Há evidências que associam a prática de atividade física (AF) nos transtornos alimentares (TA) como método compensatório na busca do controle do peso e apetite. O objetivo da pesquisa foi determinar o perfil de AF dos pacientes atendidos no Programa de Transtornos Alimentares (AMBULIM) do Instituto de Psiquiatria da Faculdade de Medicina da USP. A amostra foi composta por pacientes com diagnóstico de anorexia nervosa (AN, n=27), bulimia nervosa (BN, n=31) e um grupo controle (GC, n=13). A coleta de dados envolveu avaliar as variáveis da AF por meio de uma medida objetiva (acelerômetro), atividades físicas autorreferidas, e o grau de compromisso com o exercício. Variáveis nutricionais e psicológicas foram mensuradas por meio de escalas de atitudes alimentares, de insatisfação corporal, depressão e ansiedade para análise de associações. A comparação entre os grupos de AN, BN e GC, foi feita por meio de Kruskal Wallis. Para analisar as prevalências e os possíveis fatores relacionados à prática de AF foram realizados o teste Quiquadrado, a razão de prevalências (RP) e a medida de Odds Ratio (OR). Nas variáveis antropométricas, nutricionais e psicológicas o grupo controle apresentou resultados adequados, dentro das faixas limítrofes à saúde, com baixo risco para TA, níveis de depressão e de ansiedade em comparação aos grupos de TA (p<0,05). Na medida objetiva, a BN apresentou o maior tempo de duração na AF leve, em comparação aos demais grupos (p<0,001). Nas associações de RP, ao assumir uma nota de corte pela mediana, aquelas que permaneceram na AF leve no acelerômetro, por um tempo superior a 973 minutos apresentaram 2,1 vezes a prevalência de ter BN, quando comparado com quem ficou um tempo igual ou inferior; na AN a medida de risco não foi significativa. Limitações da pesquisa exigem cautela na observação dos resultados. A prática compulsiva, baseada no escore total do grau de compromisso com o exercício, não interferiu na prevalência de TA na amostra estudada. Também não foram encontradas associações entre a prática de AF e as variáveis antropométricas, nutricionais e psicológicas, exceto a insatisfação corporal. Aquelas que apresentaram insatisfação corporal tiveram 3,4 vezes mais chances de praticar AF. É necessário aprofundar os estudos e buscar instrumentos validados que auxiliem na investigação da prática excessiva e/ou compulsiva nos TA / Evidence shows that physical activity (PA) for eating disorder (ED) individuals is a compensatory behavior seeking weight and appetite control. The purpose of this research was to determine the PA of the patients from the Eating Disorders Program (AMBULIM) at the Sao Paulo Universitys Psychiatric Institute. The sample was composed of patients diagnosed with Anorexia Nervosa (AN, n=27), Bulimia (BN, n=31) and a control group (CG, n=13). The data collection involved assessing PA by using an objective instrument (accelerometer), self-reported physical activities, and commitment to exercise. Nutritional and psychological variables were measured with scales of eating attitudes, body dissatisfaction, depression, and anxiety. Comparison between AN, BN and CG groups, was tested by Kruskal Wallis. In order to analyze the prevalence and the possible factors related to PA, Chi Square, Prevalence Ratio (RP), and Odds Ratio (OR) were performed. In the anthropometric, nutritional and psychological variables, CG presented the expected low risk for ED, depression and anxiety levels when compared to the ED groups (p<.05). In the objective instrument, BN presented the longer duration time of light PA, when compared to the other groups (p<.001). Considering the median as the cutoff for RP associations, those who exercised at light intensity measured with by accelerometer for over 973 minutes, presented 2.1 more prevalence of developing BN, when compared to those exercising equally or less time. The risk was negligible for AN. Limitations for this study are warranted: the compulsive exercise, based on the degree of the commitment to exercising, did not interfere in the prevalence of ED. Associations between the practice of PA and the anthropometric, nutritional and psychological variables, except for body dissatisfaction were not found. Those who presented dissatisfaction had 3.4 more chances of practicing PA. It is necessary to further study this population and use validated tools to investigate ED and levels of PA

L’objectif de recherche principal poursuivi dans cette thèse de doctorat est de mieux comprendre le rôle d’une insatisfaction corporelle dans l’adoption de pratiques de maintien et de changement du poids chez des adolescent(e)s québécois(es). Pour atteindre cet objectif de recherche principal, trois articles scientifiques liés les uns aux autres ont été rédigés. Chaque article poursuit des objectifs spécifiques (1er article: estimer les proportions d’adolescent(e)s québécois(e)s poursuivant un objectif de poids apparié et non-apparié à leur poids actuel et identifier les déterminants des objectifs de poids non-apparié au poids actuel, 2e article: identifier des associations entre un objectif de poids apparié vs. non-apparié au poids actuel et la fréquence d’utilisation de différents comportements liés au poids et à l’alimentation, 3e article: observer des associations entre différents degrés d’insatisfaction corporelle et l’utilisation de divers comportements liés au poids et à l’alimentation et examiner le rôle modérateur d’un objectif de poids apparié vs. non-apparié au poids actuel dans ces associations) permettant de répondre à l’objectif de recherche principal. Ces articles ont tous été élaborés à partir de l’analyse secondaire d’une banque de données quantitatives constituée par l’Institut de la statistique du Québec (ISQ) et nommée: Enquête sociale et de santé auprès des enfants et des adolescents québécois (ESSEA). L’ESSEA a été constitué auprès d’un échantillon populationnel et représentatif d’enfants et d’adolescent(e)s québécois(es) âgé(e)s de neuf, 13 et 16 ans. Les résultats de cette thèse indiquent qu’une insatisfaction corporelle est associée à la poursuite d’un objectif de poids non-apparié au poids actuel, ainsi qu’à l’utilisation de comportements liés au poids et à l’alimentation sains, malsains et déviants. Des associations ont également été observées entre l’objectif de poids poursuivi par un adolescent(e) et divers comportements utilisés pour l’atteindre. En effet, la poursuite d’un objectif de poids non-apparié au poids actuel est associée à l’utilisation de comportements malsains. Cette association n’est cependant pas présente en ce qui à trait à l’utilisation de comportements sains et déviants, ceux-ci étant strictement prédits par une insatisfaction corporelle. Des effets de médiation et de modération ont aussi été identifiés. Une insatisfaction corporelle est une variable de médiation entre une détresse psychologique chez les adolescentes et la poursuite d’un objectif de poids non-apparié au poids actuel. Finalement, un objectif de poids non-apparié au poids actuel est une variable modifiant l’association entre une insatisfaction corporelle et l’utilisation de comportements malsains chez les adolescent(e)s québécois(es). En conclusion, il existe diverses associations entre une insatisfaction corporelle et l’adoption de pratiques de maintien et de changement du poids chez des adolescent(e)s québécois(es). Une insatisfaction corporelle est donc une cible d’intervention pertinente pour la santé publique puisqu’elle peut servir de base à l’élaboration d’interventions visant la promotion d’un poids santé ainsi que de saines stratégies de contrôle du poids. / The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to better understand the role of body (dis)satisfaction in the adoption of practices directed toward body weight maintenance or body weight modification among Quebec adolescents. To reach this overall thesis objective, three theoretically and conceptually linked scientific papers were written. Although linked to one another, each paper pursues specific research objectives (1st article: to estimate proportions of adolescents with a weight goal that matched and mismatched weight status, and to identify correlates of a mismatched weight goal, 2nd article: to examine associations between matched vs. mismatched weight goals and the frequency of use of different weight-related behaviors, 3rd article: to examine associations between different levels of body dissatisfaction and different frequencies of use of weight-related behaviors and, to investigate whether or not the person’s weight goal moderates these associations) which allow for answering the main thesis objective. These papers were generated from secondary data analyses on a quantitative dataset built by the Institut de la statistique du Québec (ISQ) and named: Quebec Child and Adolescent Health and Social Survey. This dataset was based on data collected from a representative population-based sample of Quebec children and adolescents aged nine, 13, and 16 years old. The results of this thesis indicate that body dissatisfaction is associated with pursuing a mismatched weight goal as well as with the use of healthy, unhealthy, and disordered health behaviors. Associations are also observed between weight goals and weight-related behaviors used to reach weight goals. Indeed, pursuing a mismatched weight goal was found to be associated with the use of unhealthy weight-related behaviors across both sexes. This association is however not significant for the use of healthy and disordered health behaviors. These behaviors were solely predicted by body dissatisfaction. Mediation and moderation effects were also identified. It was found that being body dissatisfied mediated the association between psychological distress among adolescent girls and pursuing a mismatched weight goal. Finally, pursuing a mismatched weight goal was also found to moderate associations between body dissatisfaction and using unhealthy weight-related behaviors among both Quebec adolescent boys and girls. We conclude that there are various associations between body dissatisfaction and the adoption of practices directed toward body weight maintenance or body weight modification among Quebec adolescents. Body dissatisfaction thus represents a pertinent target for public health intervention in the sense that it can serve as the basis for the elaboration of interventions aimed at promoting healthy body weights and healthy weight management strategies.

Arivia.kom was formed out of a merger of the information technology (IT) departments of Eskom, Transnet and Denel. The aim was to address skilled staff losses and to achieve economies of scale. Agreements were drafted ensuring arivia.kom business patronage for a period of five years. Arivia.kom's commencement was accompanied by problems, affecting its customers to the extent that they indicated dissatisfaction with performance. This study established the extent of those problems, and the reasons for their occurrence. A market analysis was conducted with specific focus on customer and competitor analysis. An investigation was conducted into the quality of service, overall customer impression of the organisation since its inception, as well as performance against competitors. The major findings indicated that performance problems were not isolated incidents but consistent across the organisation. These problems stemmed from poor organisational design, poorly evolved organisational culture, unclear positioning and poor competitor and customer intelligence capability. / Business Management / M. Comm. (Business Management)

This study investigated the factors that affect the job satisfaction of principals of previously disadvantaged secondary schools in the North West Province. The aims of the study were to determine empirically, through quantitative and qualitative means, the factors that influence the job satisfaction of the principals, and to make recommendations of ways to improve their job satisfaction. In the quantitative phase the research design was a survey. Data were collected from a purposefully selected sample of 30 principals of 30 secondary schools conveniently situated and accessible, in rural villages and townships. Thereafter a phenomenological approach was used to select eight principals from the same sample. The aim was to, by means of interviews, find clarity on the trends observed in the quantitative phase. The researcher purposefully selected participants representing a maximum variation regarding gender, geographical location, and years of experience as a teacher or a headmaster. The results indicated that the factors that enhanced the job satisfaction of the selected principals related to the nature of their work in the sense that it was stimulating, important and varied. Their interpersonal relationships were also gratifying. These relationships referred to cooperative staff, appreciative colleagues and supervisors, well-behaved learners, and supportive parents. Specific factors also brought about job dissatisfaction. In particular, the majority of the principals were frustrated with poor management on the part of the Department of Education. This was linked to a lack of autonomy of the principals, excessive bureaucracy, and poor policies. The principals believed that these policies exacerbated the problems they already had with ill-disciplined learners, the poor work ethics of some educators, unsatisfactory matriculation results, pitiable physical working conditions, and uninvolved parents.Results from the research also showed that the principals thought their workloads were not aligned to their salaries, and that reward systems were needed. Recommendations to enhance the job satisfaction of the principals of the identified secondary schools were made to the SGB and other school managers, as well as to the Department of Education, and recommendations for future research were also put forward. Finally, a number of limitations of the study were pointed out. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Education Management)

Eating disorders have been studied from different points of view lately. They have occured in the centre of various psychiatric and psychologic diagnostics and therapy surveys and they have also been analysed as a sociocultural element of our lifestyle norms, our values and image standards. The number of men and women suffered from these disorders cannot be neither compared nor omitted. It is statistically clear that about ten per cent of anorexics and bulimics are male patients. Going West, the number of male patients is increasing. These disorders in men are usually connected with jobs, mostly those such as jockeys, gymnasts and dancers. Bulimia and anorexia are reported as typically women disorders therefore men hardly any time concede they can suffer from this problem and need a specialist´s advice.. The aim of the work has been to map eating behaviour, a lifestyle, physical activities and risk factors responsible for eating disorder incidence such as a distorted view of the body and being on a diet among men between the ages of 15 to 30. A quantitative technique approach using questionnaires was applied. There were stated four hypotheses concerning the relation between body acceptance and physical activities, methods used for body weight control and differences in lifestyles of secondary school students.

Há evidências que associam a prática de atividade física (AF) nos transtornos alimentares (TA) como método compensatório na busca do controle do peso e apetite. O objetivo da pesquisa foi determinar o perfil de AF dos pacientes atendidos no Programa de Transtornos Alimentares (AMBULIM) do Instituto de Psiquiatria da Faculdade de Medicina da USP. A amostra foi composta por pacientes com diagnóstico de anorexia nervosa (AN, n=27), bulimia nervosa (BN, n=31) e um grupo controle (GC, n=13). A coleta de dados envolveu avaliar as variáveis da AF por meio de uma medida objetiva (acelerômetro), atividades físicas autorreferidas, e o grau de compromisso com o exercício. Variáveis nutricionais e psicológicas foram mensuradas por meio de escalas de atitudes alimentares, de insatisfação corporal, depressão e ansiedade para análise de associações. A comparação entre os grupos de AN, BN e GC, foi feita por meio de Kruskal Wallis. Para analisar as prevalências e os possíveis fatores relacionados à prática de AF foram realizados o teste Quiquadrado, a razão de prevalências (RP) e a medida de Odds Ratio (OR). Nas variáveis antropométricas, nutricionais e psicológicas o grupo controle apresentou resultados adequados, dentro das faixas limítrofes à saúde, com baixo risco para TA, níveis de depressão e de ansiedade em comparação aos grupos de TA (p<0,05). Na medida objetiva, a BN apresentou o maior tempo de duração na AF leve, em comparação aos demais grupos (p<0,001). Nas associações de RP, ao assumir uma nota de corte pela mediana, aquelas que permaneceram na AF leve no acelerômetro, por um tempo superior a 973 minutos apresentaram 2,1 vezes a prevalência de ter BN, quando comparado com quem ficou um tempo igual ou inferior; na AN a medida de risco não foi significativa. Limitações da pesquisa exigem cautela na observação dos resultados. A prática compulsiva, baseada no escore total do grau de compromisso com o exercício, não interferiu na prevalência de TA na amostra estudada. Também não foram encontradas associações entre a prática de AF e as variáveis antropométricas, nutricionais e psicológicas, exceto a insatisfação corporal. Aquelas que apresentaram insatisfação corporal tiveram 3,4 vezes mais chances de praticar AF. É necessário aprofundar os estudos e buscar instrumentos validados que auxiliem na investigação da prática excessiva e/ou compulsiva nos TA / Evidence shows that physical activity (PA) for eating disorder (ED) individuals is a compensatory behavior seeking weight and appetite control. The purpose of this research was to determine the PA of the patients from the Eating Disorders Program (AMBULIM) at the Sao Paulo Universitys Psychiatric Institute. The sample was composed of patients diagnosed with Anorexia Nervosa (AN, n=27), Bulimia (BN, n=31) and a control group (CG, n=13). The data collection involved assessing PA by using an objective instrument (accelerometer), self-reported physical activities, and commitment to exercise. Nutritional and psychological variables were measured with scales of eating attitudes, body dissatisfaction, depression, and anxiety. Comparison between AN, BN and CG groups, was tested by Kruskal Wallis. In order to analyze the prevalence and the possible factors related to PA, Chi Square, Prevalence Ratio (RP), and Odds Ratio (OR) were performed. In the anthropometric, nutritional and psychological variables, CG presented the expected low risk for ED, depression and anxiety levels when compared to the ED groups (p<.05). In the objective instrument, BN presented the longer duration time of light PA, when compared to the other groups (p<.001). Considering the median as the cutoff for RP associations, those who exercised at light intensity measured with by accelerometer for over 973 minutes, presented 2.1 more prevalence of developing BN, when compared to those exercising equally or less time. The risk was negligible for AN. Limitations for this study are warranted: the compulsive exercise, based on the degree of the commitment to exercising, did not interfere in the prevalence of ED. Associations between the practice of PA and the anthropometric, nutritional and psychological variables, except for body dissatisfaction were not found. Those who presented dissatisfaction had 3.4 more chances of practicing PA. It is necessary to further study this population and use validated tools to investigate ED and levels of PA

The purpose of this study is to present populism as a political phenomenon and to impose focus on the rightwing populist parties that are active in Scandinavia. This essay begins with a presentation of the three rightwing political parties in Scandinavia. The rightwing populist parties have successfully developed their rhetoric and effectively influenced the political establishment in Sweden, Norway and Denmark. The parties that the essay focuses on are the Swedish democrats (SD), the Norwegian Progress party (FRP) and the Danish People`s party (DF). These parties are interesting in the sense that they share many opinions and are active in comparable political atmospheres, but also that they use approximately the same rightwing populist rhetoric as a way of exerting leverage on political policy. The theoretical segment is constructed on a descriptive historical background of populisms three different phases. It begins with the classic populism then the “dissatisfaction party” and in conclusion, today's rightwing populism. The theoretical segment also addresses populisms ideological foundations and its contents. This includes the country of birth, the people, welfare “chauvinism” on ethnic national grounds, targeted dissatisfaction, criticism against representative democracy, populisms dynamic structure, hostility to foreigners and stranger distrust. The empirical analysis of the political parties is based on seven starting points: basic values, views on peoples worth, most important unit in society, method for social change, political forms of managing, economic organization and utopia. To illustrate these points a comparison between the average parties is done, by examining their respective party agendas. The conclusion is drawn that there are few resemblances between the political parties examined; the differences considered are clearly stronger than the resemblances. The differences lie mostly in basis values, most important unit in society and political forms of managing. Furthermore are the resemblances only partial. The parties were most similar in relation to the family’s position in the society. SD and DF can be said to have similar ideologies while FRP’s ideology differs somewhat. SD and DF can be described as conservative nationalist parties, while FRP is a mixture of neoliberalism and conservatism. After studying each party’s principle agendas it can be established that all three parties utilize rightwing rhetoric. Keywords: rightwing populist parties, Swedish democrats, Norwegian Progress party and Danish People`s party, theoretical and analytical structure, empirical analysis.

The aim of this study was to investigate, from an educational management perspective, the factors that influence job satisfaction amongst special needs educators in selected New Zealand special needs schools. A qualitative research method was utilised to investigate the educational management strategies that influence the job satisfaction of special needs educators in selected New Zealand special needs schools. This dissertation presents the findings from a questionnaire on participants’ geographical details and data from related interviews. The findings from this study indicate that the job satisfaction of special needs educators is mainly influenced by factors such as management support, adequate resources, collaborative working relationships, ability of students with special educational needs to progress, and communication, among others. The study makes certain recommendations to help special needs educational managers effectively manage factors that influence job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction for special needs educators. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Education Management)

La détection d'insatisfaction basée sur les notes de progression rédigées par des soignants de la santé domestique attire de plus en plus d'attention en tant que méthode de sondage, ce qui aidera à réduire le taux de rotation du personnel soignant. Nous proposons d'étudier la détection d'insatisfaction du soignant comme un problème de classification binaire (le soignant est susceptible de quitter ou pas). Dans ce mémoire, les données réelles de six mois recueillies à partir de deux agences de soins à domicile sont utilisées. Après avoir montré la nature des données et le prétraitement des données, trois tâches de classification avec des granularités d'échantillonnage différentes (par note, par période et par soignant) sont conçues et abordées. Différentes combinaisons d'hyper-paramètres d'étiquetage sont soigneusement testées. Différentes méthodes de découpage sont couvertes pour montrer les limites des performances théoriques des modèles. L'aire sous la courbe ROC est utilisée pour évaluer les limites des approches mises en place que nous aurons mis en place. Les 6 ensembles d'attributs textuels et statistiques sont comparées. Enfin, les caractéristiques importantes des résultats sont analysées manuellement et automatiquement. Nous montrons que les modèles fonctionnent mieux "par note" et "par période" que "par soignant" en termes de classification des notes. L'analyse manuelle montre que les modèles capturent les facteurs d'insatisfaction bien qu'il y en ait assez peu. L'analyse automatique n'exprime cependant aucune information utile. / Dissatisfaction detection based on the home health caregiver's progress note draws more and more attention as a probing method, which will help lower down the turnover rate. We propose to study the detection of dissatisfaction of health caregiver as a binary classification problem (the caregiver is likely to "leave" or "stay"). In this master thesis, the real six-month data collected from two home care agencies are used. After showing the nature of the data and the prepossessing of data, three classification tasks with different sample granularity (note wise, period wise and employee wise) are designed and tackled. Different combinations of labeling hyper-parameters are tested thoroughly. Different split methods are covered to show the theoretical performance boundaries of the models. The under the ROC curve area (AUC) scores are reported to show the description ability of each model. The 6 sets of textual and statistical features' performance are compared. Lastly, the important features from the results are analyzed manually and automatically. We show that models work better on note wise and period wise than employee wise in terms of classifying the notes. The result of manual analysis shows the models capture the dissatisfaction factors, although there are quite few. The result of automatic analysis doesn't show any useful information.

Employee turnover in the U.S. fast food industry has been high, averaging rate 150% per annum. The purpose of the correlational design study was to examine the relationships between job satisfaction factors, job dissatisfaction factors, and employee turnover intentions among fast food employees to determine whether a statistically significant relationship exists between these variables. The population for the study consisted of 144 fast food restaurant employees working in the East Coast in the United States. The theoretical framework was Herzberg's 2-factor motivation-hygiene needs theory, which describes job satisfaction factors and job dissatisfaction factors. Internet survey data of 144 participants were analyzed using Pearson-product correlation coefficients and multiple linear regressions analysis. The study findings revealed statistically significant relationships between job satisfaction factors and employee turnover intentions (p < .01), and job dissatisfaction factors and employee turnover intentions (p < .01). Among the job satisfaction factors, responsibility had a stronger relationship with employee turnover intentions (-.52) compared with other factors. Under job dissatisfaction factors, company policy had a stronger relationship with employee turnover intentions (-.52) compared with other factors. In addition, criterion variance of employee turnover intentions associated with combined job satisfaction factors was stronger (35%) than were the combined job dissatisfaction factors (31%). The study findings are designed to inform fast food restaurant managers in taking actions to reduce employee turnover, resulting in improved business financial sustainability and long-term growth.