本研究關心多探討內隱自尊之下，內隱自尊與外顯自尊之落差對憂鬱的影響。近代憂鬱心理病理研究，大多支持憂鬱症患者具有低外顯自尊，然而自尊是多重面向的構念，根據認知雙元模式，自尊依據能否透過意識覺察分為內隱與外顯兩層面，本研究期望以過去自尊與憂鬱相關理論及實徵研究為基礎，進一步探討除了外顯自尊，內隱與外顯自尊之落差對憂鬱的影響，由此更全面地瞭解自尊在憂鬱心理病理的作用。由於內隱自尊是不受意識控制的潛在歷程，受到外在壓力事件促發而彰顯，因此本研究會納入壓力作為探討內外自尊落差影響憂鬱之考量，另，探索內外自尊落差對憂鬱的預測性也是本研究的主要目的。故本研究欲了解在壓力事件下是否彰顯自尊落差對憂鬱脆弱性的預測效果，並控制外顯自尊與壓力的作用以得知自尊落差對憂鬱是否具有獨特貢獻性。研究對象採用120位的大學生，測量憂鬱、外顯自尊程度和進行內隱自尊測量，並追蹤一個月所經歷生活壓力事件程度及憂鬱程度。研究結果有幾項主要的發現：（1）外顯自尊與壓力的交互作用對憂鬱有顯著預測性；（2）控制外顯自尊與壓力的交互作用後，內隱與外顯自尊之落差和壓力的交互作用對憂鬱具有預測性。研究貢獻在於支持內隱與外顯自尊的落差在壓力事件下對憂鬱具有增益效度。 / The main purpose of the study was to examine the predictive effect of the discrepancy between implicit and explicit self-esteem with stressful life events on depression. Explicit self-esteem has claimed to be an important factor in the development and maintenance of depression. Recently, it has suggested that implicit self-esteem, and the discrepancy between implicit and explicit self-esteem, could also relate to depression. There were several theories about the effects of explicit and implicit self-esteem on depression. First, the dysfunctional self-attitudes underlying depression operate in an implicit fashion, and the implicit negative cognitive styles increase one’s risk for depression following stressful life events. Second, the discrepancy between implicit and explicit self-esteem reflects on the nature of self-discrepancy and self-esteem instability, which is relate to cognitive vulnerability to depression. In addition, the effect of implicit self-esteem on depression was still indistinct. Accordingly, we hope to consider the effect of implicit self-esteem and more clearly present the theoretical importance of the effect of the relationship between implicit and explicit self-esteem on depression. Participants were 120 college students. Implicit self-esteem was assessed using the Implicit Association Test, whereas explicit self-esteem was measured using a self-reporting questionnaire: Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The Beck Depression Inventory were completed to measure symptoms of depression, and the Life Events Scale for College Students was to measure the stress they have undergone four weeks follow-up. The results indicated that explicit self-esteem interacted with life stress to predict prospective changes in depression. Furthermore, after controlling the effect of explicit self-esteem and life stress, and the interaction of explicit self-esteem with life stress , the size of the discrepancy between implicit and explicit self-esteem interacted with life stress to remain a unique predictor of depression over the four-week prospective interval. Together, these findings provide new insights into the relationship of implicit and explicit self-esteem with depression.

When a client has cognitive impairment resulting from cerebral dysfunction (CD) that goes undiagnosed and, therefore, untreated, psychotherapy and rehabilitation outcome is likely to be impacted negatively. Due primarily to managed care, screening for CD has reduced substantially. Master's level counselors need a cost-efficient way to detect possible CD and, thus, justify referral for neuropsychological evaluation. This study examined the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence™ (WASI™) instrument's ability to screen for possible CD by examining the relationship between a) WASI Performance IQ (PIQ) and Verbal IQ (VIQ) scores and neuropsychological test scores, and b) the VIQ-PIQ discrepancy and the severity of disability. In this retrospective study, test scores were extrapolated from neuropsychological assessments conducted between 2001 and 2004 on 73 CD-diagnosed adults at a CARF accredited rehabilitation facility. Disability severity ratings of mild, moderate, and severe were assigned based on clinical judgment and interrater agreement. The assessment battery included the WASI and several neuropsychological tests: Halstead-Reitan TPT, TMT-A and B, and FOT; WMS-III VR-I and 2, LM-1 and 2, and MC; McCarron-Dial HVDT; SDMT; and SCT. Based upon a multitrait-multimethod matrix, mild to moderate convergent and discriminant validity was found with the WASI VIQ and PIQ traits among neuropsychological verbal and performance measures. Statistically, the SCT, TMT-A, and HVDT-right shape were most predictive of the PIQ, and the WMS-III LM-2 and MC were most predictive of the VIQ. VIQ-PIQ discrepancy did not predict severity of disability, but IQ means and subtest scores between the mild and severe groups were significantly different. Results indicated that WASI VIQ-PIQ discrepancy did not detect CD. However, WASI subtest scores of 40 or lower may justify further evaluation of potential CD. Contrary to the WASI manual, Similarities and Block Design rather than Vocabulary and Matrix Reasoning subtest scores may be more predictive of CD. This author suggested that counselors administer the WASI, SCT, and TMT-A as a time efficient screening method for CD.

Objetivo: Comparar in vitro la adaptación marginal de coronas unitarias de porcelana vitrocerámica elaboradas con tres sistemas de procesado. Materiales y métodos: El presente estudio fue de tipo experimental in vitro. La muestra estuvo conformada por 69 coronas de porcelana vitrocerámica fabricadas con los sistemas: CAD-CAM, inyección de porcelana y condensación sobre muñón refractario. Para la evaluación de la discrepancia marginal vertical se realizó un registro fotográfico con una cámara digital y un lente macroscópico de 100 milímetros. Las imágenes fueron medidas digitalmente (ImageJ) y se utilizaron 52 puntos aleatorios de discrepancia marginal vertical alrededor de las coronas para obtener el promedio de cada una de ellas. Se utilizó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis para realizar la comparación entre los grupos de estudio con un nivel de significancia estadística de p<0.05. Resultados: El presente estudio encontró diferencias estadísticamente significativas al comparar los tres sistemas de procesado (<0.001). El sistema CAD-CAM tuvo una discrepancia marginal vertical menor (53 µm) en comparación con el sistema de inyección de porcelana (85 µm) y el de condensación sobre muñón refractario (113 µm). Conclusiones: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los tres grupos de estudio. Asimismo, el sistema CAD-CAM tuvo una mayor adaptación marginal en comparación con los otros dos métodos de fabricación. Finalmente, los tres sistemas de confección utilizados tuvieron una discrepancia marginal vertical por debajo del límite establecido por la Asociación Americana de Odontología (<120 µm). / Objective: To compare in vitro the marginal adaptation of ceramic glass porcelain single crowns made with three processing systems. Materials and methods: The present study was experimental in vitro. The sample consisted of 69 glass ceramic porcelain crowns manufactured with the following three systems: CAD-CAM, porcelain injection and powder condensation. For de measurement of the vertical marginal discrepancy, the crowns were photographed using a digital camera with a macroscopic lens of 100 millimeters. The images were imported into image processing software (ImageJ) and 52 points were randomly selected around the crown to measure the vertical marginal discrepancy. For each crown, the 52 measurements were combined into a single average marginal discrepancy. Kruskal-Wallis was used to test differences in the observed marginal discrepancies between the study groups. (p <0.05) Results: This study found statistically significant differences when comparing the three different processing systems (<0.001). The CAD-CAM system had a smaller vertical marginal discrepancy (53 µm) compared to the porcelain injection (85 µm) and the powder condensation techniques (113 µm). Conclusions: Statistically significant differences were found between the three study groups. Also, the CAD-CAM system had a greater marginal adaptation compared to the other two manufacturing techniques. Finally, the three fabrication methods used in this study had a vertical marginal discrepancy within the limit established by the American Dental Association (<120 µm). / Tesis

This master's thesis is focused on determination and analysis of stress and strain in femur with distraction intramedullary nail for treating leg length discrepancy with the method of distraction osteogenesis. Thesis is mainly focused on states after distraction when the callus consolidates. Problem of determining stress and strain is solved by computational modeling using FEM. Detailed description of modeling is included in this thesis, complicated 3D geometry of bone was acquired from segmentation of CT images. Computational model is solve with 4 different types of callus geometry and also material properties of callus are varied. The influence on stress and strain when the middle distal screw is not applied is also analyzed.

The stable solution of ill-posed non-linear operator equations in Banach space requires regularization. One important approach is based on Tikhonov regularization, in which case a one-parameter family of regularized solutions is obtained. It is crucial to choose the parameter appropriately. Here, a variant of the discrepancy principle is analyzed. In many cases such parameter choice exhibits the feature, called regularization property below, that the chosen parameter tends to zero as the noise tends to zero, but slower than the noise level. Here we shall show such regularization property under two natural assumptions. First, exact penalization must be excluded, and secondly, the discrepancy principle must stop after a finite number of iterations. We conclude this study with a discussion of some consequences for convergence rates obtained by the discrepancy principle under the validity of some kind of variational inequality, a recent tool for the analysis of inverse problems.

Malgré le rôle central qu’ils jouent dans la sexualité, le désir sexuel et le comportement sexuel restent mal compris – particulièrement chez les couples. La rareté des résultats empiriques dans ce domaine contribue à l’écart qui existe actuellement entre la recherche en sexualité et la pratique clinique, et peut impacter négativement la qualité des soins disponibles aux nombreux couples qui consultent pour des problèmes de désir sexuel - la plainte la plus courante en thérapie sexuelle. L'objectif des trois articles de cette recherche doctorale était d'aider à combler cette lacune en étudiant le désir sexuel dans le cadre d’une perspective relationnelle. L’hypothèse de départ de ce travail était que le bien-être de chaque partenaire est influencé en interaction avec l’autre partenaire, et que cette influence est médiée en partie par le comportement sexuel du couple. Les résultats obtenus appuient cette hypothèse : Ils suggèrent que les interactions positives pendant les rapports sexuels, telles que les motivations d'approche « pour soi » et « pour l’autre » des deux partenaires et les comportements génitaux et affectifs du couple sont associées à une plus grande satisfaction sexuelle et à un plus fort sentiment d’intimité (étude 1). À l'inverse, les difficultés sexuelles telles que le faible désir sexuel sont associées à des restrictions de comportement sexuel et à l'insatisfaction sexuelle (étude 2). De même, les asynchronies entre partenaires telles que les décalages de désir sexuel sont associées à une plus grande détresse sexuelle (étude 3). Enfin, la troisième étude commence à établir une direction et une portée à ces associations, en suggérant que les problèmes de décalage de désir sexuel prédisent la détresse sexuelle d'un jour à l'autre, et que ces associations quotidiennes sont reflétées par des associations plus distales sur des périodes d’un an ou plus. Ces résultats sont cohérents avec les recherches récentes sur la régulation émotionnelle en sexualité, et plus spécifiquement, avec des modèles où le désir sexuel joue un rôle régulateur, médié par des variations de comportement sexuel. Il est espéré qu'au-delà de ces contributions conceptuelles, la présente recherche sera utile aux cliniciens. En particulier, ces résultats soutiennent les thérapies qui se concentrent sur les interactions quotidiennes entre les partenaires pour aider les couples aux prises avec des problèmes de désir sexuel. / Despite the central role they play in sexuality, sexual desire and sexual behaviour remain poorly understood in committed couples. The paucity of empirical results in this area contributes to the distance between research and clinical practice, and negatively impacts the quality of care offered to the many couples seeking help for sexual desire issues – the most common complaint in sex therapy. The objective of the three articles in this doctoral research was to help address this gap by studying sexual desire within a relational perspective, working from the assumption that each partner’s wellbeing was influenced by that of the other partner, and that this influence was mediated in part by the couples’ sexual behaviour. Results from this research suggest that positive interactions during sex, such as self- and other-approach motives and genital and affective behaviours, are associated with greater sexual satisfaction and intimacy (study 1). In contrast, sexual difficulties such as low sexual desire are associated with restrictions in sexual behaviour and sexual dissatisfaction (study 2), and asynchronies between partners such as sexual desire discrepancy are associated with sexual distress (study 3). Furthermore, the third study begins to establish a direction and span to these associations, by suggesting that issues with sexual desire discrepancy are predictive of sexual distress from one day to the next, and that these daily associations are mirrored by more distal associations spanning a year or more. These results are consistent with recent research on emotional regulation in sexuality, and more specifically, with proposals that sexual desire plays a regulatory role in the couple, mediated by variations in sexual behaviour. It is hoped that, beyond these conceptual contributions, this research will be of use to clinicians. In particular, these results support the use of therapies that focus on everyday interactions between partners to help couples struggling with sexual desire issues.

No description available.

In this study, the effect of a passive trapped-vortex cell on lift to drag (L/D) ratio of an FFA-W3-301 airfoil is studied. The upper surface of the airfoil was modified to incorporate a cavity defined by seven parameters. The L/D ratio of the airfoil is modeled using a radial basis function metamodel. This model is used to find the optimal design parameter values that give the highest L/D. The numerical results indicate that the L/D ratio is most sensitive to the position on an airfoil’s upper surface at which the cavity starts, the position of the end point of the cavity, and the vertical distance of the cavity end point relative to the airfoil surface. The L/D ratio can be improved by locating the cavity start point at the point of separation for a particular angle of attack. The optimal cavity shape (o19_aXX) is also tested for a NACA0024 airfoil.

No description available.

No description available.