Kritiker anklagar ständigt Disney och deras verk då de hävdar att dessa innehåller stereotypa skildringar gällande bland annat genus och etnicitet, som i sin tur skapar negativ inverkan hos barn. Syftet med denna studie har därför fokus på att undersöka om Disneys sagor innehåller några stereotypa skildringar gällande könsroller, mansbild, kvinnobild, onda karaktärer samt raser/etnicitet och hur pass frekvent dessa i så fall förekommer. De problempreciseringar som studien tar sin utgångspunkt ur är: Förekommer det frekvent tydliga stereotypa skildringar i Disneys sagor, och i så fall vilka?, Hur skildras Disneys figurer då och nu, finns det några skillnader och/eller likheter? samt Hur påverkas barn av dessa, eventuella, stereotypa skildringar? Den empiriska forskningsdelen grundar sig på både en kvantitativ samt kvalitativ studie där slutligen 17 sagor, innehållande i huvudsak mänskligt skildrade karaktärer, från Disneys klassiker har granskats, dokumenterats och tolkats av oss. Studien har utmynnat i ett resultat där det tydligt framkommer att Disneys verk innehåller stereotypa skildringar av olika slag och att dessa, i stort, inte förändrats märkbart över tid. Vidare framkom det däremot, ur vår litteratur, skilda åsikter gällande om barn påverkas av dessa framställningar eller ej samt hur pass allvarligt vuxna och pedagoger bör förhålla sig till detta.

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Texte remanié de: Dissertation Ph. D.--History--University College London. / Bibliogr. p. 253-262. Filmogr. p. 263-266.

While political praise and condemnation of Disney is commonplace in the literature, my research will focus instead on the origination of Disney's design plan for Disneyland and the theoretical and physical connections between key historical figures and the finished product. I will not consider what Disneyland means to the world today---that is a subject many others have covered, some even brilliantly; instead, I will consider what social concepts contributed to the initial design in an attempt to see the underlying values at work in this post-modern utopia. In this thesis, I intend to show that Walt Disney's initial design for Disneyland was influenced by Ebenezer Howard's Garden City concept. In addition to Howard's vision, Disney also incorporated concepts from Frank Lloyd Wright's architecture and Henry Ford's mass market manufacturing theories. I do not intend to claim that these are the only influences on Disney's initial plan for his amusement park, but I will show that the physical layout of the park reflects Howard's Garden City plan, the architecture considers some of Wright's designs, and the way the park is run incorporates some of the ideas of Henry Ford. I have purposely avoided any works that consider the corporate aspects of Disney and the current Disney Corporation. Instead, I have focused my research on the intentions surrounding Disney's initial design plan. My position is that Disney's parks are real, successful, and expanding internationally - not mere fantasy like earlier 19th social reformers whose actual accomplishments are relatively small and have not been not sustainable locally or internationally. Disney realized the importance of a TEMPORARY place rather than a PERMANENT residence. Disney understood the literal definition of utopia to mean "no where" and therefore did not create a utopia that was a real place. Both Howard and Disney sought to offer a utopia. Howard had hopes of revitalizing the social order with his new cities, and Disney hoped to offer the average family a place where they could have fun and enjoy one another in a safe and entertaining environment.

This dissertation aims to analyse the re-creation and transformation of animated films into theatrical spectacles, by examining two Walt Disney animations and productions as case studies: Beauty and the Beast (1991 & 1994) and The Lion King (1994 & 1997), designed by Stanley Meyer (Beauty and the Beast [1994]) and Julie Taymor (The Lion King [1997]), respectively. Through a semiotic analysis of the productions viewed in the Monte-Teatro in Johannesburg (Beauty and the Beast [2007]) and the Lyceum in London (The Lion King [2010]), the scenographic choices of the designers are examined to ascertain the ways in which the re-creation and transformation from animation to theatre occurs. A study of the different styles is conducted, as the case studies were visually different from each other, and from their animated counterparts. Each case study contributes to an understanding of the process whereby an animated film can be transformed and re-created for the theatre. An investigation into The Walt Disney Company, from its inception to its present day theatrical productions, is undertaken to illustrate how The Walt Disney Company has become an influential force in the international performance industry. Responses by reviewers are used to demonstrate how The Walt Disney Company was influenced to alter the conceptual approach for its subsequent theatrical production. To aid in the analysis of the scenographic designs, the theoretical writings of Martin Esslin (1987) and Keir Elam (1980) are consulted to develop an understanding of how designs are integral to the reception of any production. Developments of scenography are explored from Aristotle who states that theatre does not need any spectacle (design) to portray the poetry of the performance, to Sternfeld’s analysis of megamusicals which illustrates the spectacular designs that have become integral to the development of certain productions, and genres. Using Wickstrom’s article on The Lion King an examination of how the commodities produce meaning from the production is undertaken. This dissertation provides insight into the development of scenographic designs and the recreation and transformation of specific elements from animated film to theatrical spectacle through an appropriation of theories about transposing theatre into film (Egil Tornqvist, 2009). This, in conjunction with Guy Debord’s theories (1995) on the society of the spectacle, aids in the analysis of the spectacle/scenography. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.

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This study examines the connection between organizational crisis communication and sensemaking. In particular, the research focuses on messages of instructing, adjusting and reputation management and the use of social media in distributing these messages through and by the Tokyo Disney Resort during the earthquake/tsunami/nuclear crisis that hit Japan in 2011. Case study methods are used to analyze news coverage, Twitter and YouTube videos, informed by personal interviews and documentation related to the crisis and the Tokyo Disney Resort. The analysis found that the Tokyo Disney Resort provided messages of instructing, adjusting and reputation management in order to effectively foster the sensemaking process, which was corroborated by personal communication with cast members. Messages of instruction were delivered regularly through a park-wide speaker system and cast members who also provided instruction to minimize harm. Adjusting information was evident in effectively taking care of guests’ physical and psychological needs through provision of food, water, blankets, etc. and by keeping them updated about the status of the outside world. Finally, messages of reputation management were apparent in the Resort’s willingness to put people above profit by sacrificing food, products and money to help victims of the disaster.

Disney’s princesses and heroines have long captured the minds and hearts of young girls with their magical dress. This thesis researches the fashion symbols in a chosen set of animated movies and relate this to children’s reception, sexuality and gender issues and narrative identities. A semiotic analysis of the movies and relating them to read literature will shine a new light on this subject.

This study examines how women are portrayed in four of Disney’s feature films, withthe focus on the presentation of relations between women. The films examined areSnow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), Sleeping Beauty (1959), The Little Mermaid(1989) and Frozen (2013). The aim is to analyse the development that has taken placefrom a gender perspective, from the earliest film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs(1937), to the latest, Frozen (2013), and to reveal the significance of the femalecharacters for each other. The films’ portrayal of women and female relations isdiscussed in relation to previous criticism of Disney for their stereotyped portrayal ofwomen, and through a thematic comparison with the known fairytales on which thefilms are based. The analysis has been performed with the aid of content analysis basedon Stukát (2011) and Ledin & Moberg (2010). The theoretical foundation is gendertheory, chiefly using Jarlbro (2006), Nilson (2010) and Davies (2003).One finding of this study is that it is only in the recent films that more room has beengiven to a positive relationship between women. In the early films there is more hatebetween women, who are therefore not shown as good objects for young girls toidentify with, whereas the later films often depict relations between women as loving.However, the mother figure and female friends are often absent from Disney’s films.These relationships are often described as being the most important for girls’ identitydevelopment, and therefore the early Disney films can be assumed to lack goodidentification possibilities for girls. Another finding is that the female characters havebecome more complex in the recent films, not following traditional female behaviour.

Art Spiegelman realitzà a Maus una biografia sobre les experiències del seu pare com a víctima de l’Holocaust. El que normalment hagués estat una altra narració de supervivència va constituir un abans i un després per tractar-se d’una novel·la gràfica, un suport molt poc habitual per temes de tanta gravetat. Spiegelman dibuixa a jueus i nazis mitjançant ratolins i gats, respectivament. Aquest plantejament representatiu és assumit de forma natural pel lector, però en realitat es tracta d’una inversió de caràcters entre els dos animals, que només es pot entendre si s’analitzen els precedents gràfics de l’autor. L’animalització dels jueus per part dels nazis, la propaganda bèl·lica feta des del món de l’animació de la mà de Disney i la càrrega visual dels dibuixos animats des del anys trenta convergeixen en l’imaginari de Spiegelman i en la correcta comprensió del seu text. / Art Spiegelman made in Maus a biography about his father's experiences as a victim of the Holocaust. What normally would have been another story of survival made a difference for its genre: the graphic novel, which is an unusual support for topics with such burden. Spiegelman draws the Jews and Nazis as mice and cats, respectively. This representational approach is naturally assumed by the reader, but actually it is a reversal of characters between the two animals, which can only be understood if we analyze the author's graphic background. The animalisation of Jews by Nazis, the war propaganda from Disney’s animation, and the visual influence of cartoons from the thirties, converge in Spiegelman’s imaginary and in the correct understanding of his text.