Despite extensive research on the effects of climate change on the displacement of populations, there is a lack of clarity in how environmentally displaced people should be conceptualized. As yet, there is no legal international definition agreed upon. There is however a broad debate on conceptualization, scholars whom argue that these people can be defined as environmental refugee whereas other scholars criticize the definition of a direct link between environment and displacement. This research explores this debate through a comparative case study that examines the implications of climate related displacement for two countries: (i) Bangladesh and (ii) Tuvalu. The case draws on the theoretical debate around displacement, together with a theoretically derived model of environmental displacement.   The findings consider how climate change will affect Bangladesh and Tuvalu and focuses on the countries’ national efforts to respond - efforts that call out for the international community to help and take responsibility. An analysis of the conceptualization of environmentally displaced people shows the difficulty of defining this status, due to the lack of an established international definition. In particular it means a lack in knowing who has the responsibility to protect these people now, and in the future. In a world where climate change will continue to affect both people and nature it is of importance to clarify these areas. By contributing to the topic of climate related displacement this study therefore brings forward the importance of the need for conceptualizing environmentally displaced people to give them the protection needed.

Com a atual preocupação ambiental e a necessidade de se conhecer os processos que regem o movimento da água e de solutos no solo, são necessários estudos que possibilitem aumentar a eficiência do uso de insumos no setor agrícola, que de certa forma possam mitigar o impacto das atividades deste setor sobre contaminação de águas subterrâneas. Portanto, objetivou-se com a presente pesquisa verificar os parâmetros de transporte do íon nitrato, diante de uma análise da influência dos respectivos íons acompanhantes, a partir de fontes distintas de nitrato, em seu deslocamento, com a elaboração de curvas de distribuição de efluentes (Breakthrough Curves (BTC)), em condições de amostras de solo deformadas e indeformadas. O trabalho foi realizado em condições de solo saturado e regime permanente, via aplicação de uma solução de nitrato na concentração de 50 g m-3 de NO3 -, por três diferentes fontes (Ca(NO3)2, NH4NO3 e KNO3), para dois tipos distintos de solos tropicais: Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo e Nitossolo Vermelho. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Solos e Qualidade de Água, do Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas da Escola Superior de Agricultura \"Luiz de Queiroz\", em Piracicaba - SP. Os parâmetros de transporte do íon nitrato na concentração de 50 g m-3 nos respectivos solos foram obtidos por um ajuste numérico utilizando-se o software STANMOD. Pelos resultados obtidos, pôde-se verificar que o deslocamento do nitrato está atrelado com as caraterísticas dos solos e que houve maiores efeitos de lixiviação para o Nitossolo Vermelho. Em termos da influência dos cátions acompanhantes do nitrato, em suas diferentes fontes distintas, pode-se dizer que não foram observados seus efeitos na mobilidade do nitrato no perfil do solo. / With the current environmental concerns and the need to understand the processes that govern the movement of water and solutes in soil, studies are needed to allow increasing the efficiency of input use in agriculture that somehow can mitigate the impact of activities of this sector on groundwater contamination. Therefore, the objective of this work was to verify the transport parameters of the nitrate, by analyzing the influence of the accompanying cation on nitrate displacement, through the development of distributions curves of effluents (Breakthrough Curves (BTC)), under conditions of disturbed and undisturbed samples in saturated soil and steady state conditions, via application of nitrate solution at a concentration of 50 g m-3 NO3 -, by three different sources (Ca(NO3)2, NH4NO3 and KNO3) and for two types of tropical soils: Yellow Oxisol and Anfisol. The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Soil and Water Quality, Department of Biosystems Engineering from Escola Superior de Agricultura \"Luiz de Queiroz\", Piracicaba - SP. The transport parameters of the nitrate at a concentration of 50 g m-3 in their respective soils were obtained by a numerical fit using the software STANMOD. From the results, it could be seen that the nitrate displacement is linked with the soil characteristics and the leaching was higher in Anfisol. In terms of the influence of accompanying cations of nitrate, in its various different sources, it can be said that their effects were not observed in nitrate mobility in the soil profile.

A presente Dissertação propôs a interação - por meio da criação artística - entre dois grupos de crianças, residentes em Porto Alegre-RS e Cumuruxatiba-BA. A pesquisa de campo consistiu na realização de 12 encontros em Porto Alegre e 10 encontros em Cumuruxatiba realizados entre os meses de junho a dezembro de 2014. O estudo buscou compreender as visões que as crianças produziram sobre si e sobre o outro a partir da correspondência estabelecida pelos grupos. Neste contexto, o principal objetivo do trabalho constou em analisar as possibilidades de criação e de invenção de si mesmo na interação com crianças de um contexto distante. Esta pesquisa discute o deslocamento e o encontro com a alteridade como proposições metodológicas no ensino da arte. Problematizam-se neste trabalho os conceitos de alteridade e deslocamento a partir de Bakthin, Foucault e Onfray; o conceito de infância a partir de Larrosa, Kristeva e Kohan e as proposições artísticas de caráter colaborativo a partir de Bourriaud e Laddaga. Como eixo metodológico, apresenta projetos e obras de artistas e educadores contemporâneos. Dentre os elementos centrais de análise, estão a relação de alteridade e estranhamento a partir da qual as crianças modificam a relação de si para si mesmo e de si para o outro por meio do olhar. A partir destes elementos a experiência estética é apresentada como meio de reconstrução do entendimento do outro. / This Dissertation proposed interaction - through artistic creation - between two groups of children, one living in Porto Alegre-RS and the other living in Cumuruxatiba, Bahia. The field research consisted of 12 meetings in Porto Alegre and 10 meetings in Cumuruxatiba carried out between the months of June and December 2014. The study sought to understand the visions that children produce about themselves and each other from the established correspondence by the groups. In this context, the main objective of the study consisted in analyzing the possibilities of creation and invention of oneself throug interaction with children from a distant context. This research also discusses the displacement and the encounter with otherness as methodological propositions in art education. To problematize in this work the concepts of otherness and displacement from Bakhtin, Foucault and Onfray; the concept of childhood from Larrosa, Kristeva and Kohan and artistic propositions collaborative character from Bourriaud and Laddaga. As a methodological line, the research presents projects and works of contemporary artists and educators. Among the central elements of analysis, are otherness relationship and estrangement from which children change the relation of himself to himself and of himself to the other through the use of the vision. From these elements aesthetic experience is presented as a means for reconstruction of THE understanding of the other (OTHERNESS?).

Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras, Instituto de Letras e Artes, 2013. / Submitted by Eliezer Mendes Lopes (mendesfurg@gmail.com) on 2015-04-29T17:24:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Tomkowski Mesko da Fonseca.pdf: 658133 bytes, checksum: 18c6ba72b3040ccce6ef152ba66acd68 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vitor de Carvalho (vitor_carvalho_im@hotmail.com) on 2015-05-15T19:38:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Tomkowski Mesko da Fonseca.pdf: 658133 bytes, checksum: 18c6ba72b3040ccce6ef152ba66acd68 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-15T19:38:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Tomkowski Mesko da Fonseca.pdf: 658133 bytes, checksum: 18c6ba72b3040ccce6ef152ba66acd68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Esta dissertação pretende aproximar, a partir das personagens protagonistas, os romances Maíra (1976), do brasileiro Darcy Ribeiro, e Kiss of the Fur Queen (1998), do escritor cree-canadense Tomson Highway, tendo como foco o discurso literário e a percepção exterior sobre as personagens que buscam no outro o reconhecimento. As duas narrativas unem-se pelo tema do deslocamento do sujeito indígena e pelo embate entre universos culturais distintos. Para tanto, utilizam-se principalmente as ideias de Bakhtin relativas ao plurilinguismo, ao dialogismo e à constituição das personagens em obras polifônicas. / This thesis examines the main characters of the novels Maíra (1976), by Brazilian novelist Darcy Ribeiro, and Kiss of the fur queen (1998), by Cree-Canadian author Tomson Highway. It focuses mainly on literary discourse and on the exterior perception of characters that search for recognition in the other. Both narratives present the theme of the displacement of the Native subject and the collision of distinct cultural universes. We use mainly Bakhtin‟s ideas related to heteroglossia, to dialogism and to character constitution in polyphonic novels to analyze the two literary works comparatively.

With the ascendency of neoliberal ideology, mega-events have been increasingly used by ruling elites as part of a narrative of competitive progress in order to attract investment capital. Unfortunately, the dark side of mega-events has not received enough attention in existing literature, especially the critically important question of displacement and forced eviction because of such events. This thesis contributes to the literature by debunking the myths of mega-events and examining the domicide effects through an in-depth case study of the Shanghai World Expo. Theoretically, the thesis develops the notion of domicide by incorporating the literature on domination and subordination. It attempts to negotiate the tension between the subjective experience of victimhood and the objective process of victimisation in domcide. In analysing the domicide experiences, this thesis proposes to look into both the temporalities and spatialities of domicide, and to examine the variegated ways the displaced appropriate them. It questions how the morally, legally and politically problematic act of domicide is committed without effective forms of resistance. Empirically, this thesis offers a post hoc impact assessment of the ‘best ever’ World Expo and voices the suppressed outcries from those on the receiving end. It supplies a detailed account of the social production of domicide with a case from the Global South, and in doing so; it explores ‘actually existing neoliberalism’ in the Chinese context, expanding the geographical horizon in existing literature and enhancing our understanding of the articulation of neoliberalism in different localities. Although contextualised through the lens of mega-events, the conditions, mechanisms, process and tactics that provide the fertile soil for domicide as identified in this thesis can teach us a great deal about urban spatial practices elsewhere. The thesis draws upon the data collected through site-intensive ethnographic fieldwork, mixing the use of interviews, (non-)participatory observation, survey, unorthodox focus groups and media content. It argues that the exceptionality of the World Expo revokes political, moral and legal boundaries in causing pain to affected citizens in order to facilitate the accumulation of capital. Such exceptionality is constructed through various normative discourses. Those discourses and values naturalise and legitimatise the process of domicide, produce symbolic violence, and undermine the solidarity of the powerlessness. The submission of the displaced to the dominant power enables the production and reproduction of a repressive social and spatial structure. These are vitally important questions given the international focus on China’s economic growth and urbanisation.

M.Ing. (Engineering Management) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

This study explores how Donbass IDPs in Kyiv view the role of the state in relation to ‘durable solutions’ to their displacement. Specifically, it examines the expectations on the state as a provider of rights and entitlements vis-à- vis IDPs. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with Donbas IDPs, experiences of displacement and perceptions of durable solutions and citizen-state relations are exemplified. The data collection and analysis methodologies applied allow for the elicitation of the views and opinions of IDPs, in an attempt to mitigate vertical policy-making. The concepts of citizenship, state and sovereignty are applied to analyze the relationship between IDPs and the state. Further, the IASC framework for durable solutions to internal displacement is used to as a structure to outline the views of the IDPs. The results show a large discrepancy between the expectations of the respondents on the states’ role in durable solutions to displacement, and the experience of this in reality. Furthermore, the results reveal high levels of discontent, resignation and apathy towards the state as a provider of durable solutions, especially in terms of returning to Donbass.

Cities in Dust is a collection of 15 short stories and the first two chapters of Biggest Little City, a novel-in-progress. This collection looks at queerness, gender, sex work, addiction, illness, and the effects of displacement--leaving homes, cities, relationships, and theoretical safety before we are ready. Cities in Dust works to tell stories from the space between places and the moment between moments. Transition is a city of its own.

Photovoltaic (PV) solar panels and trackers represent one of the most common renewable energy technology which converts sunlight radiation into electrical energy. The solar trackers specifically are more complex structures because they involve mechanical devices, a supporting slender structure, and photovoltaic modules mounted and positioned on top of the supporting structure. Solar trackers are mounted on mobile supports or racks, in order to enable the rotation and tilt of the PV which thus maintains their optimum exposure to the incident sunlight. Solar trackers support structures should be designed for wind resistance during the operation and at stow position for its life span and this became a concern considering the new tendency of installing the solar trackers on the rooftop of low-rise or medium-rise buildings. The current research focused on performing site measurements of the wind-induced displacement for a dual-axis solar tracking system installed on the roof of the Mann Parking building of the University of Ottawa, for different azimuth, elevations. The supporting structure of the solar tracker was instrumented with 16 strain gauges and the strains developed in the metal truss members were measured during the months February 2015 and March 2015. The tracker was rotated and tilted at different angles through the duration of the experiment and the strains observed on each structural element were recorded. In order to estimate deflections of the supporting structure for wind speeds higher than the ones measured, a finite element (FE) model of the solar tracker was created and static analysis was performed for different inclinations using the SAP 2000 structural software. The experimental results were in agreement with the FE simulation results as the stresses obtained ranged between 1.02 × 107 Pa and 7.88 × 107 Pa. Lower attack angles between 45° and 60° were found to have significant effect on the elements of the solar tracker irrespective of the wind load magnitude. Operational attack angles between 65° and 75° were found to be safer positions as obtained displacements and stress analysis result showed that the supporting structure of the solar tracker was stable for wind speeds between 0 m/s and 33m/s in Ottawa region

This diploma thesis called Motorcycle Race Dynamics captures the development and development of motorcycles, a description of types, design elements and the techniques of riding a motorcycle. However, the aim of this work is to organize, perform and evaluate the measurement of braking deceleration and the crossing of motorcycles. Before separate data processing, a theoretical methodology for measuring transverse displacement and braking deceleration is proposed. This requires enough motorcycles, experienced riders, two cameras, a measuring instrument and precisely dimensioned lines. The lateral displacement and braking deceleration measurements are then performed and subsequently evaluated. Output of this work include, in addition to videos, an overview of transverse displacement times, or longitudinal deceleration output values gained from braking.