Des stratégies d'approvisionnement pérennes sont nécessaires pour les gestionnaires de la chaîne d'approvisionnement afin de faire face aux incertitudes d’approvisionnement et de demande. La diminution des niveaux de service et l'augmentation simultanée des coûts de stockage sont les impacts les plus importants de ces incertitudes. Les perturbations peuvent être causées par des discontinuités de l’approvisionnement, de l'instabilité politique, des catastrophes naturelles et des grèves des employés. Elles pourraient avoir un effet important sur la performance de la chaîne d'approvisionnement. Pour faire face à de telles perturbations, les modèles d'optimisation des stocks doivent être adaptés pour couvrir une structure de réseau multi-échelons et envisager des stratégies d'approvisionnement alternatives telles que le transport latéral (lateral transshipment) et plusieurs sources d’approvisionnement. Dans ce travail, une approche de modélisation basée sur des scénarios est proposée pour résoudre un problème d'optimisation multi-échelons des stocks. En prenant en compte la demande stochastique et les incertitudes sur les capacités de production, le modèle minimise le coût opérationnel total (coûts de stockage, de transport et de retard) tout en optimisant la gestion des stocks et les flux des marchandises. Afin de faire face aux incertitudes, plusieurs échantillons de scénarios sont générés par Monte Carlo et les exemples correspondants d'approximation (SAA) des programmes sont résolus pour obtenir une politique de réponse adéquate au système d'inventaire en cas de perturbations. De nombreuses expériences numériques sont menées et les résultats permettent d'acquérir des connaissances sur l'impact des perturbations sur le coût total du réseau et le niveau de service. / Supply Chain Management (SCM) is an important part of most companies and applying the appropriate strategy is essential for managers in competitive industries and markets. In this context, Inventory Management plays a crucial role. Different inventory systems are widely used in practice. However, it is fundamentally difficult to optimize, especially in multi-echelon networks. A key challenge in managing inventory is dealing with uncertainties in supply and demand. The simultaneous decrease of customer service and increase of inventory-related costs are the most significant effects of such uncertainties. To deal with this pattern, supply chain managers need to establish more effective and more flexible sourcing and distribution strategies. In this thesis, a “framework to optimize inventory decisions in multi-echelon distribution networks under supply and demand uncertainty” is proposed. In the first part of the research work, multi-echelon distribution systems, subject to demand uncertainty, are studied. Such distribution systems are one of the most challenging inventory network topologies to analyze. The optimal inventory and sourcing policies for these systems are not yet unknown. We consider a basic type of distribution network with a single family product through a periodic review setting. Based on this property, a two-stage mixed integer programming approach is proposed to find the optimal inventory-related decisions considering the non-stationary demand pattern. The model, which is based on a Distribution Requirements Planning (DRP) approach, minimizes the expected total cost composed of the fixed allocation, inventory holding, procurement, transportation, and back-ordering costs. Alternative inventory optimization models, including the lateral transshipment strategy and multiple sourcing, are thus built, and the corresponding stochastic programs are solved using the sample average approximation method. Several problem instances are generated to validate the applicability of the model and to evaluate the benefit of lateral transshipments and multiple sourcing in reducing the expected total costs of the distribution network. An empirical investigation is also conducted to validate the numerical findings by using the case of a major French retailer’s distribution network. The second part of the research work is focused on the structure of the optimal inventory policy which is investigated under supply disruptions. A two-stage stochastic model is proposed to solve a capacitated multi-echelon inventory optimization problem considering a stochastic demand as well as uncertain throughput capacity and possible inventory losses, due to disruptions. The model minimizes the total cost, composed of fixed allocation cost, inventory holding, transportation and backordering costs by optimizing inventory policy and flow decisions. The inventory is controlled according to a reorder point order-up-to-level (s, S) policy. In order to deal with the uncertainties, several scenario samples are generated by Monte Carlo method. Corresponding sample average approximations programs are solved to obtain the adequate response policy to the inventory system under disruptions. In addition, extensive numerical experiments are conducted. The results enable insights to be gained into the impact of disruptions on the network total cost and service level. In both parts of the research, insights are offered which could be valuable for practitioners. Further research possibilities are also provided.

The circadian rhythm is a rhythm which permeates all aspects of biological life and follows the hours of the sun. The pace of the rhythm is controlled by a collection of neurons in the hypothalamus, called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), whose signals affect rhythms throughout the body as can be seen in aspects of life from behavior down to oscillations of proteins in the cells. A disruption of this rhythm such as what happens during jet lag, where the rhythm of the SCN is out of synch with the rhythm of the rest of the body, is something that can have adverse effects on mental and physical health. To realign the SCN and the rhythm of the body, different methods and be implemented. This thesis investigated the effectiveness of glucocorticoids on re-aligning the rhythms of the body following a disruption through a meta-analysis and a qualitative review. The meta-analysis and review incorporated experiments from six articles investigating the hours of circadian rhythm shifts in the mouse model, after administering glucocorticoids. What was found was that the individual experiments presented results with high effect sizes; however, the direction of said effects was not uniform as the rhythms shifted in different directions. The lack of uniform direction caused no significant combined effect size to be found by this meta-analysis (MES=0.11 ± 0.06), showing that a statistical analysis based on hours shifted could not find a significant combined effect. The qualitative review, however, indicates that the administration of glucocorticoids shows an effect in re-entraining the rhythm of the peripheral parts of the body to that of the environmental cues and the SCN. Though no significant statistical effect was found in this analysis, the effect of glucocorticoids should not be discounted and could still prove a promising treatment for circadian disruptions, such as jet lag.

Muitas substâncias descartadas no meio ambiente não são totalmente degradadas, podendo assim persistir no ambiente. Diversos compostos são continuamente introduzidos no ambiente podendo afetar a biota e inclusive o homem. Os fármacos são alguns desses compostos que depois de descartados podem chegar nos corpos de águas naturais, e dentre eles merecem especial atenção os hormônios sintéticos utilizados em larga escala por mulheres em todo o mundo, na forma de contraceptivos orais. O hormônio sintético 17α-etinilestradiol é um micropoluente no ambiente aquático, que pode causar distúrbios na reprodução de diversos organismos atuando como um desregulador endócrino. O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal analisar o efeito do hormônio sintético 17α-etinilestradiol sobre o cladócero Daphnia magna, por meio de testes ecotoxicológicos. Testes de toxicidade crônica foram realizados em duas gerações consecutivas deste microcrustáceo (F0 e F1). Para os testes utilizaram-se neonatas com menos de 24 horas de idade, 6 concentrações do hormônio e dois controles. Foram estabelecidas 10 réplicas com 1 indivíduo por réplica. O ensaio foi realizado em incubadora com temperatura de 25 ± 1°C e fotoperíodo de 12h claro:12h escuro, com duração de 11 (F0) e 13 dias (F1), com término coincidindo com o nascimento das neonatas da terceira ninhada no controle. Os resultados evidenciaram que a exposição ao hormônio diminuiu a fecundidade de Daphnia magna nas quatro maiores concentrações de etinilestradiol na F0 e na concentração de 1000 μg L-1 da F1, revelando maior resistência ao contaminante na segunda geração. Na maior concentração do composto, o tempo para a produção das duas primeiras ninhadas foi maior na geração F1, quando comparada ao controle. Na concentração de 250 μg L-1 verificou-se a ocorrência de um indivíduo intersexo, apresentando tanto características de macho como de fêmea. Os resultados deste estudo evidenciaram que o 17α-etinilestradiol afeta a reprodução de Daphnia magna, e que também pode afetar a reprodução de diferentes invertebrados aquáticos, o que, a longo prazo pode causar danos às populações e comunidades aquáticas, diminuindo as populações e podendo até extingui-las eventualmente. / Many substances are discarded in the environment and not completely degraded, thus persisting in the environment. Some of these are continuously introduced in the environment, affecting the biota, including man. Pharmaceutical drugs are some of these compounds that after discarded can occur in natural water bodies and among them the synthetic hormones deserve special attention for being used in large scale by women world widely, as oral contraceptives. The synthetic hormone 17α-ethinyl estradiol is therefore a micropoluent in the aquatic environment, i. e. found in low concentrations that can cause deleterious effects in the reproduction of many organisms, acting as an endocrine disruptor. The present study had as main objective to analyze the effect of the synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinyl estradiol on the cladoceran Daphnia magna, by carrying out ecotoxicological tests. Chronic toxicity tests were performed on two consecutive generations of this microcrustacean (F0 and F1). In order to perform the tests, neonates aged less than 24 hours, 6 hormones concentrations and two types of controls were used. Ten replicates were established with one individual each. The test was performed in a growth chamber at the constant temperature of 25 ± 1°C and 12 h light:12 h dark photoperiod, had the duration of 11 and 13 days for the F1 and F0 generations, respectively, coinciding with the birth of the third brood in the control. The results evidenced that the exposition to the hormone decreased D. magna fecundity in the four highest of ethinyl estradiol in F0, and in the concentration 1000 μg L-1 for the F1, indicating resistance increase in the second generation. In the highest concentration of this compound the time for the production of the first two broods were higher in the F1 generation as compared with the controls. In the hormone concentration of 250 μg L-1 the occurrence of an intersex individual was verified, simultaneously presenting characteristics of male and female. The results of this study evidenced the 17α-ethinyl estradiol affect the reproduction of Daphnia magna, and can affect the reproduction of other aquatic invertebrates that at long term can cause damages to aquatic populations and communities by diminishing populations and eventually leading them to the extinction.

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo principal analisar as mudanças ocorridas no Eixo Leste de expansão urbana da cidade de Barreiras - BA, sob a perspectiva da Geomorfologia Antropogênica. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram baseados nas obras de Lima (1990), Rodrigues (1997), Nir (1983) e Moroz-Caccia Gouveia (2010) que referem-se à interpretação das interferências humanas sobre os sistemas físicos terrestres, que neste caso foi interpretado dentro de uma área urbana. Ainda foram feitos trabalhos de laboratório para elaboração de produtos cartográficos como mapas e perfis topográficos, além de diversos trabalhos de campo no sentido de verificar as transformações geomorfológicas e antropogênicas existentes. De maneira geral a área foi dividida em cinco patamares geomorfológicos, descritos entre Serra do Mimo até a margem direita do rio Grande. A geomorfologia da área se configura entre relevo tabuliforme da serra, áreas de encosta com relevo suave-ondulado e áreas planas na margem direita do rio Grande. A intensa presença de empreendimentos imobiliários ocasionada pela acelerada expansão urbana é responsável pela transformação do meio físico. A área de estudo ainda não encontra-se totalmente transformada, mas já apresenta sinais de mudanças, as quais foram categorizadas por distintos estágios de perturbação e suas respectivas respostas relacionadas as formas, processos e materiais correlativos a estas perturbações. / The present research has as main objective to analyze how changes occurred in the East Side of Urban Expansions of the city of Barreiras - BA, from an Anthropogenic Geomorphology perspective. The methodological experts were based on the works of Lima (1990), Rodrigues (1997), Nir (1983) and Moroz-Caccia Gouveia (2010) that refer to the interpretation of human interferences on terrestrial physical systems wich in this case was interpreted within an urban area. Laboratory work was also carried out for the elaboration of cartographic products such as maps and topographic profiles, as well as several field works in the sense of verification as existing geomorphological and anthropogenic transformations. In general, the area was divided into five geomorphological levels, described between the Serra do Mimo and the right bank of the Grande river. The geomorphology of the area is between tabuliform relief of the mountain range, sloping areas with soft-wavy relief and flat areas on the right bank of the Grande river. The intense presence of real estate developments through urban acceleration is responsible for the transformation of the physical environment. The area is not fully transformed yet, but it has already shown signs of changes, such as which were categorized by different stages of perturbation and their related responses as forms, processes and materials correlative to these perturbations.

A presente pesquisa é uma abordagem geográfica da revolução russa. Mais precisamente um enfoque sobre o movimento dos sovietes dentro daquela ruptura social, cujo recorte temporal situa-se entre 1905-1921 e o âmbito espacial, o território do antigo império czarista. Para tanto, este trabalho partirá do pressuposto de que o movimento de conselhos que surgiu durante a conjuntura revolucionária na formação territorial russa, representou o engendramento de novas territorialidades em um cenário de definhamento da territorialidade estatal. Nessa perspectiva, nossa dissertação considerará ainda que as territorialidades sovietes foram um importante eixo estratégico que os bolcheviques - enquanto agentes da ruptura mobilizaram para a reafirmação da autoridade do Estado no âmbito geográfico da antiga soberania czarista. / The present research is a geographical approach of the Russian revolution. More precisely it is focused on the soviets movement within that social disruption, whose time frame lies between 1905 and 1921 and, its spatial ambit, the territory of the ancient tsarist empire. Therefore, this work starts from the assumption that the councils movement that emerged during the revolutionary conjuncture, in Russian territorial formation , represented the engendering of new territorialities, in a scenery of dwindling of the state-owned territoriality. In this perspective, our dissertation still considers that the soviets territorialities were important strategic axis that the Bolsheviks, as agents of the disruption, mobilized to reassertion of State authority, within the geographical ambit of the ancient tsarist sovereignty.

La survenue d’une incapacité motrice est un évènement majeur qui ne se limite pas à des dimensions corporelles, mais implique également des dimensions sociales. Elle provoque chez les personnes des perturbations biographiques qui se caractérisent par des ruptures et des bifurcations dans leurs trajectoires de vie ainsi que par la perte de place et de rôle dans la vie sociale. La survenue du handicap oblige à une réorganisation des conditions de vie et à une recomposition du quotidien lors du retour dans le milieu ordinaire après un séjour dans un centre de rééducation consécutif à la survenue de l’incapacité. L’expérience du handicap moteur permet ainsi de saisir la dynamique sociale des trajectoires de vie et les ressources sollicitées par la personne en incapacité motrice dans le processus de sa reconstruction sociale. À partir d’entretiens menés auprès des hommes et des femmes en incapacité motrice et vivant à domicile à Yaoundé (Cameroun), cette thèse a pour objectif d’analyser les interactions entre l’incapacité motrice et l’environnement social dans la réorganisation de leurs trajectoires de vie et dans leurs différentes activités suite à la survenue de l’incapacité. En adoptant un modèle social du handicap, elle met en relief les perturbations biographiques et les ressources sollicitées dans les différentes trajectoires pour maintenir et adapter leur identité. Cela permet une analyse située des mécanismes de construction du handicap à partir des expériences des individus / The occurrence of a motor disability is a major event that is not limited to corporal dimensions, but also involves social dimensions. Individuals are faced with biographical disruptions characterized by breaches and bifurcations in their lifetrajectories and by the loss of place and role in social life. The occurrence of disability calls for a reorganization of living conditions and of the day-to-day life when returning to their usual environment after a stay in a rehabilitation centre. Experiencing motor disability thus makes it possible to grasp the social dynamics of life trajectories and the resources solicited by persons with motor disability in the process of their social reconstruction.Based on interviews conducted with men and women with motor disabilities and living at home in Yaoundé (Cameroon), this thesis aims at analysing the interactions between motor disability and social environment in the reorganization of their life trajectories and in their different activities following the onset of disability. By adopting a social model of the handicap, it highlights the biographical disruptions and the resources needed in the different trajectories to maintain and adapt their identity. It allows a situated analysis of the mechanisms of production of disability from the experience of individuals.

The misfolding and aggregation of proteins is closely associated with more than fifty human disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, all of which are currently incurable and many represent a major threat to human life. The mechanism of protein aggregation is subject to extensive studies. The damaging effects associated with protein aggregation have been attributed to amyloidogenic species that are present during the misfolding process. In particular, oligomeric species are, however, intrinsically difficult to study as a consequence of their low abundance and highly heterogeneous nature. The first chapter of my thesis gives an introduction into the field of protein folding and misfolding with a focus on the study of protein aggregation, and toxic effects relevant to human disorders. The second chapter of my thesis describes the development of a methodology that enables the study of aggregate induced lipid bilayer permeability, possibly the most general mechanism of protein aggregate toxicity. Surface-tethered lipid vesicles functioning as optochemical probes sensitive to membrane integrity are imaged using total internal reflection microscopy. It is shown that oligomeric species of the 42-residue form of the Aβ peptide (Aβ42) are responsible for the membrane disruption. The methodology can be applied to the study of other proteins such as α-synuclein and tau, and the ability of antibodies and chaperones to counteract the aggregate induced lipid bilayer permeability can be assessed. Furthermore, lipid bilayer permeability induced by aggregates formed in human induced pluripotent stem cells can be studied. The third chapter presents a new approach for the measurement of protein aggregation kinetics by following the development of the lipid bilayer permeability over the course of the aggregation process of Aβ42. The aggregation kinetics can be modulated with molecular chaperones and pre-formed seed fibrils, which allows secondary nucleation to be identified as the process that drives the formation of species responsible for the lipid bilayer permeability. The fourth chapter describes the development of a three-pronged strategy to study the mechanism of α-synuclein amyloid formation. The aggregation is studied in the presence of lipid vesicles or pre-formed fibrils at neutral or acidic pH of the solution. The influence of single-point mutations on the aggregation of α-synuclein is described. Furthermore, the strategy is applied to the characterisation of the ability of antibodies and small molecules to inhibit the aggregation, and thus has the potential for the development of therapeutical agents. The work presented in the fifth chapter characterises the amyloid fibril populations formed by α-synuclein and mutational variants associated with familial Parkinson's disease. X-ray crystallography, circular dichroism spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy have all been applied to the analysis of these amyloid fibrils. Finally, the sixth chapter summarises the results described in this thesis and points out future opportunities in the context of fundamental and translational studies related to the research area of protein misfolding disorders.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-09-26T16:18:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Micael Vier Behs_.pdf: 3421843 bytes, checksum: 36f4165a69ed74d69d2c8fccf9a6aa91 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-26T16:18:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Micael Vier Behs_.pdf: 3421843 bytes, checksum: 36f4165a69ed74d69d2c8fccf9a6aa91 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-16 / Nenhuma / Essa tese está organizada em torno de um diagrama que relaciona três instâncias semiotécnicas – a página Guarujá Alerta no Facebook, o site jornalístico Folha.com e suas respectivas seções de comentários. Observamos e inferimos as construções de sentido quando essas instâncias estão em interações em torno do boato da Bruxa de Guarujá (2014). A perspectiva são as epistemologias da midiatização, em específico quando se abordam as redes digitais. A construção do caso acadêmico é um processo que relaciona aporte metodológico, inferências criativas e existenciais, analogias circulares e a definição de três proposições de pesquisa. A primeira delas sugere que as construções de sentido em torno do caso se desdobram a partir de interações entre os três meios em análise, em contato com meios tangenciais, dada a natureza relacional do ambiente midiático. A segunda proposição indica que a página e o site desenvolvem estratégias distintas de acesso dos interagentes ao seu sistema, situação que desencadeia experiências autorregulatórias, assim como contendas entre produção e recepção produtiva. A terceira proposição revela tentativas, manifestadas por atores sociais midiatizados, de encontrar culpados para a exacerbação do boato em morte. Identifica-se um objeto simbólico, denominado de “culpabilização”, que, entretanto, não se apresenta de forma estática e consensual ao longo do caso analisado, ganhando distintos contornos e perspectivas interpretativas a partir de sua associação a outros elementos postos em circulação no mercado discursivo. A análise centra-se nos conceitos de circulação, midiatização, boato, incerteza e disrupção, demonstrando o potencial degenerativo associado ao funcionamento das redes, ainda que delas também verta informação regulatória, reiterando-se o lugar mediador que segue reservado ao jornalismo canônico em tempos de indistinção entre produtores e receptores de meios semiotécnicos. / This dissertation is structured around a diagram that relates three semio-technical media, viz. the Guarujá Alerta Facebbok page, the Folha.com news site, and their respective sections of comments. It makes observations and inferences about the construction of meaning when these media are involved in interactions around the rumor about the so-called “Guarujá Witch” (2014). Its methodological perspective is the concept of mediatization, specifically when discussing digital media. The construction of the academic case is a process that relates methodological contributions, creative and existential inferences, circular analogies and the definition of three research propositions. The first proposition suggests that the constructions of meaning around that case develop based on interactions between the three media analyzed here, which are in contact with tangential media, given the relational nature of the media environment. The second proposition indicates that the Facebook page and the news site employ different strategies to enable web surfers to access their systems, which is a situation that gives rise to self-regulatory devices, as well as conflicts between production and productive reception. The third proposition reveals attempts by mediatized social actors at finding those who were guilty for the culmination of the rumors in a murder. The study identifies a symbolic object called “blaming”, which, however, does not present itself in a static and consensual manner throughout the case analyzed here, but acquires different contours and interpretive perspectives based on its association with other elements that are put into circulation in the discursive market. The analysis focuses on the concepts of circulation, mediatization, rumor, uncertainty and disruption and shows the degenerative potential associated with the way the media function, although the latter also provide regulatory information. This reiterates the mediating place that is still reserved for canonical journalism in a time of non-distinction between producers and receivers of semio-technical media.

Fish are particularly vulnerable to the exposure of anthropogenic pollutants, with a vast array of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) introduced into the aquatic environment via sewage discharge, waste disposal and land runoff. Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are halogenated flame retardants that are used to effectively inhibit the flammability of various materials including plastic products, electrical appliances, construction materials and textiles. BFRs are ubiquitous environmental contaminants and are known to disrupt thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis in several vertebrate species, including fish. Given the vital role of THs in a wide range of developmental processes and physiological functions, assessing and identifying thyroid disrupting chemicals is crucial for safe guarding the long-term health of humans and wildlife. In fish the molecular mechanisms underlying TH disruption by BFRs and the effects on TH-sensitive tissues during early life stages remains unclear. This has been limited by the lack of fundamental knowledge on the TH system of fish and the difficulties associated with examining transcriptional changes in discrete embryonic-larval tissues. Here I have established the expression profiles of a suite of genes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis of zebrafish (Danio rerio) during embryonic-larval stages and their regulation by the biologically active TH (3, 5, 3′- tri-iodothyronine; T3). Using molecular tools (whole mount is situ hybridisation and RT-PCR), I demonstrate that a number of genes display spatial and temporal expression profiles during embryo/larval development, and their regulation by T3 was tissue- and developmental stage-specific. I subsequently demonstrated that TBBPA and BDE-47, two important BFR compounds, disrupted TH homeostasis at multiple levels of the HPT axis of zebrafish embryo-larvae after short sub-acute exposures. These compounds altered the expression of genes associated with TH conjugation and clearance, thyroid follicle development and TH transport. In addition, we suggest that TH target genes in the brain, liver, pronephric ducts and craniofacial tissues of zebrafish embryo-larvae may be particularly vulnerable to TBBPA and BDE-47 exposure. It has been proposed that environmental pollutants can disrupt TH signalling in wildlife by disrupting the activity of thyroid receptors (TRs), ligand-binding transcription factors, which mediate the genomic actions of THs. The ability of BFRs to disrupt fish TRs has not yet been examined. Here I developed an in vitro reporter gene transcriptional assay for zebrafish thyroid hormone receptors (zfTRα and zfTRβ) in human embryonic kidney cells and investigated their interactions with several BFR compounds. The assays were optimised and validated using the natural TR agonist T3 in cells transiently transfected with two reporter vector constructs, pGL4.24-PAL and pGL4.24-DR4. None of the six brominated flame retardants tested, namely, tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), 2,2′,4,4′-tetra-bromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), 2,2′,4,4′,6-penta-bromodiphenyl ether (BDE-100), 2,2′,3,4,4′,5′,6-hepta-bromodiphenyl ether (BDE-183) and deca-bromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) had an agonistic effect on zfTRα and zfTRβ activity. These results are consistent with our previous finding which suggests that altered TH homeostasis may be a result of increased metabolism and excretion of THs and/or changes in the production of TH by the thyroid follicles. In conclusion, this investigative work aids the understanding of fundamental TH processes in fish, such as gene expression and regulation, and increases our understanding of the mechanisms and potential targets of BFRs in fish.

Une lecture comparative de la « Poudre d’intelligence » de Kateb Yacine, de Pélagie-La-Charrette d’Antonine Maillet, de Midnight’s Children de Salman Rushdie et de Texaco de Patrick Chamoiseau, révèle le rôle fondamental des contingences qui produisent l’humour à travers un contexte déclencheur commun. En tant que processus, l’humour voile et dévoile, tout comme le procédé optique de l’anamorphose. Or un même bouleversement épistémologique affecte l’humour et l’anamorphose, chacun partageant le même principe de recréation des formes, du monde distendu ; un observateur ou un lecteur est alors indispensable à leur réalisation. Ces deux phénomènes convergent ainsi vers un humour anamorphique rendu sensible par les oeuvres du corpus. Rêve poétique et lucidité politique, l’humour marque une quête de communion porteuse de toutes les espérances. Son pouvoir évocateur émerveille et invite à entrer en contact avec la totalité du monde. La phénoménologie de l’humour anamorphique est sonapparition/disparition. Nous nous intéressons à son déploiement en suivant le mode de lecture du processus anamorphique. Suivre des yeux l’humour anamorphique revient à s’attacher à l’expression d’un bouleversement dans la vision du monde et dans le rapport aux signes. C’est en ce sens que l’humour se placerait sous le signe d’Hermès, originellement évoqué par des petits tas de pierres déposés au seuil des maisons et des temples.Symbole de seuil, de transition, de circulation, de mouvement, Hermès transparaît en agitateur del’humour anamorphique. / A comparative reading of '' La Poudre d'intelligence'' by Kateb Yacine, Pélagie-La-Charette by Antonine Maillet, Midnight's Children by Salman Rushdie and Texaco by Patrick Chamoiseau brings to light the crucial role of the contingencies that make humour trigger from a common context. As a process, humour veils and unveils reality, just as the optical process of anamorphosis does. Now, identical epistemological disruption affects humour and anamorphosis, both sharing principle of re-Creating forms and a distorted world. An observer or reader proves therefore necessary to their realization. These two phenomena converge towards an anamorphic humour that stands out from the corpus' works. A poetical dream and a political clear-Headedness, humour initiates a quest for a communion filled with every possible hope. One marvels at its suggestive power and is invited to get into close acquaintance with the whole world. The phenomenology of anamorphic humour lies into its appearance/disappearance.Through the lens of the process of anamorphosis the focus will be set on how humour unfolds. Observing anamorphic humour amounts to studying the expression of a disruption in how the world is viewed as well as in the relationship to signs. It is in this sense that anamorphic humour could be associated with Hermes, who was originally evoked through small piles of stones on houses' and temples' thresholds. A symbol of threshold, transition, flow and movement, Hermes appears as an agitator of anamorphic humour, which is the hallmark of a passage, a change in direction, of a place where different meanings intertwine.