No description available.

This study utilized a phenomenological approach to describe the experience of displaced individuals and families in a condition of statelessness in a refugee camp and their experiences prelight, translight, and postlight. Topics addressed included the conditions that led to flight from the country of origin and the individual and family experiences in the country of origin prior to flight and during flight, the experiences of living as a refugee in a refugee camp in Greece, and the hopes and dreams of the future for the individual and the family. Fourteen individuals, including five children in seven families were interviewed in the study. Four of the seven families in the research included multiple members of the immediate family. Data analysis followed Moustakas’ (1994) traditional phenomenological technique. Results indicated turmoil in the country of origin was the primary reason for flight. All nine adult refugees indicated some type of danger or unrest necessitating flight from their country of origin. Two families were forced from their country of origin based on ethnicity. Results also indicated that separation of immediate family members was a common experience among refugee families. Six of the seven families reported separation, for various reasons, from immediate family members during the time of this study. Those separated expressed a desire to remain in close contact by any means possible with family members; this was critical for survival, according to those interviewed. Although there were some negative expressions of life as a refugee, such as the difficulty in understanding asylum processes, boredom and a lack of purpose, and a lack of opportunity for education and skills training in the camp, the overall reflections were positive, sharing hopefulness for a better future.

This thesis builds upon the etiology of forced migration studies. It contributes to the field in three specific ways. First, by using a global database that is not limited to OECD countries; second, by observing the last twenty years, which is also the most migrant intense period in human history; third, by operationalizing human rights violations as an independent variable. I conduct statistical analyses using fixed effects least squares, on a pooled cross-sectional time-series data set, consisting of data from 175 countries for the years 1995–2014. My findings contradict two recent studies that have suggested that the reasons behind forced migration have changed since the end of the Cold War. Rather, the results of this study support the conclusion that threats against personal integrity causes people to leave their homes. International violence on the own nations territory as a threat to the personal integrity, civil violence as a threat to the personal integrity and dissident violence as a threat to the personal integrity all have statistical significant effects on refugee populations. I conclude the thesis by suggesting several areas that should be of great interest for further research.

Context: This thesis analyzes media coverage in Canada of environmentally displaced people (EDP) due to their recent prominence in political discussions on a national and international level as well as in the literature. Objectives: This thesis has three goals, notably (1) to raise awareness of EDP as a social phenomenon; (2) to understand how EDP are currently constructed in the public sphere; and (3) to analyze whether Canadian media characterizes EDP within discourses of victimization and/or devictimization. Ultimately, this thesis investigates: How does Canadian print media represent environmentally displaced people? Methodology: A total of 149 (132 English and 17 French) Canadian news articles, appearing from 2000 to 2017, were selected for analysis through a search strategy that included specific key words. The articles selected appeared in the Toronto Star, Globe & Mail, Montreal Gazette, Ottawa Citizen, Vancouver Sun, Le Journal de Québec, La Presse, and Canada Newswire. Results: The results were analyzed by using a frame analysis. Based on this analysis, a few key points were commonly used to represent EDP, including the uncertainty over which terms to use, their quantification, as well as a scare tactic to entice action towards climate change. Overall, the media tended to portray EDP using themes of devictimization. Conclusion: Future research should be conducted to continue to analyze media representations of those displaced. It is also imperative to collect more data on EDP in order to resolve the debate around their definition and officially recognize one term to help facilitate research and increase the legitimacy of those displaced - whether they are recognized as migrants or refugees.

The integration of Ukrainian Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in host communities is as multi-dimensional as the political crisis of 2014 that led to the displacement. Having made a difficult choice to let go of their past lives to escape from the constant shelling and instability of the self-proclaimed republics, IDPs hoped to find shelter and be accepted by their fellow countrymen. While many surveys claim that Ukrainians generally seem to have tolerant attitudes towards IDPs, the findings of my study strongly indicate that quite often IDPs normalize stigmatization they face. This study employed qualitative research methods and relied on twenty-eight semi-structured in-depth interviews with internally displaced students – a group not often studied by researchers. Each interview explored issues relating to the identities of IDPs and their juxtaposition (Ukrainian, resettler and regional identity). Similar to other studies based on qualitative strategies, this research has its limitations, stemming from difficulties to extract opinions that would not be tainted by the desire to fit into a particular narrative or match perceived expectations. While researchers can attempt to remain unbiased and be aware of their subconscious beliefs, we cannot be certain that what interviewees share with us is what they sincerely believe. Nevertheless, taking into account these limitations, qualitative studies are essential for understanding the experiences of Ukrainian IDPs. While more research is needed to get to the roots of the issues surrounding the unique challenges of IDPs’ integration, this thesis makes a step to analyze what causes stigmatization of Ukrainian IDPs, how IDPs choose to respond to the stigma, what kind of strategies they use to manage it, how they interact with locals in the host communities and what are the consequences of such stigmatization. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka begreppet hälsa bland kvinnliga georgiska internflyktingar (Internal Displaced People, IDP). Detta är en empirisk studie med en kvalitativ metod som bygger på semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Sammanlagt sju IDP kvinnor i staden Zugdidi i Georgien deltog. Dataanalysen var inspirerad av Burnard's (1991) innehållsanalys, och resulterade i två kategorier: 1) Upplevelsen av kontroll med underrubrikerna Social situation, Familj och Avsaknad av pengar och 2) Upplevelsen av identitet med underrubrikerna Ursprung, Anpassningsförmåga och Självkänsla. Dessa är alla avgörande faktorer för att deltagarna skall kunna leva ett liv med värdighet och kontroll; båda viktiga faktorer för hälsan. Marmots teori om sociala bestämningsfaktorer för hälsa har influerat dataanalys och kategorisering. Ytterligare studier i detta ämne skulle vara av värde för att vägleda sjukvården i hur man bättre kan arbeta förebyggande samt möta behoven hos kvinnliga internflyktingar samt internationella flyktingar. / The aim of this study was to examine the health concept of Georgian female IDP´s. This is an empirical study with a qualitative approach based on semi-structured interviews. In total seven IDP women in the city of Zugdidi in Georgia participated. The data analysis was inspired by Burnard’s (1991) content analysis, and resulted in two categories: 1) The experience of Control with the sub-headings Social Situation, Family and Lack of money and 2) The experience of Identity with the sub-headings Origin, Ability to cope and Self-worth. These are all crucial factors for the participants to lead a life with dignity and in control, which are important for having health. Marmot’s theory on social determinants of health has influenced the data analysis and categorization. Further studies on this subject would be of value to guide the healthcare system in how to better prevent and meet the needs of female IDP’s and refuges.

There is a grave concern for the life, liberty and security of individuals who have been forced to leave their homes and have become dispersed within their native countries and throughout the Asian continent. These internally displaced persons and refugees are the subject of this study. Some of the themes that will be discussed include: civil war, human rights violations and the economy, since these are the problems affecting the populations of Afghanistan, Pakistan and Myanmar. These case studies are of particular interest because Afghanistan is where most refugees come from, Myanmar has the longest-running military regime and Pakistan hosts the most refugees in the world. All three case studies are currently in a state of civil war, are breeding grounds for violations of human rights and have corrupt economies. Thus, the goal is to end armed conflict, to put an end to the human rights violations that come with it and to restructure the economies in each of these nation states so that the internally displaced persons and refugees can be repatriated, since displacement has become too much of a burden for Afghanistan, Pakistan and Myanmar's neighboring countries, who have been taking in all of the refugees from said countries. Theoretically, if the issues causing displacement were to be solved, then the countries that host refugees would be able to concentrate on their own populations. This study can potentially address the gap between knowledge, policy formation, and policy implementation to realize the goals of the international community in dealing with the displacement crisis.

No description available.

The Thesis begins with an analysis of the effects of environmental disasters and various approaches of states to mitigate them. The results of this analysis evidence that while some effects of environmental disasters are more visible and easier to evaluate, as in the case of sudden onset disasters, others are less visible and grow more deadly over time, as in the case of slow onset disasters. Moreover, the effects of environmental disasters on people depend heavily on the state’s capacity to mitigate such effects. Then Author of the Thesis turns to the existing definitions for environmentally displaced people and as all existing definitions do not take into account the level of state protection available, a new definition is proposed. The new definition limits the scope to people seeking international protection due to environmental events, for which their country of origin does not offer any protection. It is analyzed in the second part of this Thesis the application of 1951 Geneva Convention to environmentally displaced people. Based on the assessment of state practice and the works of the most prominent scholars it is showed that environmentally displaced people may in fact be refugees, however, in a very small number of scenarios. The problem is that all of those scenarios are traditional refugee situations and environmental factors are not decisive circumstances when migration authorities determine if person is entitled to refugee status. Socio-economic rights within... [to full text] / Magistro baigiamasis darbas pradedamas gamtinių nelaimių sukeliamų padarinių ir valstybių veiksmų siekiant sumažinti jų padarinius analize. Analizė rodo, kad kai kurios gamtinės nelaimės gali būti lengviau pastebimos, tokios kaip staigios gamtinės nelaimės, o kitos sunkiau pastebimos ir įvertinimo, tokios kaip iš lėto besivystančios gamtinės nelaimės. Be to, gamtinių nelaimių padarinių sunkumas priklauso nuo to ar valstybė yra pajėgi sumažinti padarinius. Tuomet Magistro baigiamajame darbe yra analizuojami esami dėl gamtos nelaimių migruojančių asmenų apibrėžimai ir atsižvelgiant į tai, kad visi esami apibrėžimai nevertina kilmės valstybės teikiamos apsaugos, yra siūlomas naujas apibrėžimas. Šis apibrėžimas yra apribotas žmonėmis, siekiančiais tarptautinės apsaugos dėl gamtinių nelaimių, kurie negali pasinaudoti kilmės valstybės apsauga. Antrojoje šio Magistro baigiamojo darbo dalyje analizuojamas 1951 m. Ženevos Konvencijos „Dėl pabėgėlių statuso“ taikymas dėl gamtinių nelaimių migruojantiems asmenims. Atliktas valstybių praktikos ir doktrinos tyrimas atskleidė, kad dėl gamtinių nelaimių migruojantys asmenys gali būti pabėgėliais, tačiau tik išskirtinais atvejais. Be to, visais šiais atvejais paskatos palikti savo šalį dėl gamtinės nelaimės, nėra lemiantys faktoriai suteikti pabėgėlio statusą. Trečiojoje dalyje yra analizuojamas ryšys tarp socialinių, ekonomių teisių, non-refoulement principo ir gamtinių nelaimių. Analizė atskleidė, kad rimti socialinių, ekonominių teisių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:27:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1461750 bytes, checksum: ab64dcbe19beb2ea8db8f0f1c81d90e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis aims to analyze the international protection of human rights in the scope of International Institutions, based on a case study on their effectiveness in relation to internally displaced people in Colombia. It begins from the idea that the intrastate conflict wave, which emerged especially after the end of the Cold War, increased the complexity and persistence of forced migration that is particularly characterized by the flow of internal displacement. Within this conjuncture, the phenomenon of the internal displacement in Colombia is put in evidence, since the armed conflict that lingers in that territory for almost five decades contributed to make Colombia the State with the major number of displaced people in the world. In this opportunity, knowing that there is not a system or an international agency specifically focused on protecting those people, this study seeks to answer the central question: what are policies and issues in international protection in favor of internally displaced Colombians? Therefore, in a previous moment it discusses about the phenomenon of internal displacement in Colombia, emphasizing the causes and consequences of this problem; In sequence, it searches the instruments of the International Right that provide guarantees for the internally displaced people, and then it analyzes the performance of the International Institutions concerning to Colombian forced displacement, such as the protective ways in assistance to the internally displaced people in both national and international spheres. In general, the method of approach employed in this research is the deductive one, since it starts from wider perceptions of International Right and International Institutions to the study of the protection system in benefit to internally displaced people related to Colombian conjuncture. Face to those points, it is argued that the international protection to the internally displaced people in Colombia is limited and flawed due to the absence of consistent coordination and resources, and because of insufficient planning added to a selective and negligent performance. / A presente dissertação pretende analisar a proteção internacional dos direitos humanos, no campo de atuação das Instituições Internacionais, tendo como base um estudo de caso sobre a sua efetividade em relação aos deslocados internos na Colômbia. Assim, parte-se da ideia de que a onda de conflitos intraestatais, que emergiu especialmente após o final da Guerra Fria, acentuou o quadro de complexidade e persistência da migração forçada, configurada, em particular, pelo fluxo do deslocamento interno. Dentro dessa conjuntura, coloca-se em evidência o fenômeno do deslocamento interno na Colômbia, uma vez que o conflito armado, que perdura no território por quase cinco décadas, contribuiu para torná-la o Estado com a maior cifra de deslocados no mundo. Neste ensejo, sabendo que não há um regime ou uma agência internacional especificamente voltada à proteção destas pessoas, procura-se responder a questão central do nosso estudo: quais as políticas e os problemas na proteção internacional dos deslocados internos colombianos? Assim sendo, no primeiro momento, discute-se o tema relativo ao fenômeno do deslocamento interno na Colômbia, lançando luzes à discussão sobre as causas e consequências desta problemática; logo após, averígua-se os instrumentos do Direito Internacional que fornecem garantias aos deslocados, para só então analisar a atuação das Instituições Internacionais no tocante ao problema do deslocamento forçado colombiano e debater acerca das formas de proteção aos deslocados internos, nos âmbitos nacional e internacional. De forma geral, o método de abordagem empregado, nesta pesquisa, é o dedutivo, uma vez que parte-se de percepções mais abrangentes do direito internacional e das instituições internacionais para estudar o sistema de proteção aos deslocados internos a partir do estudo da conjuntura colombiana. Frente aos pontos levantados, sustenta-se que a proteção internacional aos deslocados internos na Colômbia é limitada e apresenta falhas, pela ausência de uma coordenação consistente, de recursos e planejamentos insuficientes e por ser seletiva e negligente.