Thesis (M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / The purpose of this study was to explore strategies used by schools to cope with indiscipline in rural secondary schools in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Indiscipline in secondary schools of Limpopo Province in Sekhukhune District has become an evil and dangerous influence that spreads and affects learners’ behaviour and their moral upbringing. The Department of Basic Education brought alternatives to indiscipline but these measures seem not to be working as learners continue to challenge teachers. Since corporal punishment was abolished in 1994, schools are expected to come up with strategies to deal with indiscipline. The high prevalence of indiscipline in schools in Limpopo Province has propelled the researcher to explore strategies used in South African rural schools in Sekhukhune District of Limpopo Province to cope with indiscipline as it affects teaching and learning. The research question was: What are strategies used by schools in Moutse Cluster to cope with indiscipline? The sub questions were: What does the policy say about addressing indiscipline? What forms of indiscipline prevail in schools? What strategies do schools use to cope with indiscipline? The study will be beneficial to policy makers, curriculum implementers, curriculum developers and advisors, the Department of Education and schools. The study was conducted in Limpopo Province, in Moteti area and Elandsrooring at Groblersdal. It was limited to senior phase teachers, teachers in disciplinary committees and class teachers. The study used qualitative research since the title sets out to develop understanding of individuals and events in their natural setting. The study used semi-structured interviews as a method of data collection. It also used purposive sampling, hence the research question sought responses from teachers and learners who had more knowledge and experience in indiscipline. The study found that there exist strategies used by schools in order to cope with indiscipline although the phenomenon is out of control. There are internal strategies such v as detention and the use of period registers that are applied in order to cope with indiscipline. There are strategies beyond the school which can be applied such as the police and involving parents. This study also made additional findings with regard to forms of indiscipline experienced by schools under this study, the effects of indiscipline on teaching and learning and how education policies influence the behaviour of learners. Key concepts: Indiscipline, disruptive behaviour, learners, coping strategies, teachers, secondary schools.

El proyecto de negocio presentado consta de un restaurante con el modelo de dark kitchen para aprovechar la rentabilidad que generan este tipo de estructuras de negocio. Nuestra propuesta consta de alimentos vegetarianos, dónde el producto estrella es nuestra hamburguesa 100% hecha a base de vegetales, pero con sabor y consistencia a la carne real. Esta propuesta de producto es disruptiva en el país ya que existe poca competencia directa, además responde a una tendencia global y local apostando por el cuidado del medio ambiente, respeto por la vida animal y preocupación por la salud de la sociedad. Nuestro enfoque del target group considera a carnívoros que buscan mejorar aspectos de salud en cuanto a su alimentación y los vegetarianos. En el trabajo a continuación, hemos desarrollado la investigación de mercado que resalta la necesidad y tendencias de alimentación de nuestro grupo objetivo, elaboramos un plan de marketing que busca precisar las acciones que contribuirán con las ventas proyectadas en un periodo de 05 años, realizamos el plan de operaciones, recursos humanos y un análisis financiero para establecer los procesos en cada etapa del proyecto. Finalmente, en el análisis financiero, los escenarios del proyecto resultaron indicadores financieros concluyendo que el negocio es viable porque generamos atractivos niveles de rentabilidad. / The business plan presented consists of a restaurant with the dark kitchen model to take advantage of the profitability generated by this type of business structure. Our proposal consists of vegetarian foods, where the star product is our 100% vegetable-based hamburger, but with the flavor and consistency of real meat. This product proposal is disruptive in the country since there is little direct competition, it also responds to a global and local trend betting on caring for the environment, respect for animal life and concern for the health of society. Our target group approach considers carnivores seeking to improve health aspects of their diet and vegetarians. In the following work presented, we have developed market research that highlights the need and trends in food for our target group, we develop a marketing plan that seeks to specify the actions that will contribute to the projected sales in a period of 05 years, we carry out the operational plans, human resources and a financial analysis to establish the processes in each stage of the project. Finally, in the financial analysis, the project scenarios resulted in financial indicators, concluding that the business is viable because we generate attractive levels of profitability. / Trabajo de investigación

This paper explores the adoption of additive manufacturing technology in the process industries and tries to provide a holistic view about the preference and scope of this technology in the process industry sector. There has been vast literature about use of this technology in the automobile, aerospace, and medical sector. This study will help us to understand how Additive Manufacturing technology is shaping the other process industries and explore if it has same significance. To address the research questions qualitative research method is used in this study with semi-structured interviews with the respondents in process industries and Additive Manufacturing suppliers. All respondents are selected using purposive sampling and remote interviews were conducted with them.The first finding of this study was that additive manufacturing can neither be stated directly as radical or disruptive innovation because this technology has shown both radical as well as disruptive changes in the process industry. Secondly, this technology is adopted in the process industry based on the three innovation attributes: relative advantage, trialability, and observability. Following this, there is discussion on important barriers and how companies are taking efforts to overcome this barrier and adopt this technology easily. Further, this study implies that there is still an immense scope to explore this technology to reap its full benefits. This study gives understanding to AM suppliers that small-scale firms in process industry could be a possible direction to explore for more business opportunities apart from automobile and aerospace industry. For potential researchers in additive manufacturing, this study stands to give understanding for adoption pattern and innovation attributes for which it is valued.

Additive manufacturing (AM), also called 3-dimensional printing (3DP), emerged as a disruptive technology affecting multiple organizations' business models and supply chains and endangering incumbents' financial health, or even rendering them obsolete. The world market for products created by AM has increased more than 25% year over year. Using Christensen's theory of disruptive innovation as a conceptual framework, the purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the successful strategies that 4 individual managers, 1 at each of 4 different light and high-tech manufacturing companies in the Netherlands, used to adopt AM technology into their business models. Participant firms originated from 3 provinces and included a value-added logistics service provider and 3 machine shops serving various industries, including the automotive and medical sectors. Data were collected through semistructured interviews, member checking, and analysis of company documents that provided information about the adoption of 3DP into business models. Using Yin's 5-step data analysis approach, data were compiled, disassembled, reassembled, interpreted, and concluded until 3 major themes emerged: identify business opportunities for AM technology, experiment with AM technology, and embed AM technology. Because of the design freedom the use of AM enables, in combination with its environmental efficiency, the implications for positive social change include possibilities for increasing local employment, improving the environment, and enhancing healthcare for the prosperity of local and global citizens by providing potential solutions that managers could use to deploy AM technology.

Implementing an effective social media marketing strategy campaign to engage customers and increase sales is a challenge for owners of small retail business owners The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the social media marketing strategies owners of small retail businesses used to increase sales. The conceptual framework for this study was the social media marketing strategy theory. Data were collected from 5 small retail business owners in North Carolina through semistructured, face-to-face interviews and a review of company documents, websites, and social media sites. Data analysis through Yin's 5-step process of compiling, disassembling, reassembling, interpreting, and concluding data resulted in 3 emergent themes: social media engagement strategy, outsourcing strategy, and target market strategy. Owners of small retail businesses might benefit from the findings of this study to increase sales by understanding how to integrate a mix of social media marketing platforms, improve customer engagement, use third-party social media experts to improve advertising, and target customers using social media. The implications of this study for positive social change include the potential for small business owners to increase job opportunities, lower local unemployment rates, and improve local economic growth and stability.

This research study addressed the problem of aggressive and disruptive behaviors for kindergarten through Grade 12 students in a school district located in Southeastern United States. The study examined classroom teachers' daily lived experiences with student aggression. Using a phenomenological design and guided by the frustration aggression theory and the social learning theory, the research questions explored teachers' responses to what can be done to help with disruptive and aggressive students and how social learning could help students with these behaviors. Data were collected from interviews with 5 individual teachers who had experienced aggressive and disruptive behaviors; data were also gathered from a focus group of 6 to increase credibility of the final interpretations. Both interview and focus group data were color-coded and thematically analyzed. Emergent themes revealed that aggressive disruptive behaviors included extreme disrespect toward teachers with physical and verbal abuse, and low teacher efficacy. The results indicated that social learning, through positive modeling, was needed to help aggressive disruptive students change their behavior. Teacher recommendations included professional training on social learning strategies, reducing class size, instilling a zero tolerance policy, increasing administrative support, and providing social learning programs for aggressive students. These recommendations could lead to social change by implementing constructive measures to reduce aggression and nurture positive teacher-student relationships by which students are empowered to learn and grow.

Most law firms have done little to address the opportunities and threats related to potentially disruptive technology (DT), such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies that law firm leaders in the United States used to address the potentially detrimental influences of DT, such as AI and ML, on their organizations. The systems approach to management was employed as the conceptual framework. Data were collected from 6 participants at 2 international law firms with offices in California using semistructured interviews and organizational artifacts. Data were analyzed using Miles, Huberman, and Saldana's data analysis method, resulting in 4 themes: recognizing the legal ecosystem and legal firms are open systems, but organizational subsystems often function as semiclosed systems; acknowledging that while DT represents the most significant potential challenge in the near future, the immediate challenge is improving technology, which requires organizational adjustments; recognizing the need for firms to invest more heavily in innovation generation activities; and realizing the need for increased utilization of augmenting technologies, such as AI or ML, to streamline nonadvisory outputs. The findings of this study might support best practices for addressing DT and contribute to social change by outlining ways in which firms can lower costs to clients while increasing access to legal services for those in underserved communities.

Juvenile direct-care officers working in juvenile correctional facilities historically responded to critical and potentially aggressive incidents using nontherapeutic strategies. The purpose of this study was to examine and to understand the lived experiences of direct-care officers' use of de-escalation skills for managing violent and disruptive behaviors in juvenile correctional facilities. The findings from this study may add to the existing literature by describing juvenile correctional officers' experiences as well as to better understand their perceptions and attitude using de-escalation strategies in correctional environments. The social learning and self-efficacy theories provided the conceptual framework to examine and understand their experiences. The phenomenological design was used to examine the lived experiences of 9 juvenile direct-care officers use of de-escalation strategies to respond to disruptive and aggressive incidents within the juvenile correctional facility. The 9 direct-care officers participated in audio-recorded interviews that were transcribed and analyzed using Moustakas's phenomenological steps that identified 3 themes using de-escalation strategies: to avoid use of force and reduce liability of injuries; to resolve conflicts using their words to de-escalate the youth or the situation; and to use according to their training, perceived level of confidence, and effectiveness of de-escalation strategies. Understanding direct-care officers' perceptions of use of de-escalation may result in positive social change for fostering caring and safe living correctional environments and strengthen current training curriculums for working with aggressive and disruptive behaviors.

Externalizing behavior problems such as noncompliance, tantrums, and aggression constitutes the most frequently cited reason for referral of young children to mental health clinics. The treatment for conduct problems (CP) that possesses the greatest amount of empirical support is referred to as behavioral parent training (BPT). Yet available data suggest that after accounting for treatment failures and dropouts, only about one third of children receiving BPT benefit significantly. More recently, there has been a shift towards the development of early intervention and prevention models for treating children at-risk for developing CP. While many of these programs have been shown to be effective, they fail to address shortcomings of BPT such as the length of treatment and the context of service delivery. Furthermore, the majority of these programs continue to be classified as selective or indicated prevention programs, thereby targeting children once they have already begun showing elevated levels of disruptive behaviors. More recently, a preventative and abbreviated version of BPT, called preventative behavioral parent training (PBPT), has been developed to address the limitations inherent in BPT. A recent evaluation of PBPT has demonstrated its utility in reducing rates of noncompliance and tantruming in children at-risk for developing CP. This study sought to add to previous findings regarding PBPT by evaluating its effectiveness when disseminated as a universal prevention program within a primary care setting. More specifically, this study aimed to evaluate whether PBPT could be utilized to support parents in learning effective strategies for managing their young child's typical misbehaviors, thereby preventing the development of clinical levels of CP and strengthening the practices of all parents. Results demonstrated that PBPT yielded positive outcomes in regards to both child and parent outcome variables. Furthermore, program evaluation data revealed that the PBPT program was socially acceptable and the strategies discussed were both feasible and effective. Taken together, the current study provides preliminary evidence of the positive proximal impact of the PBPT program. Potential clinical implications of these findings and future directions for research are discussed.

The aim of this paper is to investigate EFL (English as a Foreign Language) students’ acceptance of teacher interventions to disruptive behavior in the classroom. As a method, qualitative research was conducted, including a collection of qualitative and quantitative data through a questionnaire, as well as a qualitative analysis. The respondents to the questionnaire were grade 7-9 students, located in the southern part of Sweden. The results indicate that the two interventions which both research and the study’s participants accepted, were Shorter recess and Quiet reprimand. Further, the interventions which research and the respondents somewhat agreed on, were Ignore, Stare, Approach and Parents/principal. Lastly, the two interventions which research and the participants disagreed on, were Stop it and Other room. There is a need for more research on students’ acceptance of interventions; therefore, we recommend future researchers to investigate it further.