The present research aims to discuss how the notions of discernment and development present in the PEC 171 are configured as power relations in the construction of the adolescent offender and how they are updated with the human capital theory. For this purpose, we will use a method of genealogical inspiration, trying to do a search that does not seek an origin for the facts studied or a causal correspondence between present and past, but which proposes to tell a story that goes back to the fields of struggle / power that allowed the emergence of these relations. In this way, the normalization of the judiciary will be discussed, as a means to study discernment, as well as new conceptions of childhood and adolescence in the legislation, which refer education as a means of development. Finally, we will associate the discussions made with the theories of development and human capital, which underpin and reinforce the need for education for a ready human being and a developed country. / A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo discutir como as noções de discernimento e desenvolvimento presentes na PEC 171 se configuram como relações de poder na construção do adolescente infrator e como se atualizam com a teoria do capital humano. Para tal intento, utilizaremos um método de inspiração genealógica, tentando fazer uma pesquisa que não busque uma origem para os fatos estudados ou uma correspondência causal entre presente e passado, mas que se proponha a contar uma história que remonte aos campos de luta/poder que permitiram o surgimento dessas relações. Desse modo, será discutida a normalização do judiciário, enquanto meio para estudo do discernimento, bem como as novas concepções de infância e adolescência na legislação, que remetem a educação como meio de desenvolvimento. Por fim, associaremos as discussões feitas com as teorias do desenvolvimento e capital humano, as quais embasam e reforçam a necessidade de educação para um ser humano pronto e um país desenvolvido.

[pt] A presente dissertação propõe uma investigação de dois textos do autor espanhol Baltasar Gracián (1601- 1658): El Discreto (1646) e A Arte da Prudência (1647), cujo título original é Oráculo Manual e A Arte da Prudência. A partir da leitura de ambos os trabalhos são esboçadas algumas peculiaridades da monarquia absolutista de Filipe IV (1621-1665). Valores e conceitos como engenho, discrição e etiqueta que estavam presentes na vida dos homens de corte, são retomados aqui a fim de desenvolver a pesquisa e contribuir na compreensão da vida em sociedade durante o século XVII. Para o melhor aproveitamento dos textos é estabelecido um debate sobre diferentes conceitos do Barroco, que foram produzidos em diferentes momentos por autores distintos. É a partir da compreensão das características do Discreto e do Barroco que se pode concluir a importância dos textos selecionados, não apenas para a sociedade espanhola, como para outras cortes da Europa Ocidental. Desta maneira, os textos de Gracián são de fundamental importância para formar um quadro da monarquia espanhola do século XVII e dos homens que a constituíam. / [en] This dissertation aims an investigation of two texts of the Spanish s author Baltasar Gracián: El Discreto and Arte da Prudência, which original title is Oráculo manual e Arte da Prudência. Based at the reading of both works are delineated some particularities of Filipe s IV absolutist monarchy. Valours and concepts as ingeniousness, discernment and etiquette, which were presents at the life of court s man, are recapturing here to develop the investigation and contribute at the understanding of the society s life during the 17th century. For the best exploitation of the texts, is established a debate about the different concepts of baroque, which were created at different moments by distinct authors. Is based on the comprehension of the Discreto and baroque s characteristics that it is possible to conclude the importance of the selective texts, not only for the Spanish society, but also for the others courts of the western Europe. So, the Gracián s texts have a fundamental importance to portray the Spanish monarchy of the 17th century and the men who formatted it.

The Anglican Church is experiencing a growing number of clergy who abuse alcohol, and this has made people to ask whether clergy still embody the image of God or if they are “alcoholics.” I therefore undertook to do a research on this problem to ascertain whether the church creates alcoholics or are alcoholics attracted to the ministry. Questionnaires designed for laity, clergy and the diocesan leadership were given to them to find out if alcohol and alcoholism is a problem to the church and what could be the cause of it. Realizing that the questionnaires may not be sufficient, five case studies we used. These case studies are real stories from different priests across Southern Africa. They are more detailed and shed a light to the problem of alcoholism among the clergy. Through the questionnaires and case studies, the researcher found that ministerial stress, family stress, financial problems, lack of recreational time and peer pressure contribute to clergy being alcoholics. Moreover, the diocesan leadership has not devised means to assist alcoholic priests on permanent bases. Sending an alcoholic priest to rehabilitation centres has been the modus operandi and there is no follow up from the leadership until the said priest relapses. Families of alcoholic clergy have been left to find their own ways of healing. The parish too, has not received much help. The question asked is how the parish heal and not take out its pain on a new priest who comes after the alcoholic priest. The researcher recommends that as part of the discernment process, a psychologist be involved to help to ascertain whether a candidate to ministry does / have exposure to alcohol and to what extend his condition can be a hindrance to performing his priestly calling. With many clergy, the signs were there when they went to the Discernment Conference and no one picked them up. And as part of clergy training and formation, the abuse of alcohol and its consequences should be discussed and on-going assistance should be accessible to both clergy and their families. Though this research was not aimed at stopping priests from being alcoholics, the researcher hopes that it helps the clergy to realize what alcohol do to their ministry, families and themselves so that they can make wise choices when it comes to taking alcohol. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

La situation du mineur délinquant a très tôt suscité l'attention du droit pénal, le mineur est désormais soumis à un traitement différent de celui infligé aux adultes. Avant de déclarer un mineur coupable d'une infraction, sa responsabilité pénale doit être déterminée ainsi que son discernement établi sous peine d'atténuation de la responsabilité. La société et ses mineurs ont évolué donc ce sujet d'actualité est devenue une priorité nationale en France mais aussi au Maroc, l'appréhension des mineurs a beaucoup évolué et le droit pénal des mineurs est actuellement l'une des préoccupations majeure des pouvoirs publics qui entendent apporter des réponses encore plus efficaces aux problèmes de la délinquance juvénile. Le mineur a acquis un statut spécifique en droit pénal. Le but du projet consiste à déterminer l'effectivité de la législation actuelle et l'évolution de la responsabilité pénale dans ces deux Etats. L'heure est au bilan et aux perspectives. / The offender minor situation early attracted the criminal law attention. Today the minor is subject to a treatment different from the adult's one. Before adjudged a minor guilty of an offense, his penal liability has to be determined and his discernment must be established. Today's society and his minors have evolved, so this topic becomes a national priority in France and also in Morocco, the minor's apprehension changed a lot and the juvenile criminal law is currently one of the major concerns of government which aims to provide a legally sound solution. The minor has acquired a special status in criminal law. The project aim is to determine the effectiveness of the current legislation and to analyse and synthesize the evolution of criminal responsibility in these two countries. It's time to take stock and prospects.

This research has attempted to discover the ethos and characteristics of the anointing with the Spirit of the Charismatic movements with the reformed assessment. It has been studied how the exegetical interpretation and Scriptural theology of the anointing with the Spirit relate to the systematic reformed theology. This study has indicated the key notion of this research, “the anointing with the Spirit” in Ancient Near Eastern Literature and in Scripture. The biblical foundation of the Reformed tradition on the notion of this research has been investigated and Christian reflection on the anointing with the Spirit has historically been investigated. The church’s dogmata of the anointing with the Spirit examined throughout the history of the church as well as whether the anointing with the Spirit in the Charismatic movement was implicated in the Reformed tradition. Whether the Reformed tradition disallowed all supernatural phenomena has also been examined, and what their concept is of the anointing with the Spirit. The debates between charismatic and reformed perspectives on the theological characteristics of the anointing with the Spirit have been compared. Essential to the argument is the nature and characteristics of the Charismatic movement in relation to the anointing with the Spirit, in which the unique experiences of the Spirit and their response to the world is demonstrated. The explored issues are systematically recapitulated and evaluated to be resolved. Four systematic spheres are examined with different hermeneutical approaches: the biblical and theological pneumatology; soteriology, in which the anointing with the Spirit is to be applied; promulgated eschatology that entails the characteristics of the missio Spiritus and the extent of the establishment of God’s kingdom in connection with the anointing with the Spirit, and finally mandated ecclesiology that requires responsibilities and commitments of those who are endowed with the charismata of the Spirit in the sphere of all contemporary areas. The anointing with the Spirit is related to soteriological aspect, authentic repentance is preconditioned to be gifted the charismata of the Spirit (Acts 2:38-40). Unlikely the pneumatological concept of the Charismatic movements, it is not only a means to achieve the God’s redemptive task, but also a resolution to prepare a residence for the God the Spirit in the hearts of the believers. Consequently sanctification should be the centred-ethos in the manifestation and application of the charismata of the Spirit in the Charismatic movements. The Charismatic believe that the anointing with the Spirit is the presence of God. However, the sanctifying characteristics, which come through God’s presence, are scarcely demonstrated in the life of the Charismatic believers. In the eschatological perspective, this research unveils the anointing with Spirit, poured upon the body of the Anointed One, is for eschatological completion, confirming the godly guarantee of his physical presence of the Anointed One by indwelling of his Spirit in and among their eschatological sanctuary. Simultaneously the anointing with the Spirit is perceived as a reality to encounter the upcoming dreadful judgment day of the Lord which will occur to the world. Justification and sanctification are essential requirements to face those days. Then the anointing with the Spirit in the Charismatic movement is by no means operated only for the present prosperity gospel. Eschatological imminence should be the foundational theology for both the Reformed and the Charismatic traditions. In assessment and evaluation of the Charismatic movements, this research analyses the cohorts of the Charismatic have ostensibly collapsed into a predicament over the intuitive characteristics due to the deficiency of its confirmation with the authority of Scripture in the process of charismatic manifestations of the Spirit. Some Charismatics blunder into a deception since they incline to shape their ethos on emotional and sensational experience, rather than to formulate these experiences in response to the authentic truth of Scripture. In this regards, this research indicates the Charismatics is to revise their dogmata according to Scripture. If spirituality is correlated to the knowledge of God through his Spirit, then the experience of genuine spirituality must be joined to what is meant by the truth of the Spirit. Nevertheless in search for the charismatic anointing with the Spirit, this study does not disregard the essential function of both inspirational intuition and rational conception to form their theology and beliefs on Scriptural foundation. The Reformed contends that they should eliminate the insecure and instinctive category of procedures and solemnly rely on the adequacy and exclusivity of Scriptural authority. The Charismatics believe that such knowledge is not seriously dissimilar to the imperfect nature of contemporary causes. However, both perspectives require some consideration. The instruction of the essence either repeats Scripture either Scriptural or is invalid. Finally this investigation illustrates some contributions of the Charismatic movement that entails the revitalized crucial function of the charismata with manifestations of the Spirit for individual edification, energetic communal worship, and influential evangelism and particularly the contextualization in communication with other society and community in evangelism in the areas of the missio Spiritus, eschatology, and experience. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Dogmatics and Christian Ethics / unrestricted

The Dynamics of The Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius of Loyola Diploma thesis Gabriela Junasová Praha 2011 Abstract This Diploma thesis "The Dynamics of The Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius of Loyola" is trying to unveil on one side the dynamics that is behind the text of The Spiritual Exercises, on the other side the dynamics of the process of the spiritual exercises itself. It is trying to demonstrate that a text written in the 16th century is adaptable and flexible in its usage thanks to its layout: in form of annotations, rules and division of the exercises in four parts. This thesis took into account this adaptability of the text when an important part of the spiritual exercises: annotations and rules by which to perceive and understand to some extent the various movement produce in the soul, put together into one chapter even though they are not in the text itself. Also this thesis is trying to show the importance of the spiritual direction in interpretation and adaptability of the spiritual exercises on an individual. Furthermore this thesis is trying to show one of possible ways interpretation of the four weeks.

[pt] Conceitos Essenciais para uma Teologia Moral Fundamental pós-conciliar: reflexões a partir da Ética de Jesus nas Bem-aventuranças de Mt 5,3-10 propõe uma reflexão acerca das questões morais que assolam a humanidade. Faz um estudo filosófico do campo que alguns nomeiam de ética e outros, de moral para propor uma reflexão acerca da teologia moral e/ou da ética religiosa. Em seguida, procura estabelecer os fundamentos da ética teológica contemporânea. Sendo assim, faz uso dos conceitos de fenomenologia e intencionalidade, além de adentrar a antropologia teológica de Edith Stein e a Ética do Seguimento de Jesus de Nazaré. Em seguida, apresenta-se uma fundamentação histórica da teologia moral, desde o horizonte pós-tridentino e casuístico até o contexto pós-Vaticano II, por meio de seus principais teólogos moralistas. Na sequência, faz-se um esforço de reflexão acerca das Bem-Aventuranças, com uma exegese e hermenêutica de cunho ético-teológico. Por fim, debruça-se sobre os conceitos fundamentais da Teologia Moral Contemporânea com um destaque maior para os conceitos de Opção Fundamental, Discernimento Moral e Consciência. / [en] Essential Concepts for a Post-Conciliar Fundamental Moral Theology: Reflections from the Ethics of Jesus in the Beatitudes of Mt 5,3-10 proposes a reflection on the moral issues that plague humanity. There is a philosophical study of the field that some call ethics and others, moral to propose a reflection on moral theology and/or religious ethics. Then there is an attempt to the foundations of contemporary theological ethics. Therefore, the concepts of phenomenology and intentionality are used, in addition to entering the theological anthropology of Edith Stein and the Ethics of the Follow of Jesus of Nazareth. Then, a historical foundation of moral theology is presented, from the post-Tridentine and casuistic horizons to the post-Vatican II context, through its main moralist theologians. Subsequently, an effort is made to reflect on the Beatitudes, with an exegesis and hermeneutics of an ethical-theological nature. Finally, it focuses on the fundamental concepts of Contemporary Moral Theology with a greater emphasis on the concepts of Fundamental Option, Moral Discernment and Conscience.

The dissertation is a study of the origins, development and contemporary manifestations of Christian retreats. It traces origins from the Biblical record until current retreats. Christian retreat is a period of withdrawal from usual activities to experience encounter with God through Christian prayer. Jesus' pattern of engagement in ministry and withdrawal is a vital basis for retreat. Other Biblical descriptions of retreat are studied. There is an examination of retreat experiences in Church history with a particular focus on monasticism, as a major expression of retreat life, and Ignatius of Loyola, the founder of the modern retreat movement. Varieties of subsequent retreat types in the spiritualities of different traditions from the Protestant Reformation onwards are considered. The spectrum of study includes Protestant, Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Pentecostal spiritualities. The study culminates in focusing on current Ignatian and other retreats in their many forms. This includes private devotions to lengthy periods of retreat. / Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology / M.Th. (Christian Spirituality)

<p>This dissertation contains an edition of <i>Dyalogus super Reuelacionibus beate Birgitte</i>, which is a discussion and defence of the Revelations (<i>Reuelaciones</i>) of St. Birgitta of Sweden (ca. 1303-1373). In legal proceedings at the Council of Basle (1431-1449), the <i>Reuelaciones</i> were accused of heresy, examined and defended. Among the defenders was Heymericus de Campo (1395-1460), who at that time was professor of theology at the University of Cologne. In addition to the formal examination reports, Heymericus wrote a dialogue on the subject. The <i>Dyalogus</i>, which was probably composed as a contribution to a debate, is tentatively dated to have been written between October 1434 and February 17, 1435. The main part of <i>Dyalogus </i>consists of 123 text passages extracted from the <i>Reuelaciones</i> and accused of heresy, and Heymericus’ defence of these text passages. The aim of the defence is to prove that the <i>Reuelaciones</i> are truly orthodox and thus inspired by God. In addition, Heymericus intends to display the reasons and arguments the impugners had for questioning the <i>Reuelaciones</i>. <i>Dyalogus</i> and the other defences were read and copied foremost within the Birgittine order. The judgement passed at the proceedings called for a commentary before the <i>Reuelaciones</i> could be disseminated to the whole of their extent. To the Birgittines the defences of Basle filled this purpose, at least for some time. </p><p>The extensive introduction of the thesis deals with the historical context of the text, its use and importance, its place within the author’s literary production, the contents and language of the text, and finally the textual transmission. Vadstena Abbey’s copy of the text is chosen as base manuscript for the edition.</p>

This dissertation contains an edition of Dyalogus super Reuelacionibus beate Birgitte, which is a discussion and defence of the Revelations (Reuelaciones) of St. Birgitta of Sweden (ca. 1303-1373). In legal proceedings at the Council of Basle (1431-1449), the Reuelaciones were accused of heresy, examined and defended. Among the defenders was Heymericus de Campo (1395-1460), who at that time was professor of theology at the University of Cologne. In addition to the formal examination reports, Heymericus wrote a dialogue on the subject. The Dyalogus, which was probably composed as a contribution to a debate, is tentatively dated to have been written between October 1434 and February 17, 1435. The main part of Dyalogus consists of 123 text passages extracted from the Reuelaciones and accused of heresy, and Heymericus’ defence of these text passages. The aim of the defence is to prove that the Reuelaciones are truly orthodox and thus inspired by God. In addition, Heymericus intends to display the reasons and arguments the impugners had for questioning the Reuelaciones. Dyalogus and the other defences were read and copied foremost within the Birgittine order. The judgement passed at the proceedings called for a commentary before the Reuelaciones could be disseminated to the whole of their extent. To the Birgittines the defences of Basle filled this purpose, at least for some time. The extensive introduction of the thesis deals with the historical context of the text, its use and importance, its place within the author’s literary production, the contents and language of the text, and finally the textual transmission. Vadstena Abbey’s copy of the text is chosen as base manuscript for the edition.