Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales) / La presente tesis desarrolla las reformas procesales introducidas al Decreto Ley 211 en el contexto de la criminalización de la colusión, con el objeto de analizar críticamente las deficiencias del diseño dual utilizado por el legislador nacional. Para ello, en el primer capítulo se estudia el problema de la aplicación de los principios penales al derecho administrativo sancionador y como esto incide en el sistema de defensa de la libre competencia. Luego, en el segundo capítulo de la tesis revisamos los diseños institucionales de persecución de la colusión y la evolución del castigo penal de este ilícito en Chile. Finalmente, el tercer capítulo del trabajo está dedicado al análisis de los conflictos procesales que hemos detectado en el sistema de persecución penal de la colusión, esto es, la constitucionalidad de la regla de legitimación activa, la infracción al principio ne bis in ídem, la vulneración del derecho a defensa, la utilidad penal del material probatorio producido por la Fiscalía Nacional Económica en sede de libre competencia y la vigencia del artículo 285 del Código Penal.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology has been used in the investigation of human brain functionality and assist in brain disease diagnosis. While fMRI can be used to model both spatial and temporal brain functionality, the analysis of the fMRI images and the discovery of patterns for certain brain diseases is still a challenging task in medical imaging. Deep learning has been used more and more in medical field in an effort to further improve disease diagnosis due to its effectiveness in discovering high-level features in images. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is a class of deep learning algorithm that have been successfully used in medical imaging and extract spatial hierarchical features. The application of CNNs in fMRI and the extraction of brain functional patterns is an open field for research. This project focuses on how fMRIs can be used to improve Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) detection and diagnosis with 3D resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) images. ASDs are a range of neurodevelopment brain diseases that mostly affect social function. Some of the symptoms include social and communicating difficulties, and also restricted  and repetitive  behaviors. The  symptoms appear on early childhood and tend to develop in time thus an early diagnosis is required. Finding a proper model for identifying between ASD and healthy subject is a challenging task and involves a lot of hyper-parameter tuning. In this project a grid search approach is followed in the quest of the optimal CNN architecture. Additionally, regularization and augmentation techniques are implemented in an effort to further improve the models performance.

In the sample data of soil contaminants, the existence of nondetects is a common phenomenon. Due to their small values, they are always ignored. However, they form an essential part of the sample distribution and arbitrary changes of their values will affect the properties of the distribution, for example, the 95% upper confidence limit of the mean (95UCLM), which is an important index in risk assessment, is strongly related with the sample distribution. Statistical analysis methods for nondetects involve substitution by half of the detection limit (DL/2), maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), Kaplan-Meier and regression on ordered statistics (ROS). The significance of nondetects was examined in this study. Two large data sets of cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) containing censored observations in Annedal’s park were used, where the censored observations were known from the laboratory. Large data sets were subsampled into small data sets with different sample sizes and censoring levels. The 95UCLM value of each data set was calculated by use of the statistical software ProUCL 4.1.00. Through comparison, it was found that in most cases the 95UCLM value calculated with lab values was lower than that of the censored observation for each data set. The difference in 95UCLM values between the data set with nondetects and the data set with lab values varied in each sample and was found to be related to sample size and to the censoring level. The higher the censoring level was, the bigger the 95UCLM value difference became. Either too small or too large a sample size would reduce the difference between the 95UCLM values. This result helps in certain cases, when the 95UCLM value of the sample data is a little lower than the threshold; using the lab values instead of nondetects to recalculate the 95UCLM value may supply a manageable and economic tool to classify the contaminated area.

Anxiety is becoming more and more common, seeking help to evaluate your anxiety canfirst of all take a long time, secondly, many of the tests are self-report assessments that could cause incorrect results. It has been shown there are several voice characteristics that are affected in people with anxiety. Knowing this, we got the idea that an algorithm can be developed to classify the amount of anxiety based on a person's voice. Our goal is that the developed algorithm can be used in collaboration with today's evaluation methods to increase the validity of anxiety evaluation. The algorithm would, in our opinion, give a more objective result than self-report assessments. In this thesis we answer questions such as “Is it possible toclassify anxiety based on a speech recording?”, as well as if deep learning algorithms perform better than machine learning algorithms on such a task. To answer the research questions we compiled a data set containing samples of people speaking with a varying degree of anxiety applied to their voice. We then implemented two algorithms able to classify the samples from our data set. One of the algorithms was a machine learning algorithm (ANN) with manual feature extraction, and the other one was a deep learning model (CNN) with automatic feature extraction. The performance of the two models were compared, and it was concluded that ANN was the better algorithm. When evaluating the models a 5-fold cross validation was used with a data split of 80/20. Every fold contains 100 epochs meaning we train both the models for a total of 500 epochs. For every fold the accuracy, precision, and recall is calculated. From these metrics we have then calculated other metrics such as sensitivity and specificity to compare the models. The ANN model performed a lot better than the CNN model on every single metric that was measured: accuracy, sensitivity, precision, f1-score, recall andspecificity.

Rapid technological advances in artificial intelligence (AI), data analytics, big data, the semantic web, the Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud and mobile computing have given rise to a new generation of AI-driven recommendation agents (RAs). These agents continue to evolve and offer potential for use in a variety of application domains. However, extant information systems (IS) research has predominantly focused on user perceptions and evaluations of traditional non-intelligent product-brokering recommendation agents (PRAs), supported by empirical studies on custom-built experimental RAs that heavily rely on explicit user preference elicitations. To address the lack of research in the new generation of intelligent RAs (RAs 2.0), this dissertation aims to study consumer responses to AI-driven RAs using an affordance perspective. Notably, this research is the first in the IS discourse to link RA design artifacts, RA affordances, RA outcomes, and user continuance. It examines how actualized RA affordances influence user engagements with and evaluations of these highly personalized systems, which increasingly focus on user experiences and long-term relationships. This three-essay dissertation, consisting of one theory-building paper and two empirical studies, conceptually defines "RAs 2.0," proposes a comprehensive theoretical framework with testable propositions, and conducts two empirical studies guided by smaller carved-out models to test the validity of the comprehensive framework. The research is expected to enrich the IS literature on RAs and identify potential areas for future research. Moreover, it offers key implications for industry professionals regarding the effective system development of the new generation of intelligent RAs. / Doctor of Philosophy / Rapid technological advances in artificial intelligence (AI), data analytics, big data, the semantic web, the Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud and mobile computing have given rise to a new generation of AI-driven recommendation agents (RAs). These agents continue to evolve and offer potential for use in a variety of application domains. This three-essay dissertation, consisting of one theory-building paper and two empirical studies, conceptually defines "RAs 2.0," proposes a comprehensive theoretical framework with testable propositions, and conducts two empirical studies guided by smaller carved-out models to test the validity of the comprehensive framework. The research is expected to enrich the IS literature on RAs and identify potential areas for future research. Moreover, it offers key implications for industry professionals regarding the effective system development of the new generation of intelligent RAs.

No / Martensitic transformations are of considerable technological importance, a particularly promising application being the possibility of using martensitic materials, possibly proteins, as tiny machines. For organic crystals, however, a molecular level understanding of such transformations is lacking. We have studied a martensitic-type transformation in crystals of the amino acid DL-norleucine using molecular dynamics simulation. The crystal structures of DL-norleucine comprise stacks of bilayers (formed as a result of strong hydrogen bonding) that translate relative to each other on transformation. The simulations reveal that the transformation occurs by concerted molecular displacements involving entire bilayers rather than on a molecule-by-molecule basis. These observations can be rationalized on the basis that at sufficiently high excess temperatures, the free energy barriers to concerted molecular displacements can be overcome by the available thermal energy. Furthermore, in displacive transformations, the molecular displacements can occur by the propagation of a displacement wave (akin to a kink in a carpet), which requires the molecules to overcome only a local barrier. Concerted molecular displacements are therefore considered to be a significant feature of all displacive transformations. This finding is expected to be of value toward developing strategies for controlling or modulating martensitic-type transformations.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / No presente trabalho foram realizadas medidas de espalhamento Raman polarizado em cristais de L-metionina e de DL-alanina (dois aminoÃcidos) e em diversas amostras de nanotubos de carbono de parede simples (SWNT). As medidas de espalhamento Raman em cristais de L-metionina foram realizadas no intervalo espectral entre 50 cm-1 e 3100 cm-1 desde a temperatura ambiente atà a temperatura de 17 K. No intervalo de temperatura estudado a estrutura da L-metionina manteve-se estÃvel. à temperatura ambiente tambÃm foram realizadas medidas Raman em altas pressÃes hidrostÃticas. A mÃxima pressÃo atingida foi de 4,7 GPa e diversas modificaÃÃes nos modos associados Ãs unidades CO2, NH3, CC, CS, CH, CH2 e CH3 sugerem que a L-metionina sofre um transiÃÃo estrutural de fase em torno de 2,1 GPa com histerese de aproximadamente 0,8 GPa. No cristal de DL-alanina foram realizadas medidas de espalhamento Raman no intervalo de temperatura de 15 K a 295 K. Embora nenhuma mudanÃa significativa tenha sido observada neste intervalo de temperatura, os resultados sÃo importantes para se entender o comportamento de uma molÃcula fundamental na constituiÃÃo das proteÃnas. Medidas de espalhamento Raman em SWNTâs foram realizadas em amostras preparadas pela tÃcnica de arco voltÃico, utilizando-se vÃrios catalisadores metÃlicos. As amostras foram divididas em duas sÃries: A primeira com os catalisadores à base de MnNiCo e a segunda à base de FeNiCo. Em ambas as sÃries observou-se que a inserÃÃo de CÃrio (Ce) foi responsÃvel por tornar a distribuiÃÃo de diÃmetros do subconjunto ressonante com a energia 2,41 eV mais estreita. AlÃm disso, o mÃximo da distribuiÃÃo à deslocado para o azul, provavelmente em conseqÃÃncia da seleÃÃo de tubos de menor diÃmetro dentro do subconjunto estudado. A inserÃÃo de ZircÃnio (Zr) à segunda sÃrie nÃo trouxe mudanÃas significativas. Foram realizadas medidas de espalhamento Raman em funÃÃo da pressÃo hidrostÃtica em uma amostra comercial de SWNT. Como fluido transmissor foram utilizadas soluÃÃes de dois surfactantes: o dodecil sulfato de sÃdio (SDS) e o Ãcido plurÃnico F127 (F127). Devido à baixa relaÃÃo sinal-ruÃdo, nÃo foi possÃvel estudar o comportamento dos modos de respiraÃÃo radial (RBM), mas pela descontinuidade do grÃfico da freqÃÃncia em funÃÃo da pressÃo dos modos tangenciais em aproximadamente 2 GPa à provÃvel que os nanotubos sofram uma transiÃÃo de fase estrutural nessa pressÃo, com deformaÃÃo da seÃÃo circular dos tubos como predito por estudos teÃricos. Dois conjuntos de amostras contendo diferentes nÃveis de inserÃÃo de lÃtio tambÃm foram estudados por espectroscopia Raman. Cada conjunto era formado por uma amostra sem lÃtio, uma com lÃtio e a terceira com inserÃÃo parcial de lÃtio (obtida pela lavagem da amostra que contÃm lÃtio). Nos dois conjuntos a inserÃÃo foi eficiente, contudo o mecanismo de inserÃÃo à diferente de uma sÃrie para outra. Na primeira sÃrie o catalisador utilizado para a inserÃÃo de lÃtio foi LiNi0,5Co0,5O2. Com este composto o lÃtio à intercalado intersticialmente e pode ser removido quase que completamente pela lavagem da amostra. Jà na segunda sÃrie o composto utilizado foi LiCO3/NiO/CoO o que fez com que o lÃtio fosse intercalado dentro dos tubos de modo a nÃo ser removido pela lavagem da amostra. / This work describes polarized Raman scattering measurements in L-methionine and in DL-alanine (two amino acids) crystals and in several samples of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT). In L-methionine crystal the Raman spectra were obtained from 17 K to 295 K in the spectral range from 50 cm-1 to 3100 cm-1, but no indication of a phase transition was observed. At room temperature, Raman scattering measurements were also performed for pressure up to 5 GPa. Several changes observed in the spectra were interpreted as due to structural phase transition undergone by L-methionine crystal at ~ 2.1 GPa. The results for decompression show that the phase transition is reversible with a hysteresis of ~ 0.8 GPa. In DL-alanine crystal the Raman spectra were obtained at temperatures from 15 K to 295 K over the spectral range 50 cm-1 - 3100 cm-1. No evidence of structural phase transition was found in this range of temperature, although information about diverse modes of the crystal were furnished. Samples of SWNTâs studied were prepared with metallic catalysts using the arc voltaic method. MnNiCo was the main compound of the first series and FeNiCo, the main compound of the second. In both sets it was observed that Cerium (Ce) insertion induces in the sub-set, probed with the 2.41 eV excitation energy, a narrowing of the diameter distribution favoring the tubes with smaller diameter. The Raman scattering measurements in a commercial sample of SWNTâs show a discontinuity at about 2 GPa. The discontinuity was represented by a changing in the slope of the frequency versus pressure for tangential modes. The measurement was performed twice, using two different solutions of surfactants, sodium dodecil sulfate (SDS) and plurocic acid F127 (F127), and the results were similar. The anomaly was interpreted as due to the deformation of the tubes as predicted theoretically. Two sets of three samples of SWNTâs containing different levels of lithium insertion were also analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. Each set of sample was formed by a sample with lithium, a sample without lithium and a sample with partial insertion of lithium. The results show that the lithium is efficiently intercalated with both lithium containing compound (LiCO3/NiO/CoO and LiNi0.5Co0.5O2), but the mechanism of intercalation differs from one to the other. The intercalation is unstable when lithium is intercalated interstitially (LiNi0.5Co0.5O2) and it can be removed almost completely by washing the sample, but if the lithium is intercalated inside the tubes (LiCO3/NiO/CoO) it can not be removed by the same process.

LIMA JÚNIOR, José Alves de. Espectroscopia Raman dos Aminoácidos L - metionina e DL - alanina e de Nanotubos de Carbono. 2008. 214 f. Tese (Doutorado) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Centro de Ciências, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2008. / Submitted by Edvander Pires (edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2014-05-13T22:56:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_tese_jalimajúnior.pdf: 3662330 bytes, checksum: ad8b8ed63bf2df476f4e050aae5f5d70 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edvander Pires(edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2014-05-14T18:26:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_tese_jalimajúnior.pdf: 3662330 bytes, checksum: ad8b8ed63bf2df476f4e050aae5f5d70 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-14T18:26:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_tese_jalimajúnior.pdf: 3662330 bytes, checksum: ad8b8ed63bf2df476f4e050aae5f5d70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / This work describes polarized Raman scattering measurements in L-methionine and in DL-alanine (two amino acids) crystals and in several samples of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT). In L-methionine crystal the Raman spectra were obtained from 17 K to 295 K in the spectral range from 50 cm-1 to 3100 cm-1, but no indication of a phase transition was observed. At room temperature, Raman scattering measurements were also performed for pressure up to 5 GPa. Several changes observed in the spectra were interpreted as due to structural phase transition undergone by L-methionine crystal at ~ 2.1 GPa. The results for decompression show that the phase transition is reversible with a hysteresis of ~ 0.8 GPa. In DL-alanine crystal the Raman spectra were obtained at temperatures from 15 K to 295 K over the spectral range 50 cm-1 - 3100 cm-1. No evidence of structural phase transition was found in this range of temperature, although information about diverse modes of the crystal were furnished. Samples of SWNT’s studied were prepared with metallic catalysts using the arc voltaic method. MnNiCo was the main compound of the first series and FeNiCo, the main compound of the second. In both sets it was observed that Cerium (Ce) insertion induces in the sub-set, probed with the 2.41 eV excitation energy, a narrowing of the diameter distribution favoring the tubes with smaller diameter. The Raman scattering measurements in a commercial sample of SWNT’s show a discontinuity at about 2 GPa. The discontinuity was represented by a changing in the slope of the frequency versus pressure for tangential modes. The measurement was performed twice, using two different solutions of surfactants, sodium dodecil sulfate (SDS) and plurocic acid F127 (F127), and the results were similar. The anomaly was interpreted as due to the deformation of the tubes as predicted theoretically. Two sets of three samples of SWNT’s containing different levels of lithium insertion were also analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. Each set of sample was formed by a sample with lithium, a sample without lithium and a sample with partial insertion of lithium. The results show that the lithium is efficiently intercalated with both lithium containing compound (LiCO3/NiO/CoO and LiNi0.5Co0.5O2), but the mechanism of intercalation differs from one to the other. The intercalation is unstable when lithium is intercalated interstitially (LiNi0.5Co0.5O2) and it can be removed almost completely by washing the sample, but if the lithium is intercalated inside the tubes (LiCO3/NiO/CoO) it can not be removed by the same process. / No presente trabalho foram realizadas medidas de espalhamento Raman polarizado em cristais de L-metionina e de DL-alanina (dois aminoácidos) e em diversas amostras de nanotubos de carbono de parede simples (SWNT). As medidas de espalhamento Raman em cristais de L-metionina foram realizadas no intervalo espectral entre 50 cm-1 e 3100 cm-1 desde a temperatura ambiente até a temperatura de 17 K. No intervalo de temperatura estudado a estrutura da L-metionina manteve-se estável. À temperatura ambiente também foram realizadas medidas Raman em altas pressões hidrostáticas. A máxima pressão atingida foi de 4,7 GPa e diversas modificações nos modos associados às unidades CO2, NH3, CC, CS, CH, CH2 e CH3 sugerem que a L-metionina sofre um transição estrutural de fase em torno de 2,1 GPa com histerese de aproximadamente 0,8 GPa. No cristal de DL-alanina foram realizadas medidas de espalhamento Raman no intervalo de temperatura de 15 K a 295 K. Embora nenhuma mudança significativa tenha sido observada neste intervalo de temperatura, os resultados são importantes para se entender o comportamento de uma molécula fundamental na constituição das proteínas. Medidas de espalhamento Raman em SWNT’s foram realizadas em amostras preparadas pela técnica de arco voltáico, utilizando-se vários catalisadores metálicos. As amostras foram divididas em duas séries: A primeira com os catalisadores à base de MnNiCo e a segunda à base de FeNiCo. Em ambas as séries observou-se que a inserção de Cério (Ce) foi responsável por tornar a distribuição de diâmetros do subconjunto ressonante com a energia 2,41 eV mais estreita. Além disso, o máximo da distribuição é deslocado para o azul, provavelmente em conseqüência da seleção de tubos de menor diâmetro dentro do subconjunto estudado. A inserção de Zircônio (Zr) à segunda série não trouxe mudanças significativas. Foram realizadas medidas de espalhamento Raman em função da pressão hidrostática em uma amostra comercial de SWNT. Como fluido transmissor foram utilizadas soluções de dois surfactantes: o dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS) e o ácido plurônico F127 (F127). Devido à baixa relação sinal-ruído, não foi possível estudar o comportamento dos modos de respiração radial (RBM), mas pela descontinuidade do gráfico da freqüência em função da pressão dos modos tangenciais em aproximadamente 2 GPa é provável que os nanotubos sofram uma transição de fase estrutural nessa pressão, com deformação da seção circular dos tubos como predito por estudos teóricos. Dois conjuntos de amostras contendo diferentes níveis de inserção de lítio também foram estudados por espectroscopia Raman. Cada conjunto era formado por uma amostra sem lítio, uma com lítio e a terceira com inserção parcial de lítio (obtida pela lavagem da amostra que contém lítio). Nos dois conjuntos a inserção foi eficiente, contudo o mecanismo de inserção é diferente de uma série para outra. Na primeira série o catalisador utilizado para a inserção de lítio foi LiNi0,5Co0,5O2. Com este composto o lítio é intercalado intersticialmente e pode ser removido quase que completamente pela lavagem da amostra. Já na segunda série o composto utilizado foi LiCO3/NiO/CoO o que fez com que o lítio fosse intercalado dentro dos tubos de modo a não ser removido pela lavagem da amostra.

We adapt existing approaches for privacy-preserving publishing of linked data to a setting where the data are given as Description Logic (DL) ABoxes with possibly anonymised (formally: existentially quantified) individuals and the privacy policies are expressed using sets of concepts of the DL EL. We provide a chacterization of compliance of such ABoxes w.r.t. EL policies, and show how optimal compliant anonymisations of ABoxes that are non-compliant can be computed. This work extends previous work on privacy-preserving ontology publishing, in which a very restricted form of ABoxes, called instance stores, had been considered, but restricts the attention to compliance. The approach developed here can easily be adapted to the problem of computing optimal repairs of quantified ABoxes.

This study focusses on the relationship between social assistance and personal social services on the one hand and various forms of social insurance on the other hand. During the period the expressed objective was in both nations to replace the Poor Law with insurance, leaving only a small last resort assistance scheme. While Norway continued the pre-war practice of breaking down the Poor Law "from without" through the gradual extension of insurance, Britain attempted a more immediate transition through the creation of a universal National Insurance and a National Assistance freed from the cash-care multifunctional nature of the Poor Law. The comparison of the ensuing development rests on two postulates. First, Norwegian social insurance will be seen to have experienced a more favourable development in terms of coverage and levels of benefits. Second, in the case of assistance the Norwegian scheme covered a decreasing proportion of the population with a service bearing strong resemblance to those of the Poor Law. Britain, by contrast, experienced a growth in the number covered by assistance, in terms of numbers as well as need categories. The services obtained bear, however, less resemblance to the Poor Law compared to their Norwegian counterpart. For both nations it will be hypothesised that the scope and nature of assistance can be largely explained by the development of social insurance. The findings will be discussed in relation to Titmuss' models of welfare. The hypothesis is that while Norway on the whole has reached an income maintenance closer to the institutional model compared to Britain, a paradox emerges when we see that Norway also features a more residual assistance in comparison to services offered to equivalent groups in the UK. These findings are also discussed in relation to theories about the social division of welfare as well as different interpretations of determinants of welfare. The study is in two parts: Institutional and residual welfare. In the first we analyse first the emergence of the models of insurance in the two countries and, second, the 1946-1966 development of old age and disability pensions. The second part focusses on assistance and the changing nature of social work in the local authority personal social services.