The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been ravished by internal conflicts for the past two decades. These conflicts have come at a great cost to the people of the DRC, often resulting in a number of human rights atrocities. These atrocities range from the loss of life, resulted in internal displacement and creation of refugees’ communities, as well as the destruction of property and infrastructure , all contributing to prevailing conditions of poverty and deep societal divisions. While there are many underlying factors that fuel these conflicts, the key drivers of the conflict are linked to the unequal distribution of the DRC’s national resources and the mismanagement of public services. Intense frustration and a sense of helplessness to change the status quo have repeatedly manifested itself in a cycle of war and ethnic cleansing. In this regard, the pattern of conflicts has been the manifestation of the frustration of the Congolese people as a whole. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2010. / A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Prof. Nico Steytler at the Faculty of Law, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa. 2010. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

Speciation, the evolution of morphologically, behaviorally and/or ecologically distinct lineages from a common ancestor, is the fundamental process generating biodiversity. The rapidly developing field of speciation genomics is challenging traditional views of speciation as a gradual, genome-wide process, and highlighting the role of divergent natural selection in the speciation process. This study investigates morphological evolution and the genomic architecture of speciation in a clade of 12 "munias" in the genus Lonchura, one of the most extraordinary cases of recent and rapid diversification in birds. With a diversity of plumage patterns and replicate examples of closely related species living in sympatry, this group is ideally suited
for addressing fundamental questions about the genomics of speciation. In this study, I (1) test for evidence of character displacement between sympatric species using quantitative measurements of plumage coloration and morphology; (2) examine the structure of genome-wide variation using ddRAD-seq (double-digest Restriction Site Associated DNA sequencing); and (3) investigate the genomic structure of divergence using whole-genome sequencing. I find some evidence for character displacement, particularly in morphometrics and crown coloration. There is also a trend, however, for sympatric species to be more similar in coloration than allopatric species, particularly those that have come into contact more recently. Analysis of 7,043 ddRAD-seq loci reveals evidence of introgression among sympatric populations, with overall genomic variation corresponding more closely to geography than species identity. There is also substantial heterogeneity in genetic structure among mitochondrial, autosomal, and Z-linked markers. Finally, whole-genome sequencing reveals low overall genomic divergence while pinpointing "islands of differentiation" that exhibit elevated divergence between species. Two of these islands overlap genes known to be associated with coloration—Agouti signaling protein (ASIP) and Kit ligand (KITLG)—and allelic variation at these genes is associated with phenotypic traits. I also find evidence of a ~26 million base pair inversion on the Z chromosome, which groups the focal species differently than genome-wide variation. A strongly mosaic pattern of population structure among genomic regions supports a genic view of speciation, in which a small fraction of the genome is involved in the initial divergence of species.

This thesis is dealing with environmental migration resulting from the planned use of the territory, i.e. development displacement or resettlement. The aim of this thesis is to describe this process, to promote its understanding and to analyze its causes and consequences on people and communities. Academic literature dealing with development displacement in general was used together with many case studies. The thesis discusses the resettlement process in the Czech Republic, especially the actual case of the development displacement in the village of Nové Heřminovy. The main part of this thesis is the research conducted in the Slezská Harta micro-region, where 675 persons were displaced due to the building of the dam Slezská Harta in the late 80s and early 90s. The method of interview was used to analyze concequences of development displacement on people and communities (i.e. villages, which were affected by the dam construction). Interviews were made with 17 individuals who were somehow affected by the process of development displacement, mainly by being displaced. Key words: environmental migration, development displacement, Slezská Harta

This thesis follows and analyses what happens to individuals who work at establishments that are closed down. I examine if and when the displaced workers are re-employed. Furthermore, I examine to what extent individuals have moved, changed industry of work, have started to commute or have become self-employed. Additionally I examine, if the workers become selfemployed after displacement, how many of them that does so within the same industry of work as they initially got displaced from. A unique longitudinal matched employer-employee data incorporating all firms, establishments and their employees in Sweden between the years 1997-2008 is used. All individuals between 25 and 55 years of age at the time of displacement that were displaced between 2000 and 2003 due to establishment closures are followed over a five-year period of time. Consistent with previous empirical research, it is shown that an absolute majority of the workers that are displaced one given year also recovers within that same year. The results moreover express that the longer the displaced workers are out of employment, the larger is the willingness to change industry of work, change municipality of living or move into self-employment. The willingness to commute is however found to be fairly constant over time. Finally, I find that those who become self-employed to a greater extent start business in other industries than they were displaced from as time passes.

This MA thesis focuses on gentrification of Prague's Karlín district. It examines the issue through the optics of original residents and deals with the following questions: How do original residents perceive the change of their district? What is the impact of gentrification on their everyday lives? In order to answer these questions, qualitative research was used. The data was collected through interviews and participant and non-participant observation. The thesis provides an overview of leading theories of gentrification (such as Smith's Rent gap theory, Ley's consumer explanation theory, and Florida's creative class theory), which are applied to the obtained data. The theoretical chapter of the thesis summarizes these theories. This part also includes a brief history of the Karlín district and provides an overview of the existing research on Karlín's gentrification. The topics that appeared in the interviews with original residents form a structure of this chapter; these interviews are also quoted directly. Keywords: gentrification, Karlín, original residents, displacement

Magister Artium - MA / This work of fiction explores the themes of relational dynamics, oppression, intergenerational trauma, and the healing and self-actualisation that can be obtained by helping others. It incorporates numerous historical references that tie in to the characters’ stories or otherwise enhance the narrative. The main thread running throughout the entire work is music. Music as cultural signifier, cultural anchor and identifier, and particularly, musical terminology as chapter titles because of how perfectly such terms capture mood, direction, or intent for each chapter. It is crucial to note that while all the characters in the stories that follow are fictitious, the historical events and places are represented as accurately as possible according to extensive research. One historical figure, Tomás de Torquemada, is fictionalized herein, but his role is accurately representative of the role he played historically. Other historical figures, Johann Sebastian Bach and Joseph Beer, have been fictionalized in relation to characters in the story, yet their depictions as musicians are accurate. And Anna is based on an historical figure from the Polish Jewish Resistance; however, her relational story is fictionalised.

La presente investigación se centra en analizar la influencia del fenómeno de desterritorialización que ha experimentado la comunidad indígena shipibo-konibo  en la transformación de lenguaje visual del kené, una manifestación cultural que encierra su cosmovisión, creencias y cultura. Se parte de la hipótesis de que la pérdida del referente del territorio y el posterior establecimiento de la comunidad en Cantagallo afectan la práctica del trazado del kené, tanto en la transformación de los valores gráficos de su lenguaje visual, como en el surgimiento de nuevos significados. La investigación está diseñada a partir de una metodología de trabajo documental en articulación con trabajo de campo para profundizar tanto en un análisis bibliográfico y de contenido referido a las variables de la investigación, como en los contextos de producción y comercialización actuales de kené. Los principales resultados indican que la transformación en los patrones de kené se enfoca en el cambio de la estructura lineal del patrón, en la incorporación y dominio del nivel de expresión visual figurativo en la composición, en la transformación de la paleta cromática hacia múltiples tonos saturados y en los cambios de los significados del kené que se adaptan al nuevo contexto de desarrollo. Por tanto se concluye que la transformación del lenguaje visual del kené refleja las tensiones entre los fenómenos de desterritorialización y reterritorialización, pues aunque surge una orientación casi exclusiva a la comercialización de las piezas se mantiene la necesidad de identificación de la comunidad con los patrones de kené. / This research focuses on analyzing the influence of the phenomenon of deterritorialization the Shipibo-Konibo indigenous community in the transformation of the visual language of kené, a cultural manifestation that encompasses its worldview, beliefs and culture. It is based on the hypothesis that the loss of the territory and the subsequent establishment of the community in Cantagallo affect the practice of drawing kené, both in the transformation of the graphic values ​​of its visual language, and in the emergence of new meanings. The research is designed based on a methodology of documentary work in articulation with field work to deepen both a bibliographic and content analysis referred to the research variables, as in the current production and marketing contexts of kené. The main results indicate that the transformation of kené patterns focuses on the change of the linear structure of the pattern, on the incorporation of figurative visual elements in the composition, on the transformation of the chromatic palette towards multiple saturated tones and in the changes of the meanings of kené that adapt to the new development context. Therefore it is concluded that the transformation of the visual language of kené reflects the tensions between the phenomena of deterritorialization and reterritorialization, because although an almost exclusive orientation to the commercialization of the pieces arises, the need of the community to reinforce its identity with the patterns of kené remains. / Trabajo de investigación

When neighborhoods and cities fall in decline, cities and investors see an opportunity to turn the declining sites into profitable new projects, this happens all over the world in different renewal projects, or under the term gentrification. The outcome of gentrification can be considered to be both positive and negative, and the term is widely discussed in today's media. This study aims to get an understanding of how a small neighborhood in Cape Town called Bo-Kaap, that is famous for its rich culture and strong community, is affected by investors wanting to develop the neighborhood. With a problematic history of apartheid and oppression the threat of gentrification creates a new threat for the residents of Bo-Kaap. During the last couple of years the property prices in the neighborhood have increased dramatically resulting in a large flow of new residents. This has caused many locals to fear for the safety of the neighborhood as well as the fear of losing its strong community and their identity as a muslim neighborhood.

Six cross-hole packer tests were conducted at the Big Hole fault, a dip-slip normal fault in the northern San Rafael Swell of east-central Utah. Three tests were conducted at each of two locations along the fault, each location having a different total displacement. Water was injected in the footwall, hanging wall, and fault core and pressure changes were monitored in isolated intervals in the adjoining wells. Response curves were analyzed using the type curves developed by Hsieh and Neuman, and Theis, in order to evaluate the hydraulic properties of the fault and its associated damage zone. The tests were not quantitatively interpretable. Response curves were a poor match for Hsieh type curves and failed to give a positive definite hydraulic conductivity tensor. Theis analysis showed transmissivity varied over four orders of magnitude. The fault was both a barrier to and a conduit for fluid flow, indicating it was both heterogeneous and anisotropic with regard to flow. No correlation was seen between the fault displacement and the hydraulic properties of the fault. The lack of consistent results indicates a high variability in the hydraulic properties of the fault, possibility resulting from changes in fault core thickness and slip surface density over small distances. Injection testing at this intermediate scale is not an effective method in determining hydraulic properties of faults in sandstone reservoirs with deformation band style faulting.

@font-face { font-family: "Cambria Math"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }@font-face { font-family: "MS Mincho"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria; }p.MsoFootnoteText, li.MsoFootnoteText, div.MsoFootnoteText { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria; }span.MsoFootnoteReference { vertical-align: super; }span.FootnoteTextChar { }span.citationtext { }.MsoChpDefault { font-size: 10pt; font-family: Cambria; }div.WordSection1 { } Over the past fifty years, civil war has held a relentless grip on Colombia. Aside from the staggering numbers of casualties that have resulted, millions have been internally displaced and unwilling to return home. Many are fleeing from forced military recruitment of youths, sexual violence, kidnapping and murder. After Syria, Colombia has one of the highest populations of Internally Displaced People (IDP): 5,841,040, as of December 2015. It is unknown how many more refugees are not officially registered[1]. The majority of the IDP population migrates from rural villages and towns to large cities, such as Bogotá and Medellín, where there are opportunities for safety, income and improvised shelter.[2] Referencing existing models for Colombian housing and shelter for IDPs and street kids, this research examines the needs of the displaced population and creates a set of criteria for a long-term, integrative housing solution. This thesis focuses on internally displaced youths and women in the Southern-Pacific region of Colombia, as they make up the largest portion of registered IDPs and refugees in Colombia.[3] The goal of the project is to design the user’s progression through a system of increasingly supportive levels: “Entrance to the shelter,” “Full-time residence,” “Reintegration to society.” The site and program encourage commensalism, or relationship where one part benefits from the other without causing harm, with the surrounding community. This thesis also references studies of community-based design, low-cost and sustainable housing, transitional shelters, and homeless communities. [1] "Colombia." UNHCR News. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2016. . [2] Ibid. [3] Ibid.