaphor of motor vehicle maintenance was utilized in the development of the Holistic Burnout Supervision Model (HBSM) that focussed on wellness maintenance of the counsellor in a lifecycle. HBSM identified two levels in wellness maintenance: Preventative (servicing) and curative (repair). The study recommended that counselor - training institutions should incorporate in their curriculum burnout and supervision modules. This would create awareness about burnout and appropriate prevention strategies at counsellor formation stages. People care agencies should also institutionalize the burnout supervision facility in order to ensure counsellor resiliency and vitality. / Psychology / D. Phil (Psychology)

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