CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / The great demand for techniques that can detect and determine the degree of susceptibility to corrosion motivated thedevelopment of a research project that resulted in the construction of a portable electrochemical cell that has been validated according to ASTM A262. The success of this technique for nondestructive evaluation has motivated the expansion of this technique to other materials and phenomena of precipitation. In this work it was evaluated the use of this EPR-DL portable cell used applied for assessing the susceptibility to corrosion in super duplex stainless steels UNSS32750 and UNSS32760.Those materials were heat treated at 475ÂC and 850ÂC at different time of creating different patterns precipitation of deleterious phases to be detected by the cell. The solutions used were: 2M H2SO4 +0.01 M KSCN +0.5 M NaCl (solution 1 ) and 2M H2SO4 +0.01 M KSCN +1.0 M NaCl (solution 2) and the speedsscanswerestudied: 1.67 mV / s , 3.0 mV / s and 6.0 mV / s. To prove the presence of deleterious phases precipitation and associate them with the electrochemical behavior presentedby the electrochemical cell, the sampleshad theirmicrostructuresanalyzedby optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive of X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Also the consumption of ferrite magnetic phase was assessed with ferrite scope and performed Vickers hardness tests to analyze the increasing in hardness due to precipitation of deleterious phases. It was observed by OM, SEM / EDS, ferrite scope, EPR- DL and Vickers hardness, that as much longer the heat treatment the amount of deleterious phasesprecipitated was increased. The results demonstrated that the solution 2 was the most effective in detecting susceptibility to corrosion, being capable to detect the depletion of chromium even in conditions of low precipitation and obtaining greater values of Ir/Ia as the scanning speed was reduced to the same condition of heat treatment. All these analyzes has confirmed that the EPR- DL portable cell was able to detect the depletionof chromium caused by the presence of deleterious phases, and reflecting the degree of susceptibility to corrosion of SDSS which were studied / A grande demanda por tÃcnicas que consigam detectar e determinar o grau de susceptibilidade à corrosÃo motivou o desenvolvimento de um projeto que resultou na construÃÃo de uma cÃlula portÃtil para a determinaÃÃo do fenÃmeno da sensitizaÃÃo em aÃos inoxidÃveis austenÃticos, a qual foi validada seguindo a norma ASTM A262. O sucesso desta tÃcnica nÃo destrutiva em campo tem motivado a expansÃo dessa tÃcnica de anÃlise para outros materiais e fenÃmenos de precipitaÃÃo. O presente trabalho apresenta a avaliaÃÃo dessa cÃlula portÃtil utilizada em ensaios de EPRâDL para avaliaÃÃo de susceptibilidade a corrosÃo nos AISD UNS S32750 e UNS S32760. Estes materiais foram tratados termicamente a 475ÂC e a 850ÂCem diferentes tempos, criando diferentes padrÃes de precipitaÃÃes de fases deletÃrias para serem detectados pela cÃlula. As soluÃÃes utilizadas foram: 2M de H2SO4+0,01M de KSCN+0,5 M de NaCl (soluÃÃo 1) e 2M de H2SO4+0,01M de KSCN+1,0 M de NaCl (soluÃÃo2) e as velocidades de varreduras estudadas foram de 1,67mV/s, 3,0mV/s e 6,0mV/s. Para comprovar a presenÃa da precipitaÃÃo de fases deletÃrias e associÃ-las ao comportamento eletroquÃmico apresentado pela cÃlula, as amostras tiveram suas microestruturas analisadas por microscopia Ãtica (MO), microscopia eletrÃnica de varredura (MEV),e ensaios com energia dispersiva de raios-X (EDS).TambÃm foram avaliados o consumo da fase ferrita por analise magnÃtica com ferritoscÃpio e realizados ensaios de dureza Vickers para analisar o aumento da dureza devido a precipitaÃÃo das fases deletÃrias. Foi observado por MO, MEV/ EDS, ferritoscÃpio, EPR-DL e por dureza Vickers que quando maior o tempo de tratamento tÃrmico maior foi a quantidade de fases deletÃrias precipitadas. Quanto maior foi o nÃvel de precipitaÃÃo, maiores foram os valores de Ir/Ia e maiores valores de dureza foram obtidos. Os resultados mostraram que a soluÃÃo 2 foi a mais eficaz na detecÃÃo da susceptibilidade a corrosÃo, conseguindo detectar o empobrecimento de cromo mesmo em condiÃÃes de baixa precipitaÃÃo, e obtendo maior valores de Ir/Ia conforme a velocidade de varredura era diminuÃda para uma mesma condiÃÃo de tratamento. Todas essas anÃlises comprovaram que a cÃlula portÃtil de EPR- DL foi capaz de detectar o empobrecimento de cromo ocasionado pela presenÃa das fases deletÃrias, e refletindo o grau de susceptibilidade a corrosÃo dos AISD estudados.

My research explores the interrelationship between Norwegian folk music and Norwegian jazz from 1945 to 1995 (with updates to 2002) and assesses the extent to which the results can now be considered as constituting an indigenous art form. A short historical overview of Norwegian geography and history contextualises the development of Norwegian folk music and, in particular, its musical characteristics. It is argued that the geographical remoteness of many Norwegian communities isolated the local culture from the rest of the land's population, a situation which continued until collectors such as Lindeman and Sandvik began their tours of the landlying districts from about 1830 and 1900 respectively, collecting material and comparing it with what was discovered elsewhere. The end of World War II heralded the start of an important phase of development in Swedish jazz, which began to cultivate a Scandinavian style of performance and a Scandinavian repertoire. In Norway, some years later, jazz musicians were influenced by indigenous folk music and the principal folk music types that provided inspiration are scrutinised. I then concentrate on defining a Scandinavian jazz style and a recognisable Norwegian variant. The importance of the Lydian mode in Norwegian music is discussed, and the theories of Geirr Tveitt and George Russell receive critical evaluation in relation to Norwegian jazz. Jan Garbarek's composition Molde Canticle is analysed, as is one of its successors, the album Uncharted Land. The contributions of ECM and Manfred Eicher are evaluated, and I conclude with a survey of the contributions of other central figures in the combined field of Norwegian folk music and jazz.

This dissertation aims to explore the extent to which what has been termed „the civilising mission‟ has been a central rationale behind Norwegian cultural policy. In order to contextualise the research the German term Bildung, which refers to human growth processes, is used as a conceptual framework. Bildung can be achieved in two different, albeit related, ways: firstly, through an object approach, which takes great works of arts as its point of departure and where personal growth can be achieved through exposure to these and which endorses clear cultural hierarchies, and secondly, through a subject approach, which emphasises each individual‟s own preferences and desires and where a much greater range of cultural activities can facilitate personal growth. In addition to an historical analysis of the ideas that have informed Norwegian cultural policies dating back to 1814, this project draws upon „green papers‟ published by the Norwegian government through its Ministry of Culture. This is supplemented by a more detailed analysis of a key cultural policy initiative of the 2000s: den kulturelle skolesekken (DKS)1, which is a major programme initiated to enable children in primary school to be exposed to art-works produced by professional artists. The project concludes that although a subject and an object approach to Bildung have co-existed throughout the period charted here there has since the 90s been an increased focus on the object oriented approach. This appears evident both in the general cultural policy discourse but articularly through the disciplining aspect of DKS and its strong focus on, what is being referred to as, the „professional arts‟ as a vehicle for Bildung.

It is a well-established fact that all human societies have coexisted with and are dependent upon animals and it is increasingly recognized that the study of human-animal relationships provides vital insights into past human societies. Still this is yet to be widely embraced in archaeology. This thesis has examined human-animal interdependencies to explore the social identities and structure of society in the Norse North Atlantic. Benefitting from recent research advances in animal studies and the ever increasing volume of archaeological reports from Norse period archaeological excavations the North Atlantic this thesis was able to develop previous scholarship and define directions for future research. The thesis explored the role of animals in human society in the North Atlantic to reveal the complex Norse societies that existed. It revealed through human interdependencies with animals that these societies were far from homogeneous and had their own distinct identities with the individual islands as well as across the North Atlantic. The thesis achieved this by examining several important discrete but interlinked themes. These themes were divided into four chapters that focused on the individual aspects. This included an examination of previous North Atlantic Viking Age scholarship, consideration of human construction and perception of landscape through archaeological excavations, investigation of the role of domestic animals in human social activities, and an exploration of the role of domesticated animals in beliefs. Although these are all connected the structure of the thesis was deliberately chosen to restrict repetition, although given the interconnected nature of human social identities, society and worldview this was not entirely possible. This thesis addressed some of the most fundamental questions in Norse archaeology. Notably, through examination of human-animal interdependencies, it provided a detailed insight into how Norse society understood and perceived the world, and consequently the structure of Norse society and social identities.

PAIVA, F. M. de. Propriedades vibracionais de cristais de valina e ácido glutâmico monohidratado na forma dl. 2017. 172 f. Tese (Doutorado em Física) – Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2017. / Submitted by Pós-Graduação em Física (posgrad@fisica.ufc.br) on 2017-05-15T15:10:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_tese_fmpaiva.pdf: 20393318 bytes, checksum: f256b3886895171c76deba04fe89a2b5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Giordana Silva (giordana.nascimento@gmail.com) on 2017-05-15T18:42:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_tese_fmpaiva.pdf: 20393318 bytes, checksum: f256b3886895171c76deba04fe89a2b5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-15T18:42:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_tese_fmpaiva.pdf: 20393318 bytes, checksum: f256b3886895171c76deba04fe89a2b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / This work aims at vibrational and structural characterization of amino acids valine (C5H11NO2) and glutamic acid monohydrate (C5H9NO4.H2O), both in DL-form. Crystals of these amino acids were grown by the slow evaporation method using water as solvent. For the verification of the structure of both samples we proceeded the realization of X-ray diffraction experiments, at ambient conditions, and Rietveld refinement. Raman and infrared spectroscopy experiments were realized at ambient conditions and the classification of vibrational modes for both crystals was proposed. In order to study the stability of the structure of these two amino acids were realized X-ray diffraction, Raman and infrared spectroscopy, and thermal analysis of DSC and TG in function of the temperature. Results of Raman and infrared spectroscopy were realized showed that the structure of the DL-valine is stable at high temperature until the occurrence of its decomposition at 473 K also verified in the TG/DSC experiments. The diffraction pattern of DL-glutamic acid monohydrate crystals presented changes in peaks between 248 and 313 K and, from 373 K, began the dehydration of the structure, in concordance with the TG/DSC experiments. At 398 K the structure is completely dehydrated. At low temperatures the stability of the structure of DL-valine was verified by experiments of Raman spectroscopy since the temperature of 300 down to 42 K, and infrared, of 300 down to 80 K. Modifications in the modes corresponding to the rocking of the unit, r(CO2), what drives us to believe that this crystal suffers a conformational phase transition at low temperatures. As for the crystals of DL-glutamic acid monohydrate, were performed Raman spectroscopy experiments, at low temperatures, in two orientations, in the first from 300 to 13 K and, in the second, form 295 to 12 K and in the infrared the amino acid was subjected to temperature variations between 300 and 80 K. Also were made measures of X-ray diffraction between ambient temperature and 83 K. Continuous changes in the diffraction pattern, as well as in the number of vibration modes indicate that the structure of this amino acid suffer a structural transition between 284 e 203 K. / Este trabalho visa a caracterização estrutural e vibracional dos aminoácidos valina (C5H11NO2) e ácido glutâmico monohidratado (C5H9NO4.H2O), ambos na forma DL. Cristais destes aminoácidos foram crescidos pelo método de evaporação lenta usando água como solvente. Para a comprovação da estrutura dos mesmos procedeu-se a realização de experimentos de difração de raios-X, em condições ambiente, e refinamento Rietveld. Experimentos de espectroscopia Raman e infravermelho foram realizadas em condições ambientes e a classificação dos modos vibracionais para ambos os cristais foi proposta. A fim de estudar a estabilidade da estrutura destes dois aminoácidos foram realizados experimentos de difração de raios-X, espectroscopia Raman e infravermelho, e análises térmicas de DSC e TG em função da temperatura. Resultados de espectroscopia Raman e infravermelho mostraram que a estrutura da DL-valina é estável em altas temperaturas até a ocorrência da decomposição em 473 K verificada também nos experimentos de TG/DSC. O ácido DL-glutâmico monohidratado apresentou mudança no padrão dos picos de difração entre 248 e 313 K e, a partir de 373 K, teve início a desidratação da estrutura, em concordância com os experimentos de TG/DSC. Em 398 K os resultados indicam que a estrutura esteja completamente desidratada. Em baixas temperaturas a estabilidade da estrutura da DL-valina foi verificada por meio de experimentos de espectroscopia Raman desde a temperatura de 300 até 42 K. No infravermelho, de 300 até 80 K. Verificaram-se modificações nos modos correspondentes ao rocking da unidade CO2, r(CO2), o que nos leva a crer que este cristal sofra uma transição de fase conformacional em baixas temperaturas. Quanto aos cristais de ácido DL-glutâmico monohidratado, realizou-se experimentos de espectroscopia Raman, em baixas temperaturas, em duas orientações, na primeira a partir de 300 até 13 K e, na segunda, de 295 até 12 K e no infravermelho o aminoácido foi submetido a variações de temperaturas entre 300 e 80 K. Também foram feitas medidas de difração de raios-x entre a temperatura ambiente e 83 K. Mudanças contínuas no padrão de difração, bem como no número de modos de vibração indicam que a estrutura deste aminoácido sofra uma transição estrutural entre 248 e 203 K.

Es indudable hoy en día que el desarrollo de software se ha convertido en una actividad de gran importancia, principalmente, debido a que puede repercutir en diversas actividades cotidianas de las personas. Dada dicha diversidad de actividades que abarcan los desarrollos, los equipos de trabajo suelen estar constituidos a su vez por personas que trabajan en áreas muy diversas. Resulta entonces vital para estos grupos de trabajo contar con un lenguaje común que les permita comunicarse de mejor manera. Justamente con esta intención es que nace UML (Unified Modeling Language) que se ha transformado en el lenguaje de modelado de sistemas de software más utilizado en la actualidad. UML es un lenguaje gráfico para visualizar, especificar, construir y documentar sistemas de software. Básicamente ofrece una familia de diagramas para describir distintos aspectos del sistema, incluyendo aspectos conceptuales tales como procesos de negocios y funciones del sistema, y aspectos concretos como expresiones de lenguajes de programación, esquemas de bases de datos y componentes de software reutilizables. UML fue adoptado por el OMG (Object Management Group) en el año 1997 como el estándar de-facto para el modelamiento orientado a objetos. Desde entonces atravesó varias revisiones y refinamientos hasta llegar a la versión actual (UML 2.0) aprobada en octubre de 2004 [11]. Si bien, como fue mencionado anteriormente, UML 2.0 es el estándar dentro en la industria, esto no significa que sea definitivo ya que cuenta con una serie de dificultades. De hecho, no define una clara relación entre la semántica de los distintos diagramas, ni ofrece políticas de versionamiento en el caso de la evolución de un modelo. Estas dificultades son justificadas aduciendo a que no toda inconsistencia es accidental. Por ejemplo, cuando se hace un diseño abarcando desde lo global a lo particular, se inicia el proceso de diseño con un modelo incompleto, por lo tanto inconsistente. Indudable es que el uso de herramientas CASE facilita bastante la labor del diseñador, sobre todo en desarrollos de gran tamaño y complejidad. Sin embargo, dada la posición de los creadores de UML respecto a la validez de las inconsistencias, el usuario de UML debe preocuparse de las inconsistencias en forma manual.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:48:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cleiton_Pagliari_Sangali.PDF: 810970 bytes, checksum: 721cfbdc17482672e30e45378a255317 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-14 / Fundação Araucária / Aiming to assess the relative bioefficacy of DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthio butanoic acid (DL-HMBA) and of poly-herbal ingredient (PHI) relative to DL-methionine (DLM) in broilers, two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, 1100 Cobb 500 males and females broilers were fed either, from 1 to 21 days of age with a methionine-deficient basal diet, or the basal diet with three levels (0.170, 0.340, 0.511%) of DL-HMBA or three levels (0.111, 0.221, 0.332%) of DLM in equivalent amount of 65% of the levels of DL-HMBA or still, three levels (0.111, 0.221, 0.332%) of PHI, in equivalent amount the levels of DLM. In the second experiment, 900 Cobb 500 male broilers were fed either, from 22 to 42 days of age with a methionine-deficient basal diet, or the basal diet with three levels (0.143, 0.286 e 0.429%) of DL-HMBA or three levels (0.093, 0.186 e 0.279%) of DLM in equivalent amount of 65% of the levels of DL-HMBA or still, three levels (0.093, 0.186 e 0.279%) of PHI, in equivalent amount the levels of DLM. Simultaneous regression analysis was used to determine the bioefficacy based on weight gain and in feed conversion the of birds of experiments I and II, being that, in experiment II the bioefficacy values were also determined in function of the carcass characteristics of broilers fed with each methionine source. Performance was improved with supplementation of DL-HMBA or DLM in equivalent amount to 65% (DLM-65) of the levels of DL-HMBA, relative to those broilers fed the basal diet. However these responses were not so evident in birds supplemented with PHI. In the first experiment (stage of 1 to 21 days of age), simultaneous linear regression analysis revealed relative bioefficacy of DL-HMBA relative to DLM 39% and 44% for weight gain and feed conversion, on a product basis, respectively, being that, the performance data of birds supplemented with PHI not adjusted the simultaneously regression models, thereby, was not possible determine the bioefficacy of PHI in relation to the DLM. In the second experiment (stage of 22 to 42 days of age), simultaneous exponential regression analysis revealed bioefficacy relative of DL-HMBA and of PHI relative to DLM of 52% and 5% for weight gain and of 57% and 4% for feed conversion, on a product basis, respectively. To breast yield, the simultaneous linear regression analysis revealed relative bioefficacy of DL-HMBA in relation to DLM the 65% on a product basis. The results of this study indicate that the relative bioefficacy of DL-HMBA relative to DLM for broilers in stages of 1 to 21 and from 22 to 42 days old are respectively 42% and 58% on a product basis on average across all criteria tested / Com o objetivo de avaliar a bioeficácia do ácido DL-2-hidróxi-4 (metil) butanoico (DL-HMB) e de um poli ingrediente de ervas (PIE) em relação à DL-metionina (DLM) em frangos de corte foram realizados dois experimentos. No primeiro experimento, 1100 pintos de corte, da linhagem comercial Cobb 500, machos e fêmeas, foram alimentados de 1 a 21 dias de idade com uma dieta basal, deficiente em metionina + cistina, ou a dieta basal suplementada com três níveis (0,170, 0,340, 0,511%) de DL-HMB ou três níveis de DLM (0,111, 0,221, 0,332%) em quantidade equivalente a 65% dos nível de DL-HMB, ou ainda três níveis de PIE (0,111, 0,221, 0,332%), em quantidade equivalente aos níveis de DLM. No segundo experimento, 900 frangos de corte machos da linhagem Cobb 500 foram alimentados dos 22 aos 42 dias de idade com uma dieta basal deficiente em metionina, ou a dieta basal suplementada com três níveis (0,143, 0,286 e 0,429%) de DL-HMB ou três níveis de DLM (0,093, 0,186 e 0,279%) em quantidade equivalente a 65% dos nível de DL-HMB, ou ainda três níveis de PIE (0,093, 0,186 e 0,279%), em quantidade equivalente aos níveis de DLM. A análise de regressão simultânea foi usada para determinar a bioeficácia baseada no peso corporal e na conversão alimentar das aves dos experimentos I e II sendo que, no experimento II os valores de bioeficácia também foram determinados em função das características de carcaça das aves alimentadas com cada fonte de metionina. O desempenho foi melhorado com a suplementação de DL-HMB ou DLM em quantidade equivalente a 65% (DLM-65) dos níveis de DL-HMB, em relação aos frangos alimentados com as dietas basais. No entanto estas respostas não foram tão evidentes nas aves suplementadas com PIE. Para o primeiro experimento (fase de 1 aos 21 dias de idade) a análise de regressão linear simultânea revelou bioeficácia relativa do DL-HMB em relação à DLM de 39% e 44% para ganho de peso e conversão alimentar, em base de produto, respectivamente, sendo que, os dados de desempenho das aves suplementadas com PIE não se ajustaram significativamente aos modelos de regressão simultânea, desta forma não sendo possível determinar a bioeficácia do PIE em relação à DLM. No segundo experimento (fase de 22 aos 42 dias de idade), a análise de regressão exponencial simultânea revelou bioeficácia relativa do DL-HMB e do PIE em relação à DLM de 52% e 5% para ganho de peso e de 57% e 4% para conversão alimentar, em base de produto, respectivamente. Em relação ao rendimento de peito, a análise de regressão linear simultânea revelou uma bioeficácia relativa do DL-HMB em relação à DLM de 65%, em base de produto. Os resultados do presente estudo indicam que a bioeficácia relativa do DL-HMB em relação à DLM para frangos de corte nas fases de 1 aos 21 e dos 22 aos 42 dias de idade são respectivamente de 42% e 58% numa base de produto, em média, em todos os critérios testados

The thesis examines the relationship between the Norwegian state and the international oil companies from 1965 when the first oil concessions were granted on the Norwegian Continental Shelf to the beginning of 1975. It singles out three variables which were the objects of bargaining between the state and the companies during this period; oil-rent, volume control and Norwegian share of spinoffs from oil. To study in more detail the division of oil-rent over time we have constructed a cash-flow model which incorporates different participation schemes which were negotiated between the state and the companies and which also takes account of different exploration success rates. This framework of analysis makes use of a historical methodology. It attempts to recreate what the likely division of rent would have been at the time when new concessions were granted to the companies in 1965, 1969, 1973, 1974. It is only based on what the state and the companies expected the costs, revenues and tax conditions to be that it is possible to understand the historical development of Norway's oil policies. We have also carried out a number of sensitivity tests to see how changes in the variables which influence costs and revenues would have affected the division of rent and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of the companies. The most important of these factors was the shape of the production profile. To understand the development of the three chosen bargaining variables over time, and in particular the constantly increasing role of the Norwegian state with respect to all three variables, we have relied on three explanatory factors. First exogenous changes in the expected Present Value from the oilfields in the North Sea; secondly the situation in the international oil industry; and thirdly the special characteristics of the Norwegian state. While development of the first two factors opened up the way for a strengthening of the role of the Norwegian state in the industry and made them easier to achieve, the particular form and manner in which these changes were grasped by Norwegian policy-makers can only be understood with reference to the historical and political peculiarities of the Norwegian state, in particular the weakness of the national Norwegian capitalist class. Norwegian oil policies also operated within a set of ultimate policy constraints. This meant that the Norwegian policies tried to increase the state's share of the total rent by a process of participation and by the creation of a state oil corporation, Statoil, which did not imply any fundamental confrontation with the private companies and which left the IRR of these virtually intact. There are thus no 'unicausal' explanations of the increase in the role of the Norwegian state in the oil industry. Any satisfactory explanation must rely on an interdisciplinary perspective. No purely economic, sociological or political approach to state intervention in a modern society is possible.

Information systems used in archaeological research have several needs that can be summarized as follows: interoperability among diverse, heterogeneous systems, making information available without significant delay, providing a sustainable approach to long-term preservation of data, and providing a suite of services to users of the system. In this thesis, we describe how digital library techniques can be employed to provide solutions to these problems and describe our experiences in creating a prototype for ETANA-DL. ETANA-DL is a model-based, componentized, extensible, archaeological Digital Library that manages complex information sources using the client-server paradigm of the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH). We have designed and developed the prototype system with the following main goals: 1) to achieve information sharing between different heterogeneous archaeological systems, 2) to make primary archaeological data rapidly available to users, 3) to provide useful services to users of the DL, 4) to elicit requirements that users of the system will have beyond the services that it supports, and 5) to provide a sustainable solution to long-term preservation of valuable archaeological data. Consequently, we describe our approach to handling heterogeneous archaeological information from disparate sources; suggest an architecture for ETANA-DL, to be validated through prototyping; and show that given a pool of components that implement common DL services, a prototype DL can be rapidly created that supports several useful services over integrated data. Further, and most fundamentally, we note that understanding complex information systems is a difficult task. Finally, therefore, we describe our efforts to model complex archaeological information systems using the 5S framework, and show how we have used the resulting partial models to implement ETANA-DL with cross-collection searching and browsing capabilities. / Master of Science

<p>Artificial Intelligence driven approaches, especially  based on deep learning algorithms, provided an alternative perspective in summarizing the common features in large-scale and complex datasets and aided the human professions in discovering novel features in cross-domain research. In this dissertation, the author proposed his research of developing AI-driven algorithms to reveal the real relation of complex medical data. The author started to identify the abnormal structures from the radiology images. When the abnormal structure was detected, the author built a model to explore the domain layers or cell phenotype of the specific tissues. Finally, the author evaluated cell-cell communication for the downstream tasks.</p> <p><br></p> <p>In his first research, the author applied IResNet, a two-stage prediction-interpretation Convolution Neural Network, to assist clinicians in the early diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). IresNet first predicted the input sMRI scan to one of the two categories: (1) ASD group or (2) Normal Control group, and interpret the prediction using a \textit{post-hoc} approach and visualized the abnormal structures on top of the raw inputs. The proposed method can be applied to other neural diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease. </p> <p><br></p> <p>When the abnormal structure was detected, the author proposed a method to reveal the latent relation at the tissue level. Thus the author proposed SiGra, an unsupervised learning paradigm to identify the domain layers and cellular phenotype in a particular tissue slide based on the corresponding gene expression matrix and the morphology representations. SiGra outperformed other benchmarking algorithms in three different tissue slides from three commercialized single-cell platforms.</p> <p><br></p> <p>At last, the author measured the potential interactions between two cells. The proposed spaCI, measured the correlation of a Ligand-Receptor interaction in the high-dimension latent space and predicted the interactive $L-R$ pair for downstream analysis. </p> <p><br></p> <p>In summary, the author presented three end-to-end AI-driven frameworks to facilitate clinicians and pathologists in better understanding the latent connections of complex diseases and tissues. </p>